Mwela Wawama ne Mute—Nanchi “Muchi” Nyi?
BASHAYUKA ba sayansi patanshi bataaine muchi wa mu bipatela pakachi ka 1940 ne 1950. Badokotala baketekejilenga’mba uno muchi wa katataka ukapwisha bikola bimo. Kimye kitanshi, uno muchi wamwekelenga’mba usakwingila bulongo. Pano bino, pa myaka yavula yo bamwingijisha, wamwesha’mba twishi tuleta bikola kechi tubena kufwa ne.
Pa kuba’mba bataane muchi wa kupwisha bikola, bashayuka ba sayansi bamo batendeka kwingijisha mashinda o baingijishanga kala. Jishinda jimo ke kwingijisha mute ne mwela wawama.
Kufunjila ku bya Kala
Mu kyalo kya England, kala mwajinga bashayuka baambilenga kuba’mba mute ne mwela wawama bibukañana. Shayuka umo aye John Lettsom (1744-1815) walumbulwile’mba mwela wa pa kalunga ka mema ne mute wakwashanga baana bakolwanga TB. Mu 1840, shayuka wa bya kutumbula aye George Bodington waambile’mba bantu baingijilanga pangye papita mwela wawama, nabiji banjimi, bakafunga, javula kechi bakolwa TB ne, bino aba baingijilanga mukachi ka bishimikwa bo bakolwanga bingi kino kikola.
Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) wayile bingi nkuwa na mambo a kuletako mashinda a katataka a kukwashishamo bantu kimye bashilikale bena Britain kyo bebakozhezhe mu nkondo ku Crimea. Washikishe’mba: “Inge mwatwela mu nzubo ya bantu . . . bufuku, nangwa lukelokelo saka bakyangye kushinkula bipenze, abya mumvwa mwela watama wikalamo nyi?” Waambile kuba’mba mu kibamba muji muntu wakolwa mwafwainwa kupitanga mwela wawama nabiji yewa upita pangye, bino mwafwainwa kumona kuba’mba muntu wakolwa kechi ubena kuzakama na mashika ne. Kabiji wanungilepo’mba: “Kwesakana na byo nafunda pa bantu bakolwa, nataana kuba’mba mwela wawama ne mute bikebewa bingi . . . Kabiji nataana ne kuba’mba kechi kyeyatu kyonse kyawama ne, kanatu kyeya kya juba. Bavula pa kyokya kimye balangulukilenga kuba’mba kubika bya kwivweta nangwa mwanya pa mute kulengela bumi kwikala bulongo.
Mu myaka ya mu ma 1800 bashayuka ba sayansi bayijileko bingi palutwe mu kufunda bya michi, bino byonka byo bataaine kala ne bashayuka ba ano moba nabo byobyo bataana. Mu mwaka wa 2011, bashayuka ba mu China bataaine kuba’mba mu bibamba bya pa sukulu mukatampe mwabula bipenze byabaya, “bantu bekalamo bakolwa bingi bikola bilengela kukankalwa kupema bulongo.”
Kipamo kya ntanda yonse kitala pa bumi bwa bantu (World Health Organization) kyashimuna kuba’mba kushinkula bipenze mu bishimikwa kuba’mba mupitenga mwela wawama ufuma pangye, kukwashako kubula kukolwa bikola bimo. Mikambizho ya kino kipamo yanembelwe mu mwaka wa 2009 itutundaika kwikala na bipenze mu bipatela kuba’mba mupitenga mwela wa Lesa pa kuba’mba tukepesheko kukolwa bikola bimo. *
Mwakonsha kwamba’mba, ‘kino kyawama bingi. Pano nga bafunda bya sayansi bambapo’mba ka? Mwela ne mute byakonsha kuzhikijila byepi bantu ku bikola?’
Bilengwa na Lesa Bipaya Twishi Tuleta Bikola
Kipamo kya kafulumende kitala pa kulama mutende mu Britain kyakumbula ano mepuzho. Bashayuka ba sayansi babena kweseka kukeba kuyuka kimye kyakonsha kupitapo pa kuba’mba mwela watama ufuma ku mabomba aji na twishi tuleta bikola afwomoke inge bomba bamuloza mu London. Pa kuba’mba bayuke bikala twishi twikala mu mwela, bashayuka babikile twishi tuleta bikola bya kupolomya ku tonge wa tangatanga ne kwitubika papichilenga mwela. Baubile bino bufuku, mambo kyataainwe kuba’mba kyuya kya juba kipaya twishi. Bika byafuminemo?
Byo papichile maola abiji twishi tonse twafwile. Pano bino, byo betubikile mu kibokoshi pa mpunzha imotu, kabiji saka mwauba munyango, twavula twaikela na bumi kukila pa maola abiji. Mambo ka? Kyamweka kuji bimo biji mu mwela bipaya tulongolo. Pano bino, abino bintu bipaya tulongolo biji mu mwela kechi byayukanyikwa ne. Nangwa byonkabyo, bashayuka bamba kuba’mba kuji bintu byubiwa mu mwela bingila nobe “muchi wipaya twishi nangwa tulongolo tubula kumweka tutanwa mu mwela.”
Mu kyeya kya juba namo muji bimo bipaya tulongolo. Pepala wa byambo utelwa’mba Journal of Hospital Infection waamba’mba “tulongolo tumo tulengela bikola kechi tukeba mute ne.”
Pano mwakonsha kumwenamo byepi mu kino? Mwakonsha kwikalangako pangye ne kwikalako na kimye kya kota mute ne kupemako mwela wawama. Kuba bino kikemulengela kwikala na bumi bwawama.
^ par. 8 Kuji bintu bimo byakonsha kulengela bantu kubula kushinkula bipenze. Bimo bilengela ke kutama kwa mwela, kyungwe, mizhilo ya bya kwizhikijila ku mujilo ne kuchiina kwibatwelelela ku bambazhi.
