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Ignaz Semmelweis

Ignaz Semmelweis

IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS kechi wayukanyikwa ku bantu bavula ne, bino kufikatu ne lelo jino, bisemi byavula bimwenamo mu bintu byo aubile. Wasemekejilwe mu muzhi wa Buda (utelwa luno amba Budapest), mu kyalo kya Hungary, kabiji wapwishishe kufunda pa sukulu mukatampe wa University of Vienna ne kwikala shayuka wa michi ya mu kipatela mu 1844. Mu 1846, watwelele nkito ne kwikala wa kibiji ku mukulumpe wa kipatela kya kusemesha baana kya First Maternity Clinic pa kipatela kikatampe kya Vienna General Hospital. Semmelweis wimwenejile banabakazhi bavula bapapilanga mu kino kipatela byo bafwanga na mambo a kikola kitelwa’mba childbed fever, kyo basambulanga kimye kyo bapaapanga.

Bashayuka bavula baesekele kulumbulula kwafumanga kino kikola, bino bakankelwe. Kabiji kechi batainepo jishinda ja kukepesheshamo nambala ya banabakazhi bafwanga na kino kikola ne. Kyamuletelanga bingi bulanda pa kumona banabakazhi byo bafwanga na kino kikola. Onkao mambo, Semmelweis wakebele kuyuka kwafumanga kino kikola ne bya kwikishinda.

Pa kipatela kikatampe po aingijilanga pajinga bipatela bicheche bibiji mwapapilanga banabakazhi. Wakuminye bingi pa kutaana’mba mu kipatela kitanshi mwafwanga banabakazhi bavula kukila mu kya bubiji. Lupusano lwajingapo pa bino bipatela ke lwa kuba’mba mu kipatela kitanshi mo mo bafunjishishanga baana ba sukulu bya kusemesha, bino mu kya bubiji mwaingijilanga basemeshi bafunda kala. Pano mambo ka mu kipatela kitanshi kyo mwafwilanga banabakazhi bavula kukila mu kya bubiji? Pa kukeba kuyuka kyalengelanga, Semmelweis waesekele mashinda apusana pusana a kupwishishamo kino kikola, bino wakankelwe.

Kyamwekele ku ntendekelo ya mwaka wa 1847 kyakwashishe Semmelweis kuyuka kwafumanga kino kikola. Mulunda nanji mo baingijilanga, aye Jakob Kolletschka, wafwile na mambo a kusambula kikola. Wasambwile kino kikola kimye kyo ekozhezhe saka abena kupima muntu wafwile na kino kikola. Semmelweis byo atangile sawakya walumbulwilenga byafwile Kolletschka, wamwene kuba’mba kikola kyakolelwe Kolletschka kipashishe na kikola kya childbed fever. Onkao mambo, Semmelweis wamwene kuba’mba banabakazhi baimita basambulanga kino kikola kupichila mu twishi twafumanga ku mibiji ya bantu bafwa. Wamwene kuba’mba badokotala ne bafundanga bya kusemesha inge bafuma na kupima muntu wafwa, baya mwapapilanga banabakazhi na kwibapima ne kwibalengela kukolwa na mambo a twishi twafumanga ku mibiji ya bantu bafwa. Bino mu kipatela kya bubiji banabakazhi bafwanga bakepele, mambo baana ba sukulu bafundanga bya kusemesha baana kechi bayanga ko balaminanga bantu bafwa ne.

Akino kyalengejile Semmelweis kuletapo mulanguluko wa kowa ku maboko mu mema a muchi wipaya twishi saka bakyangye kutendeka kupima mwanamukazhi waimita. Jino jishinda jaingijile bingi bulongo: kufuma mu April kufika ku mpelo ya yewa mwaka, pesenti wa banabakazhi bafwilenga wabwelele panshi kufuma pa 18.27 kufika pa 0.19.

“Byo mfunjisha byaikelako kupwisha bulanda buji mu bipatela mo bapapisha baana, ne kupulusha banabakazhi kuba’mba bakabwele ku bamwatawabo ne ku baana babo saka baji bomi.”—Ignaz Semmelweis

Kechi bonse batemenwe byaubile Semmelweis ne. Abino byo aubile byapusene bingi na byafunjishanga mukulumpe wa nkito, kabiji wazhingilanga bingi mambo a kuba Semmelweis wakoselepotu pa byo ataaine. Onkao mambo, Semmelweis bamupangile nkito mu Vienna kabiji wabwelele ku Hungary. Akwa, waikele mukulumpe wa bya kupapisha baana mu kipatela kikatampe kya St. Rochus Hospital mu muzhi wa Pest. Mu kino kipatela, kibelengelo kya banabakazhi bafwanga ku kikola kya childbed fever kyabwelele bingi panshi na mambo a mashinda aingijishenga Semmelweis.

Mu 1861, Semmelweis wanembele buku wa kuba’mba, The Cause, Concept, and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever, mo alumbululwile mwingilo wanji ne bintu byo ataaine. Pano bino, papichile myaka yavula bingi pa kuba’mba bantu batendeke kunemeka bintu byo afunjishe. Mu ino myaka yonse, banabakazhi bavula bafwile.

Mu bipatela monse mo aingijilanga, Semmelweis wamonanga kuba’mba badokotala ne bamanase babena kowa ku maboko mu mema a michi wipaya twishi.—Kipikichala kyalengele ba Robert Thom

Byo papichile myaka, Semmelweis bamunemekele amba ye umo pa batendekeshe mashinda engijisha bantu lelo pa kwivimbila ku twishi. Byo ataaine byakwashishe bantu kushiinwa’mba tulongolo tucheche tubula kumweka na meso twakonsha kuleta bikola. Jonse bantu inge bafunjisha pa tulongolo byo tuleta bikola, batongola jizhina janji, kabiji bashayuka bamo bamba’mba kuyuka tulongolo byo tuleta bikola “kyo kintu kikatampe kyafunda bashayuka pa bya sayansi ne bya michi.” Bino kya kukumya ke kya kuba’mba myaka 3,000 ya kala, Mizhilo ya Mosesa yanembwa mu Baibolo yakambizhe bantu pa byo bafwainwe kuba inge bakwata mubiji wa muntu wafwa.