Baibolo wa Kisilya Utelwa’mba Peshita Jishinda ja Kuyukilapo Byavula pa Ntuntulwilo ya ma Baibolo Atanshi
Mu 1892 bamapasa abo ba Agnes Smith Lewis ne Margaret Dunlop Gibson baendele pa bambongolo moba atanu na ana kupita mu kiselebwa kuya ku Kishimikwa kya St. Catherine mwaikalanga banabalume ba bupopweshi babujile kusongola kyaikejile munshi ya Mutumba wa Sinai. Mambo ka bano banabakazhi bajinga na myaka ya mu ma 40, o baendejile lwendo lwalepa bibye mu kimye kyakatezhe kwenda kupita mu byalo bya ku musela mu Asia? Mukumbu wa buno bwipuzho usakwimukwasha kuketekela’mba byaamba Baibolo bya kine.
YESU saka akyangye kubwela mwiulu, wakambizhe baana banji ba bwanga kusapwila pe aye “mu Yelusalema, mu Yudea ne mu Samaliya monse, ne monse mwapela ntanda.” (Byubilo 1:8) Baana ba bwanga baingijile uno mwingilo na mukoyo ne kuchinchika. Nangwa byonkabyo, mwingilo wabo mu Yelusalema wakatezhe bingi kabiji kino kyalengejile Setepena kumwipaya. Baana ba bwanga bavula ba kwa Yesu banyemejile mu muzhi wa Antioka mu Silya, muzhi mukatampe wa mu Bufumu bwa Bena Loma bwaikejile ku kabeta ka ku buyeke bwa Yelusalema palepele makilomita 550.—Byubilo 11:19.
Baana ba bwanga batwajijile kusapwila “mambo awama” aamba pe Yesu mu Antioka, ne bantu bavula babujile Bayudea baitabijile. (Byubilo 11:20, 21) Nangwa kya kuba bantu bavula mu Antioka baambanga Kingiliki, pangye ya uno muzhi ne mu kibunji bantu bavula baambanga Kisilya.
MAMBO AWAMA BEATUNTULWILE MU MULAKA WA KISILYA
Bena Kilishitu baambanga mulaka wa Kisilya byo bavujilengako mu myaka kitota kya bubiji, mambo awama akebewenga kwiatuntulula mu mulaka wabo. Onkao mambo, kyamweka kuba’mba Kisilya ye mulaka mutanshi ye batuntulwijilemo Binembelo bimo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu kechi Kilatini ne.
Mu 170 C.E., nembi wa Kisilya aye Tatian (120-173 C.E) wavwangile pamo mabuku a kine ana a Mambo Awama ne kwiatuntulula mu Kingiliki nangwa Kisilya, kwikala buku ye batelanga’mba Diatesalone, kyambo kya Kingiliki kilumbulula’mba “kupituluka mu Mambo Awama ana.” Palutwe kacheche, Ephraem mwina Silya (310-373 C.E.) waambilepo byambo bimo pa buku wa Diatesalone, kumwesha kuba’mba Bena Kilishitu bena Silya bamwingijishanga.
Ne atweba lelo jino, twafwainwa kukeba kuyuka byajinga uno buku wa Diatesalone. Mambo ka? Mu myaka kitota kya bu 19, bashayuka ba Baibolo bamo bakaine kuba’mba Mambo Awama kechi beanembele ku mpelo ya myaka kitota kya bubiji pakachi ka 130 C.E. ne 170 C.E., ne, kabiji amba kechi akonsha kwikala mashimikila a kine aamba pa bwikalo bwa kwa Yesu ne. Nangwa byonkabyo, manyusikilipiti a kala a buku wa Diatesalone o bataana amwesha’mba Mambo Awama anembele Mateo, Mako, Luka ne Yoano beengijishenga ku bantu bavula pa kyokya kimye mu myaka kitota kya bubiji. Ko kuba’mba beanembele kino kimye saka kikyangye kufika. Kabiji byo kiji kuba’mba Tatian byo anembelenga buku wa Diatesalone, kechi waingijishe mabuku ana a mambo awama abula a mu Baibolo ne, kyamweshatu patoka kuba’mba ano mabuku a Mambo Awama abula mu Baibolo, bantu beakaine’mba a bubela kabiji kechi a kine ne.
Ku ntendekelo ya myaka kitota kya butanu, Baibolo ye batuntulwile mu Kisilya batendekele kumwingijisha ku bantu bavula ku mpunzha ya ku kabeta ka ku buyeke bwa Mesopotamya. Byo bamutuntulwile mu myaka kitota kya bubiji ne kya busatu, uno Baibolo wajinga ne na mabuku onse a mu Baibolo kufumyakotu 2 Petelo, 2 ne 3 Yoano, Yuda ne Lumwekesho. Uno Baibolo bamutela’mba Peshita kulumbulula’mba “Watuntululwa bulongo nangwa’mba Wapela kumvwa.” Baibolo wa Peshita ke buku wa kala kabiji mutanwa binembelo bya mu Baibolo byo batuntulwile kala.
Manyusikilipiti umo wa Baibolo wa Peshita wanembelwe kutendeka mu 459 nangwa mu 460 C.E., kabiji wajinga manyusikilipiti wa kala wa Baibolo ye bayukile kimye kine kyo bamunembejilemo. Mu 508 C.E., Baibolo wa Peshita bamunembulwile ne kubikamo mabuku atanu abujilemo. Batendekele kumutela’mba Philoxenian.
MANYUSIKILIPITI AKWABO A BAIBOLO WA KISILYA BEATAAINE
Kufikatu ne mu myaka kitota kya bu 19, mabuku onse a Kingiliki a mu Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu ajingako ne mu myaka kitota kya butanu nangwa myaka bitota bya kulutwe. O ene mambo bashayuka ba Baibolo o batele muchima ku ma Baibolo atanshi nabiji Baibolo wa Vulgate wa mu Kilatini ne Baibolo wa Peshita wa Kisilya. Pa kyokya kimye, bamo bamwenenga’mba Baibolo wa Peshita wajinga Baibolo ye banembulwiletu kufuma ku Baibolo wa kala wa Kisilya. Pano bino, uno Baibolo wa kala kechi wayukanyikilwe ne. Byo kiji kuba’mba kuji bishinka bimo bibena kumwesha’mba Baibolo wa Kisilya bamunembele mu myaka kitota kya bubiji, waikala ke jishinda ja kuyukilamo binembelo bya mu Baibolo byo banembele kala, kabiji wakonsha kukwasha bashayuka ba Baibolo! Nanchi uno Baibolo wa kala wa Kisilya wajingako nyi? Wakonsha kutanwa nyi?
Ee koaji! Kabiji kwatainwe manyusikilipiti a Kisilya abiji o bakebelenga. Manyusikilipiti mutanshi ye bataaine wanembelwe mu myaka kitota kya butanu. Wajinga pa manyusikilipiti avula a Baibolo wa Kisilya o bataaine mu nzubo mo balamina bintu bya kishakulu mu kyalo kya mu Britain mu 1842 o bafumishe mu kishimikwa mwaikelenga banabalume ba bupopweshi babujile kusongola mu Kiselebwa kya Nitria mu Ijipita. Uno manyusikilipiti bamutelanga’mba Curetonian wa Kisilya mambo William Cureton wajinga wa kibiji walamanga manyusikilipiti mu nzubo mo balamina bintu bya kishakulu ye wamutaaine ne kumunemba. Mu uno manyusikilipiti ye bakebelenga mwajinga Mambo Awama ana o banembele mu ino ndonda, Mateo, Mako, Yoano ne Luka.
Manyusikilipiti wa bubiji ujiko ne lelo jino ke Sinaitic ye banembele mu Kisilya. Bamapasa bo twa kwambapo ku ntendekelo ya kino kibaba bo bataaine uno manyusikilipiti. Nangwa kya kuba ba Agnes kechi bafunjile kufika palepa ne, bayukile milaka ingi itanu na isatu kuvwangako ne Kisilya. Mu 1892, ba Agnes bataaine bintu byanema bingi mu kishimikwa mwaikalanga banabalume babujile kusongola yatelwanga’mba St. Catherine mu Ijipita.
Bataaine manyusikilipiti a Kisilya mu kibamba mwafita mo bafyanga bintu. Kwesakana na byo baambile, uno manyusikilipiti “watamine bingi pa kumutala, wajinga na ndochi ne mapepala nao ekwachile pamo na mambo a kwikala myaka yavula kwa kubula kwiazhikula.” Ke manyusikilipiti a kala o bafuchilemo binembelo bitanshi ne kunembulwilamo binembelo bya Kisilya byaambilenga pa banabakazhi ba bupopweshi bo banemeka. Pano bino, ba Agnes bamwene binembelo bimo munshi ne byambo bya mu “Mateo,” “Mako” nangwa “Luka,” peulu ya mapa. Balamine mu kuboko kwabo Baibolo wa Mambo Awama ana wa Kisilya ye balengele na mambanga! Lelo jino, bashayuka baswa kuba’mba uno Baibolo ye balengele na mambanga bamunembele ku mpelo ya myaka kitota kya buna.
Manyusikilipiti wa Sinaitic ye banembele mu Kisilya ke manyusikilipiti umo wanema wa mu Baibolo ye bataaine pamo na manyusikilipiti a Kingiliki a Codex Sinaiticus ne Codex Vaticanus. Bantu baswa kuba’mba manyusikilipiti a Curetonian ne Sinaitic koaji pa ma Baibolo a kala a Mambo Awama a Kisilya anembelwe ku mpelo ya myaka kitota kya bubiji nangwa ku ntendekelo ya myaka kitota kya busatu.
“BYAMBO BYA LESA WETU BIKEKALANGA MYAKA”
Nanchi ano manyusikilipiti akonsha kukwasha ne bafunda Baibolo lelo jino nyi? Ee, akonsha! Akimonai byambo byavula bya kupezhako bya Mambo Awama a Mako biji mu ma Baibolo amo kutendekela pa Mako 16:8. Bitanwa mu manyusikilipiti a Kingiliki a Codex Alexandrinus a mu myaka kitota kya butanu mu Baibolo wa Kilatini wa Vulgate ne mu ma Baibolo akwabotu. Nangwa byonkabyo, mu manyusikilipiti a kine a Kingiliki anembelwe mu myaka kitota kya buna ko kuba’mba Codex Sinaiticus ne Codex Vaticanus—onse apelela pa Mako 16:8. Manyusikilipiti wa Sinaitic ye banembele mu Kisilya naye kechi uji na bino byambo byalepa bya kupezhako ne, kino kyamwesha’mba bino byambo bebinungilekotu kabiji kechi byajinga mu ene Mambo Awama anembele Mako ne.
Akimonai kino kikwabo kyamwekele. Mu myaka kitota kya bu 19, ma Baibolo avula ajinga na bino byambo bikwabo bitundaika lufunjisho lwa kwitabila mu balesa basatu byo banungilepo pa 1 Yoano 5:7. Pano bino, bino byambo kechi bitanwa mu manyusikilipiti a kala a Kingiliki ne. Kabiji kechi bitanwa ne mu Baibolo wa Peshita ne, kino kimwesha’mba byambo bikwabo byo banungilepo pa 1 Yoano 5:7 kechi bitanwa mu Baibolo ne.
Yehoba Lesa walama Byambo byanji Byazhila byonkatu byo alayile. Mu byambo byanji witulaya’mba: “Nsono yuma, ne maluba akyukyuka; pakuba byambo bya Lesa wetu bikekalanga myaka.” (Isaya 40:8; 1 Petelo 1:25) Baibolo utelwa’mba Peshita wanema bingi kabiji wakwasha kutuntulula bulongo byambo bya mu Baibolo ku bantu bonse.