Abakristaayo Abaasooka Tebaasinza Bakatonda ba Rooma
Abakristaayo Abaasooka Tebaasinza Bakatonda ba Rooma
MU BBALUWA gye yawandiikira Empula wa Rooma Trajan, Pliny Younger, eyali gavana wa Bisuniya, yagamba nti: “Kino kye nsazeewo okukola abo abavunaanibwa omusango gw’okuba Abakristaayo. Mbabuuza obanga bakyayagala okusigala nga Bakristaayo, bwe bakkiriza, mbabuuza omulundi ogw’okubiri n’ogw’okusatu nga bwe mbategeeza ekiyinza okubaviiramu. Bwe baagana okukyusa endowooza yaabwe, ng’olwo ndagira battibwe.” Ate abo abeegaana Obukristaayo ne bavumirira Kristo era ne bakkiriza okusinza ekifaananyi kya empula n’ebifaananyi bya bakatonda abalala, Pliny bye yali aleese mu kkooti, yawandiika nti: “Nnakiraba nga kyali kituufu okubaleka bagende.”
Abakristaayo abaasooka bayigganyizibwa nnyo olw’okugaana okusinza empula n’ebifaananyi bya bakatonda ab’enjawulo. Ate kyali kitya ku madiini amalala agaali mu bwakabaka bwa Rooma? Bakatonda ki abaasinzibwanga, era Abaruumi baabatwalanga batya? Lwaki Abakristaayo baayigganyizibwanga olw’okugaana okuwaayo ssaddaaka eri bakatonda b’e Rooma? Okufuna eby’okuddamu mu bibuuzo bino kijja kutuyamba okwolekagana n’embeera ezifaananako ng’ezo mu kiseera kyaffe ezitwetaagisa okusigala nga tuli beesigwa eri Yakuwa.
Amadiini Agaali mu Bwakabaka
Olw’okuba obwakabaka bwa Rooma bwalimu abantu ab’ennimi n’obuwangwa eby’enjawulo, ne bakatonda abaasinzibwanga baali bangi. Wadde ng’Abaruumi baali tebategeera bulungi ddiini ya Kiyudaaya, baagiyitanga religio licita, ekitegeeza eddiini entongole. Abayudaaya baasaddakanga endiga biri n’ente ennume ku lwa Kayisaali ne ku lw’eggwanga lya Rooma emirundi ebiri buli lunaku mu yeekaalu e Yerusaalemi. Ka kibe nti ssaddaaka ezo ezaaweebwangayo zaasanyusanga katonda omu oba bangi, ekyo Abaruumi tebaakifangako. Kye baatwalanga ng’ekikulu kwe kuba nti ekyo Abayudaaya kye baakolanga kyalaganga nti bagondera obufuzi bwa Rooma.
Okusinza ebifaananyi okw’engeri ezitali zimu kwali kubunye nnyo mu madiini mangi agaali mu bwakabaka obwo. Enjigiriza z’Abayonaani zaali zibunye buli wamu era nga n’eby’obusamize bicaase nnyo. Amadiini mangi agaasibuka Ebuvanjuba gaasuubizanga abagoberezi baago obutafa, okufuna okwolesebwa, era n’okutuukirira bakatonda okuyitira mu ngeri ezaali zitategeerekeka bulungi. Amadiini gano gaabuna mu bwakabaka bwonna. Muno mwe mwali okusinza katonda w’Abamisiri ayitibwa Serapis ne katonda omukazi Isis, katonda w’ebyennyanja omukazi ow’Abasuuli
ayitibwa Atargatis, ne katonda w’enjuba ow’Abaperusi ayitibwa Mithra, abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo mu byasa ebyasooka mu mbala eno (E. E.).Ekitabo ky’Ebikolwa kiraga bulungi nti Abakristaayo abasooka baali beetooloddwa abantu abaali basinza ebifaananyi. Ng’ekyokulabirako, omusajja Omuruumi ow’essaza lya Kupulo yali wamu n’Omuyudaaya eyali omulogo. (Bik. 13:6, 7) Nga bali mu Lusitula, Pawulo ne Balunabba baabatwala okuba bakatonda b’Abayonaani Kerume ne Zewu. (Bik. 14:11-13) Pawulo bwe yali mu Firipi, yasanga omuzaana eyali omulaguzi. (Bik. 16:16-18) Bwe yali mu Asene, omutume oyo yakiraba nti abantu b’omu kibuga ekyo baali ‘batya nnyo bakatonda okusinga abantu abalala bonna.’ Mu kibuga ekyo kyennyini era yalabamu ekyoto ekyali kiwandiikiddwako nti, “Kya Katonda Atamanyiddwa.” (Bik. 17:22, 23) Abantu b’omu Efeso baasinzanga katonda omukazi Atemi. (Bik. 19:1, 23, 24, 34) Abantu b’oku kizinga ky’e Merita baayita Pawulo katonda olw’okuba teyafuna kizibu kyonna ng’omusota gumubojjeza. (Bik. 28:3-6) Mu mbeera ng’eyo, Abakristaayo baali balina okufuba ennyo okwewala ebintu byonna ebyali biyinza okwonoona okusinza okw’amazima.
Eddiini y’Abaruumi
Obwakabaka bwabwe bwe bwagenda bweyongera okugaziwa, Abaruumi bakkiriza okusinza bakatonda ab’amawanga amalala nga bakitwala nti be bakatonda be baali bamanyi, naye nga bali mu ngeri za njawulo. Obwakabaka obwo gye bwakoma okubaamu amawanga amangi, n’eddiini y’Abaruumi gye yakoma okubaamu bakatonda abangi. Eddiini y’Abaruumi yali teyeetaagisa bantu kubaako katonda omu gwe basinza. Abantu baali ba ddembe okusinza bakatonda ab’enjawulo.
Abaruumi baalina katonda waabwe Jupiter gwe baayitanga Optimus Maximus, ekitegeeza oyo asinga bakatonda abalala. Kyalowoozebwanga nti yeeyolekeranga mu mbuyaga, mu nkuba, mu kumyansa, ne mu kubwatuka kw’eggulu. Jupiter yalina mwannyina, Juno, eyatwalibwanga okuba n’akakwate n’omwezi, era nti ye yakolanga ku nsonga zonna ezikwata ku bulamu bw’abakazi. Muwala wa Jupiter, Minerva, yali katonda omukazi ow’ebintu ebikolebwa n’emikono, emirimu egy’ekikugu, n’entalo.
Abaruumi baalina bakatonda bangi nnyo. Lares ne Penates be baakolanga ku nsonga z’amaka. Vesta yali katonda omukazi ow’ebyoto. Janus
eyalina obwenyi obubiri, ye yali katonda w’entandikwa. Buli mulimu ogwakolebwanga gwaliko katonda waagwo. Abaruumi baalina ne bakatonda abalala abaakolanga ku bintu ebirala. Ng’ekyokulabirako, Pax yakolanga ku mirembe, Salus yakolanga ku by’obulamu, Pudicitia yakolanga ku by’empisa, Fides yakolanga ku nsonga z’obwesigwa, Voluptas yakolanga ku by’amasanyu, ne Virtus abantu gwe baasabanga okubawa obuvumu. Buli kimu Abaruumi kye baakolanga baakitwalanga nti kyalinanga okukolebwa nga bakatonda baabwe bwe baagala. N’olwekyo, okusobola okutuuka ku buwanguzi mu kintu kyonna kye baakolanga, katonda akwataganyizibwa n’ekintu ekyo yalinanga okusooka okusanyusibwa, nga bamusaba, nga bawaayo ssaddaaka, era nga bakola n’emikolo gyonna egyagenderangako.Engeri emu mwe baategeereranga bakatonda kye baagala kwe kukola eby’obulaguzi. Kino okusingira ddala baakikolanga nga beekenneenya ebitundu by’omunda eby’ensolo ezaaweebwangayo nga ssaddaaka. Kyalowoozebwanga nti endabika y’ebitundu ebyo yalaganga obanga bakatonda baabanga basiimye ekyo ekyabanga kigenda okukolebwa.
Ekyasa eky’okubiri E.E.T. (Embala Eno Tennatandika) we kyaggweerako, Abaruumi baali batandise okukitwala nti bakatonda baabwe abakulu baali tebaawukana ku bakatonda b’Abayonaani abamu, gamba nga Jupiter ne Zewu, Juno ne Hera. Abaruumi era bakkiriza n’enjigiriza ezaakwataganyizibwanga n’okusinza bakatonda b’Abayonaani. Enjigiriza ezo zaafeebyanga bakatonda abo nga ziraga nti baalina obunafu ng’obw’abantu. Ng’ekyokulabirako, Zewu yayogerwako ng’eyakwatanga abakazi n’abaana. Enjigiriza ezo zaaleetera abantu abaasinzanga bakatonda abo nabo okwenyigira mu bikolwa ng’ebyo.
Abantu abayivu bangi tebamalanga gakkiriza njigiriza ng’ezo. Abamu baazitwalanga ng’engero obugero. Kirabika eyo ye nsonga lwaki Pontiyo Piraato yabuuza nti, “Amazima kye ki?” (Yok. 18:38) Ekibuuzo ekyo kyoleka “endowooza abayivu bangi gye baalina nti tekisoboka kutegeerera ddala mazima.”
Okusinza Empula
Okusinza empula kwatandikira mu bufuzi bwa Agusito (27 E.E.T. okutuuka mu 14 E.E.). Abayonaani bangi abaali mu masaza g’Ebuvanjuba baatwalanga Agusito ng’omufuzi ow’ekitalo olw’okuba yali aleeseewo enkulaakulana n’emirembe oluvannyuma lw’entalo ezaali zibaddewo okumala ebbanga ddene. Abantu baali baagala omuntu gwe balabako eyandibawadde obukuumi obw’olubeerera. Baali baagala obufuzi obwandimazeewo enjawukana mu madiini era obwandigasse abantu mu nsi yonna wansi “w’omulokozi” oyo. N’ekyavaamu, abantu baatandika okutwala empula nga katonda.
Wadde nga Agusito teyakkiriza kuyitibwa katonda, yali ayagala Rooma etwalibwe nga katonda omukazi, Roma Dea, era esinzibwe. Kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe, Agusito yalangirirwa okuba katonda. Omwoyo gwa ggwanga n’okusinza empula byatwalibwanga ng’ekintu ekikulu mu bwakabaka obwo bwonna. Okusinza empula kwabuna mu masaza gonna, era kwali ng’akabonero akalaga nti abantu bassa ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka obwo.
Domitian, eyafuga okuva mu 81 okutuuka mu 96 E.E., ye empula wa Rooma eyasooka okulagira abantu okumusinza. Mu kiseera we yatandikira okufuga, Abaruumi baali bamaze okutegeera enjawulo eyali wakati w’Abakristaayo n’Abayudaaya, ekyabaleetera okuwakanya eddiini gye baali bayita empya. Kirabika mu kiseera ky’obufuzi bwa Domitian omutume Yokaana mwe yawaŋŋangusirizibwa ku kizinga ekiyitibwa Patumo “olw’okuwa obujulirwa ku Yesu.”—Kub. 1:9.
Yokaana yawandiika ekitabo ky’Okubikkulirwa ng’ali mu busibe. Ng’ali eyo, yayogera ku Antipa, Omukristaayo eyattirwa mu Perugamo, ekifo ekikulu gye baasinzizanga empula. (Kub. 2:12, 13) Kirabika mu kiseera ekyo, obwakabaka bwa Rooma bwali butandise okulagira Abakristaayo okwenyigira mu kusinza okwo. Ka kibe nga kyali bwe kityo oba nedda, omwaka gwa 112 E.E. we gwatuukira, Pliny yali atandise okulagira Abakristaayo mu Bisuniya okwenyigira mu kusinza ng’okwo nga bwe kiragibwa mu bigambo bye yawandiikira Trajan ebiri ku ntandikwa y’ekitundu kino.
Trajan yasiima nnyo Pliny olw’engeri gye yakwatangamu ensonga ezaatwalibwanga gyali era bw’atyo yakkiriziganya naye nti Abakristaayo abandigaanye okusinza bakatonda b’Abaruumi battibwe. Trajan yawandiika nti, “Naye singa omuntu yeegaana Obukristaayo, era n’akiraga lwatu nti mwetegefu okusinza bakatonda baffe, asaanidde okusonyiyibwa.”
Abaruumi baali tebategeera nsonga lwaki eddiini yonna yandikubirizza abagoberezi baayo okusinza katonda omu yekka. Bwe kiba nti bakatonda b’Abaruumi baali tebakyetaaga, lwaki ye Katonda w’Abakristaayo yali ekyetaaga? Kyatwalibwanga nti okusinza bakatonda b’Abaruumi kyali kitegeeza kussa kitiibwa mu bwakabaka obwo. N’olwekyo okugaana okusinza bakatonda abo, kyatwalibwanga ng’okulya mu bwakabaka obwo olukwe. Nga Pliny bwe yakizuula oluvannyuma, tewali kintu kyonna kye yali asobola kukola kuleetera Bakristaayo abasinga obungi okwekkiriranya. Eri Abakristaayo okwenyigira mu kusinza ng’okwo, kyandiraze obutali bwesigwa eri Yakuwa. Bwe kityo abasinga obungi bakkiriza okuttibwa mu kifo ky’okusinza empula.
Lwaki kino kikulu nnyo gye tuli leero? Mu nsi ezimu, abantu basuubirwa okussa ekitiibwa eky’ensusso mu bubonero bw’eggwanga. Ng’Abakristaayo ab’amazima, tussa ekitiibwa mu b’obuyinza. (Bar. 13:1) Kyokka bwe kituuka ku mikolo egizingiramu okukozesa bendera y’eggwanga, tukijjukira nti Yakuwa Katonda yekka y’agwanidde okusinzibwa era nti Ekigambo kye kitukubiriza ‘okudduka okusinza ebifaananyi’ era ‘n’okwekuuma ebifaananyi.’ (1 Kol. 10:14; 1 Yok. 5:21; Nak. 1:2) Yesu yagamba nti: “Yakuwa Katonda wo gw’olina okusinza era ye yekka gw’olina okuweereza.” (Luk. 4:8) N’olwekyo, ka tube bamalirivu okweyongera okuba abeesigwa eri Katonda gwe tusinza.
[Ebigambo ebisimbuddwa mu kitundu ekiri ku lupapula 5]
Abakristaayo ab’amazima basinza Yakuwa yekka
[Ebifaananyi ebiri ku lupapula 3]
Abakristaayo abaasooka baagaana okusinza empula oba ebifaananyi bya bakatonda
Empula Domitian
Zewu
[Ensibuko y’Ebifaananyi]
Emperor Domitian: Todd Bolen/Bible Places.com; Zeus: Photograph by Todd Bolen/Bible Places.com, taken at Archaeological Museum of Istanbul
[Ekifaananyi ekiri ku lupapula 4]
Abakristaayo mu Efeso baagaana okusinza katonda omukazi Atemi.—Bik. 19:23-41