Bua tshinyi bakakengesha “Bena muntu ba mu Pologne”?

Mu tshidimu tshia 1638, ba-tshipuita-munua-mfuanka ba mu ditunga dia Pologne bakakengesha bikole tshitendelelu tshikese tshibikila ne: Bena muntu ba mu Pologne. Bakupula tshitanda ne kunyangakaja tshiamu tshia dipatula natshi mikanda tshia tshisumbu etshi. Bakakanga tulasa tua Iniversite wa Raków ne kuipata balongeshi bavuamu.

Kunyima kua bidimu 20, ba-tshipuita-munua-mfuanka e kuenzabu bualu bukuabu. Bakambila bantu bonso ba mu tshisumbu etshi (bavua mua kuikala batue ku 10 000 peshi kupita apu) bua bumbuke mu ditunga. Bua tshinyi malu akakola nunku mu ditunga divuabu bangata tshikondo atshi bu divua dipite makuabu onso a ku Mputu mu malu a budikadidi bua ntendelelu? Ntshinyi tshivua Bena muntu ba mu Pologne benze bua buobu kubakengesha bikole nenku?

BIONSO biakatuadija pakajuka dikokangana mu Ekeleziya wa bena Mishonyi ya Calvin ba mu ditunga dia Pologne. Bualu bunene buakajudija dikokangana edi ndilongesha dia Busatu Bunsantu. Balombodi ba kasumbu ka baleji ba malongesha mapiamapia mu ekeleziya bakabenga dilongesha edi bamba ne: ki ndia mu Bible nansha. Bualu ebu buakapesha balombodi ba ekeleziya tshiji, ne buakafikisha bena mu kasumbu ka baleji ba malongesha mapiamapia ku diditapulula ne tshisumbu etshi.

Bena Calvin bakabikila badiabuludi aba ne: bena Arius, * kadi bena mu tshisumbu etshi tshipiatshipia bavua basue kudibikila ne: Bena Kristo anyi Bena muntu ba mu Pologne. Bakababikila kabidi ne: bena Socin kunyima kua tshikondo tshia Lélius Socin wa mu ditunga dia Italie uvua mulondi wa mayisha a Servet, pakavua Fauste Socin muana wa muanabu mumane kuya ku Pologne ne muende lumu mu tshisumbu etshi.

Tshikondo atshi, munene kampanda wa mu Pologne, diende Jan Sienieński, wakakeba kupesha ekeleziya eu mupiamupia tshiakabikilaye ne: “muaba mutalale wa pa nkaya” wa buobu kuenzela mudimu wabu. Bu muvuaye ne bukenji bua pa buabu buvua mukalenge wa mu Pologne mumupeshe, Sienieński wakasa tshimenga tshia Raków, tshiakalua pashishe nshindamenu wa malongesha a bena Socin mu Pologne. Sienieński wakapesha bena mu tshimenga tshia Raków budikadidi mu malu a bungi, ne budikadidi bua kutendelela kakuyi dibatatshisha.

Bena midimu ya bianza, ba-minganga, benji ne basumbishi ba manga, bena ditunga ne banene ba mu bitendelelu bishilangane bakasanka bikole bua tshimenga atshi tshipiatshipia. Kabidi banene bakuabu ba bungi bakaluamu bafumina mu ditunga dia Pologne, dia Lithuanie, Transylvanie, France ne nansha mene mu ditunga dia Angleterre. Kadi bantu aba bonso bakaluamu kabavua bitaba malongesha a bena Socin to; nunku mu bidimu bisatu biakalonda, kumbukila mu 1569 too ne mu 1572, tshimenga tshia Raków tshiakashala muaba wa makokangana kaayi ndekelu a malu a Nzambi. Ntshinyi tshiakenzeka?

Nzubu mupanduluke

Tshisumbu tshia bena Socin nkayatshi tshiakapanduluka: ku lumue luseke kuvua bavua balamate malongesha mashintulula ne ku lukuabu, bavua kabayi batambe kushintulula malongesha abu. Nansha muvuabu batapulukangane, malongesha a muomumue avuabu nawu avua masunguluke. Bavua babenge Busatu Bunsantu, ntambu ya bana batekete; pa tshibidilu kabavua babuela mu busalayi to, ne misangu  mivule kabavua batamba kuenza mudimu mu mbulamatadi to. * Bavua kabidi bamba ne: kakutu muaba wa makenga mubikila ne: Inferno nansha. Mu malu onso aa, kabavua balonda bilele bia bena bitendelelu bivua bitangalake to.

Balombodi ba bena Mishonyi ya Calvin ne bena Katolike bakatuadija kuluisha tshisumbu etshi bikole, kadi banene bena Socin bakatangalaja malongesha abu bu muvuaku budikadidi bua ntendelelu buvua bakalenge ba mu Pologne bu mudi Sigismond II Auguste ne Stephen Báthory batumina bantu dîyi bua kubunemeka.

Mudimu wakenza Budny wakashintulula malu

Bible uvua bena Calvin bakudimune ne uvua mutangalake bikole kavua usankisha babadi bavule to. Kabavua benze mudimu ne miakulu ya ntuadijilu bua kumukudimuna to, uvua mukudimuna bilondeshile Bible wa Vulgate wa mu Latin ne Bible wa mu Mfualansa uvuaku tshikondo atshi. Mukanda kampanda udi wamba ne: “Bua kulengeja mfundilu, bakabenga kulonda ne kuleja malu mushindu uvuawu.” Bakabuejamu bilema bia bungi. Ke bua tshinyi bakalomba Szymon Budny, mukonkononyi wa malu a mu Bible muende lumu, bua kulongolola bilema bivua mu Bible eu. Wakaleja ne: kupatula Bible mujima mupiamupia kuvua kupepele kupita kulongolola bilema bivua mu wa kale. Budny wakaditua mu mudimu au bu mu tshidimu tshia 1567.

Pavuaye wenda ukudimuna Bible, Budny uvua ukonkonona muaku wonso ne tunungu tuawu mushindu uvua muntu mukuabu nansha umue kayi muanji kuenza mu Pologne. Muaba uvua Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu imutatshisha bua kukudimuna, uvua uleja nkudimuinu wa ku muaku ku muaku kumpenga kua dibeji ufila mumvuija a mu tshikoso. Pavuaku mushindu, uvua upatula miaku mipiamipia ne wakafunda tshiena-Pologne tshipepele tshivua bantu bakula mu tshikondo atshi. Kipatshila kende kavua ka ne: bantu bapete Bible mujalame, mukudimuna ne lulamatu.

Bible wakakudimuna Budny wakapatuka mu 1572. Kadi bantu bakapatula Bible eu bakashintulula nkudimuinu wa Budny wa Mifundu ya tshiena-Greke. Budny kakateketa mu mikolo to, wakaditua mu difundulula Bible mukuabu, e kumujikijaye kunyima kua bidimu bibidi. Bible mulenga wakakudimuna Budny wa Mifundu ya tshiena-Greke uvua mupite Bible ya tshiena-Pologne ivuaku kumpala. Uvua kabidi ne dîna dia Nzambi (Yehowa) miaba ya bungi.

Ku ndekelu kua lukama lua bidimu lua 16 (peshi siekele wa 16) ne mu bidimu makumi asatu bia mu lukama lua bidimu lua 17, Tshimenga tshia Raków, tshiende lumu bua tshisumbu etshi, tshiakalua nsangilu wa bitendelelu ne wa mamanya. Balombodi ne bafundi ba mikanda ba mu Bena muntu ba mu Pologne bavua bapatulamu trakte ne mikanda.

Bakakankamija bantu bua kulonga

Mudimu wa dipatula mikanda uvua Bena muntu ba mu Pologne benza wakatuadija kuya kumpala bikole bu mu 1600 pakasabu tshiamu tshia dipatula natshi mikanda mu Raków. Tshiamu etshi tshivua tshipatula tukanda tukese ne mikanda minene mu miakulu ya bungi. Bu muvua Raków muikale muaba munene uvuabu bapatuila mikanda, tshimenga etshi tshiakalua mumue ne bimenga bia ku Mputu bikuabu mu dipatula dia mikanda. Badi bamba ne: mu bidimu 40 biakalonda, bakapatula mikanda 200 ku tshiamu atshi. Tshiapu tshivua tshienza mabeji pabuipi apu, tshia Bena muntu ba mu Pologne, tshivua tshipatula mabeji mimpe matambe a kuenza nawu mikanda ayi.

Mpindieu Bena muntu ba mu Pologne kumonabu ne: bivua bikengela kulongesha bena kuitabuja nabu ne bakuabu bantu. Ke bua tshinyi bakasa tulasa tua Iniversite wa Raków mu 1602. Bana ba Bena muntu ba mu Pologne, ne bana ba bena Katolike ne ba bena Mishonyi bavua balongamu. Nansha muvuabu balongesha malu a Nzambi mu iniversite eu, kuvua kabidi malongesha makuabu. Bavua balongeshamu kabidi miakulu ya ku ba-bende, malu a nsombelu wa tshitembu, malu a mpetu, malu a kale, mikenji, dimanya mua kunana lungenyi, mamanya a bintu bia mu bufuki, makumi, malu a ba-minganga ne dibidija mubidi. Iniversite eu uvua ne tshilaminu tshinene tshia mikanda tshiakatungunuka ne kudiunda bualu tshiamu tshia dipatula natshi mikanda tshivua mu tshimenga atshi.

Patuakabuela mu lukama lua bidimu lua 17, biakamueneka ne: Bena muntu ba mu Pologne bavua mua kutungunuka ne kuya kumpala. Kadi malu akanyanguka.

Mvita pankatshi pa ekeleziya ne mbulamatadi

Zbigniew Ogonowski wa mu Tshilongelu tshia Malu a mamanya mu Pologne udi umvuija ne: “Ku ndekelu kua bidimu makumi asatu bia mu lukama lua bidimu lua 17, nsombelu wa bena Arius mu Pologne wakatuadija kunyanguka ne lukasa.” Biakenzeka nanku bualu bamfumu ba bena Katolike bakabanga  kuenza muabu muonso bua kubaluisha. Bamfumu aba bakenza mudimu ne mishindu yonso ivuaku, ne dishiminyinangana dia malu ne bibanda-banda bifunda mu mikanda bua kunyanga lumu lua Bena muntu ba mu Pologne. Dishintuluka dia malu a tshididi diakenzeka mu Pologne ke diakafila njila bua kuluisha tshisumbu etshi. Sigismund III Vasa, mukalenge mupiamupia wa mu Pologne, uvua muluishi wa Bena muntu ba mu Pologne. Bakalenge bakamupingana, nangananga John II Casimir Vasa, bakatua ku tshia bena Katolike mu madikolela avuabu benza bua kuluisha Bena muntu ba mu Pologne.

Malu akatamba kubipa pakambabu ne: bamue balongi ba mu Iniversite wa Raków bavua bapepeje nkuruse. Bakalambakena pa bualu ebu bua kubutula tshimenga tshivua nshindamenu wa Bena muntu ba mu Pologne. Bakafunda muena Iniversite wa Raków ku kabadi ka ba-tshipuita-munua-mfuanka bamba muvuaye ‘umuangalaja bubi’ bualu uvua wambuluisha Iniversite wa mu Raków ne tshiamu tshia dipatula natshi mikanda tshivuamu. Bakabanda Bena muntu ba mu Pologne ne: bavua baluisha mbulamatadi, ne bavua baditue mu buenzavi ne mu buendenda. Ba-tshipuita-munua-mfuanka bakapangadija bua kukanga Iniversite wa mu Raków ne bua kupula tshitanda tshia Bena muntu ba mu Pologne ne kunyangakaja tshiamu tshiabu tshia dipatula natshi mikanda. Bakambila bena kuitabuja bua kumbuka mu tshimenga atshi. Bakipata balongeshi ba mu Iniversite mu ditunga edi, tshianana bavua babakosela tshibawu tshia lufu. Bamue Bena muntu ba mu Pologne bakaya miaba bu mudi mu tshimenga tshia Silésie ne Slovaquie bua kuepuka lufu.

Mu 1658 ba-tshipuita-munua-mfuanka bakatuma dîyi bua ne: Bena muntu ba mu Pologne basumbishe bintu biabu ne bumbuke mu ditunga, bapingane anu kunyima kua bidimu bisatu. Pashishe, bakakepesha bungi abu kushiya bidimu bibidi. Muntu yonso uvua ushala wamba muvuaye ulonda malongesha a bantu aba bavua bamushipa.

Bamue balongi ba Socin bakasombela mu ditunga dia Pays-Bas, muakatungunukabu ne midimu yabu ya dipatula mikanda. Tshisumbu tshiabu tshimue tshiakashala mu Transylvanie too ne ku mbangilu kua lukama lua bidimu lua 18. Mu bisangilu bivuabu benza misangu isatu ku lumingu, bavua bimba misambu, bateleja miyuki, babala kakanda ka kateshisme kavuabu bafunde bua kumvuija malongesha abu. Bua kulama bukezuke bua tshisumbu, bavua babela bena kuitabuja, babadimuija ne bavua babipata mu tshisumbu tshiabu pavuabi bikengela kuenza nanku.

Bena muntu ba mu Pologne bavua balongi ba Dîyi dia Nzambi. Bakasokolola amue malelela a mushinga mukole ne kabakelakana bua kuamanyisha bantu bakuabu to. Kadi ndekelu wa bionso bakatangalaka ku Mputu ne kubakolelabi menemene bua kulama buobumue buabu. Panyima, Bena muntu ba mu Pologne bakajimina.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 23]

Nzubu uvua wa munene kampanda mulondi wa Socin

[Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 23]

Kulu: Raków lelu’eu; ku dia balume kudi nzubu wa badiambike muasa mu 1650 bua kujimija kalu konso ka “malongesha a Arius”; kuinshi: Bamfumu ba bena Katolike bakasa nkuruse muaba eu bua kukeba ndululu ne Bena muntu ba mu Pologne

[Mêyi a dianyisha bua tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 21]

Tshizubu tshia Biblia nieświeska wa Szymon Budny, mu 1572