Ndaku munda

Ndaku ku tshikebelu

Newikale mu bukua-panu bupiabupia anyi?

Newikale mu bukua-panu bupiabupia anyi?

Newikale mu bukua-panu bupiabupia anyi?

‘Kakuena bualu buimpe bu kusanka ne kuenza malu mimpe matuku onso patshidi muntu ne muoyo. Muntu yonso adie biende, anue biende, asanke biende mu midimu yende yonso, bua eku nkupa kua Nzambi.’​—MUAMBI 3:12, 13.

1. Bua tshinyi tudi mua kuikala ne dishindika bua malu enzeka mu matuku atshilualua?

 BANTU ba bungi badi bela meji ne: Nzambi Wa-Bukole-Buonso mmuntu wa dîsu dikole ne mmuena malu makole. Kadi Dîyi diende difundisha ku nyuma didi dileja mudi mêyi adi kuulu aa malelela. Adi apetangana ne tshidiye: “Nzambi wa disanka” wakateka baledi betu ba kumpala mu mparadizu pa buloba. (1 Timote 1:11, NW; Genese 2:7-9) Patudi tukeba kumvua malu adi Nzambi mulaye bua kuenzela bantu bende matuku atshilualua, katuena ne bua kukema bua kumvua ne: nekuikale malu atupesha disanka dia kashidi.

2. Ng’amue malu kayi audi mutekemene mu matuku atshilualua?

2 Mu tshiena-bualu tshishale, tudi bamone isatu ya ku mvese inayi ya mu Bible idi yakula bua ‘diulu dipiadipia ne buloba bupiabupia.’ (Yeshaya 65:17) Bumue bua ku malu aa a kueyemena adibu bamanyishe mu mvese ayi budi mu Buakabuluibua 21:1. Mvese idi ilonda idi yakula bua tshikondo tshikala Nzambi Wa-Bukole-Buonso mua kulengeja malu pa buloba bua kashidi. Neakupule binsonji bia kanyinganyinga. Bantu kabakufua kabidi bukulakaje, masama anyi kufua bua njiwu kampanda nansha. Madilu, miadi ne tunyinganyinga nebijimine. Edi Nditekemena kayipu dilenga! Kadi tudiku mua kuikala bashindike bua se: malu aa neakumbane anyi? Ne ntshinyi tshidi ditekemena edi mua kutuenzela kubangila ku mpindieu?

Malu adi atupesha dishindika

3. Bua tshinyi tudi ne bua kueyemena milayi ya mu Bible idi itangila matuku atshilualua?

3 Tangila mudi Buakabuluibua 21:5 utungunuka ne kumvuija. Mu mvese eu badi baleja Nzambi musombe pa nkuasa wa butumbi mu diulu, wamba ne: ‘Mona, ndi mvuija bintu bionso bipiabipia.’ Mulayi eu mmuimpe kupita dimanyisha kayi dionso dia dipanda dia ditunga, mêyi onso a manême a bantu adiku lelu peshi bualu kayi buonso budi bantu bapangadije bua kuenza mu matuku atshilualua. Mmêyi atudi ne bua kutamba kueyemena a Muntu udi Bible wamba ne: ‘katu mua kudinga.’ (Tito 1:2) Bumue udi mua kuela meji ne: katuena dijinga ne bualu bukuabu bua kusakidila, tushale anu balame ditekemena edi dilenga ne tueyemene Nzambi. Kadi ki nkujika to. Tudi ne malu a bungi a kulonga adi atangila matuku atshilualua.

4, 5. Mmilayi kayi ya mu Bible itukadi bamone idi ikolesha dishindika ditudi nadi bua malu atshidi alua kumpala?

4 Vuluka malu adi tshiena-bualu tshishale tshiumvuije bua kuleja mudi milayi ya mu Bible ya diulu dipiadipia ne buloba bupiabupia mikale milelela. Yeshaya wakamanyisha bua ndongoluelu eu mupiamupia, ne mulayi wende eu wakakumbana pakapingana bena Yuda mu ditunga diabu ne kujadikabu tshiakabidi ntendelelu mulelela. (Ezela 1:1-3; 2:1, 2; 3:12, 13) Mmumue ne: au ke malu onso avua mulayi wa Yeshaya umanyisha anyi? Tòo! Malu akamanyishaye avua ne bua kukumbana mu tshitupa tshialabale mu matuku atshivua alua kumpala. Bua tshinyi tudi tuamba nanku? Bua malu atudi tubala mu 2 Petelo 3:13 ne mu Buakabuluibua 21:1-5. Mvese eyi idi yakula bua diulu dipiadipia ne buloba bupiabupia biatuadila bena Kristo ba buloba bujima masanka.

5 Anu mutuvua bamone, mêyi aa “diulu dipiadipia ne buloba bupiabupia” adi mu Bible misangu inayi. Tukadi bamone isatu ya kudiyi ne bapete malu adi atukolesha. Nanku Bible udi umanyisha ne: Nzambi neumbushe bubi ne malu makuabu adi akeba makenga, ne pashishe neabeneshe bantu mu bukua-panu bupiabupia budiye mulaye.

6. Mulayi muinayi wa ‘diulu dipiadipia ne buloba bupiabupia’ udi wamba tshinyi?

6 Mpindieu tukonkononayi muaba wa ndekelu udibu batele mêyi aa ‘diulu dipiadipia ne buloba bupiapia’ mu Yeshaya 66:22-24: ‘Bu mudi diulu dipiadipia ne buloba bupiabupia bindi ngenza bishala kumpala kuanyi, mmudi Yehowa wamba, mbu mudi tunkanunuina tuenu ne dîna dienu bishala. Ku ngondo mutekete too ne ku ngondo mutekete mukuabu, ne ku [nsabatu] umue too ne ku [nsabatu] mukuabu, bantu bonso nebalue kutendelela kumpala kuanyi, mmudi Yehowa wamba. Nebalopoke, nebatangile bitalu bia bantu bakuntombokela; bualu bua bikusu biabu kabiena bifua, kapia kabu kakena kajima, ne bobu nebikale bintu bidi bantu bonso bapetula.’

7. Bua tshinyi tudi mua kuamba ne: mêyi a mu Yeshaya 66:22-24 neakumbane mu matuku atshilualua?

7 Mulayi eu wakakumbana pakapingana bena Yuda mu ditunga diabu, kadi uvua ne bua kukumbana kabidi. Uvua ne bua kukumbana nunku’eu bidimu bia bungi kunyima kua bamane kufunda mukanda muibidi wa Petelo ne wa Buakabuluibua, bualu mikanda eyi yakakula bua “diulu dipiadipia ne buloba bupiabupia” bitshidi bilua. Tudi mua kutekemena bua kumona muakumbana mulayi eu bua kashidi mu bukua-panu bupiabupia. Tangila amue masanka atudi mua kutekemena.

8, 9. (a) Mmu mushindu kayi muikala bantu ba Nzambi mua ‘kushala’? (b) Mulayi wa se: basadidi ba Yehowa nebatendelele ‘ku ngondo mutekete too ne ku ngondo mutekete mukuabu ne ku nsabatu umue too ne ku nsabatu mukuabu’ udi umvuija tshinyi?

8 Buakabuluibua 21:4 udi wamba ne: lufu kaluakuikalaku kabidi to. Yeshaya nshapita wa 66 udi ujadika bualu ebu. Mvese wa 22 udi utuleja mudi Yehowa mumanye ne: diulu dipiadipia ne buloba bupiabupia ki mbia tshitupa tshîpi anyi bia matuku makese to. Kabidi, bantu bende nebikale anu ne muoyo; ‘nebashale’ kumpala kuende. Malu akadi Nzambi muenzele bantu badiye musungule adi atupesha dishindika. Mbakengeshe bena Kristo balelela ne tshikisu, ne mbenze madikolela bua kubajimija bonso pa buloba. (Yone 16:2; Bienzedi 8:1) Bushuwa, nansha baluishi banene ba bantu ba Nzambi, bu mudi Mukalenge Néron wa mu Lomo ne Adolf Hitler, kabakapeta mushindu wa kushipa bena lulamatu bonso ba Nzambi badi ne dîna diende nansha. Yehowa mmukube tshisumbu tshia bantu bende, ne tudi bashindike ne: udi mua kutshilama bua tshishale kashidi.

9 Bia muomumue, bantu badi balamate Nzambi badi benza buloba bupiabupia anyi batendeledi balelela mu bukua-panu bupiabupia, nebashale bualu nebikale mu ntendelelu mulelela wa Mufuki wa bintu bionso. Kakuikala ntendelelu wa ku musangu anyi wa ku mpukapuka to. Mikenji ivua Nzambi mupeshe Isalele ku butuangaji bua Mose ivua ibalomba amue malu a ntendelelu a kuenza ku ngondo yonso (muleja kudi ngondo mutekete), ne ku lumingu luonso (luleja kudi dituku dia Nsabatu). (Lewitiki 24:5-9; Nomba 10:10; 28:9, 10; 2 Kulondolola 2:4) Nenku Yeshaya 66:23 udi wakula bua ditendelela Nzambi kakuyi ndekelu, ku lumingu ku lumingu ne ku ngondo ku ngondo. Dilongesha dia se: Nzambi kênaku ne lubombo lua bena bitendelelu kabiakuikalaku tshikondo atshi to. ‘Bantu bonso nebalue kutendelela kumpala’ kua Yehowa.

10. Bua tshinyi udi mujadike ne: bantu babi kabakunyanga bukua-panu bupiabupia bua kashidi?

10 Yeshaya 66:24 udi utujadikila ne: ditalala ne buakane bia mu buloba bupiabupia kabiakunyanguka to. Bantu babi kabakubinyanga nansha. Vuluka ne: 2 Petelo 3:7 (MMM) udi wamba ne: kumpala kuetu kudi “dituku dia tshilumbuluilu ne dia kabutu ka bantu babi.” Bantu babi ke babutuka. Kakuena tshintu tshibi tshiakuata bantu badi kabayi benze bibi to, nebikale bishilangane ne bitu bienzeka mu mvita ya bantu mutubu bashipa bantu bapite bungi badi kabayi basalayi. Nzuji Munene udi utujadikila ne: dituku diende nedikale bua kubutula amu bantu babi.

11. Ntshinyi tshidi Yeshaya uleja tshiafikila bantu bonso badi batombokela Nzambi ne ntendelelu wende?

11 Bantu bakane bapanduka nebamone ne: dîyi dia mulayi dia Nzambi ndilelela. Mvese wa 24 udi umanyisha ne: ‘bitalu bia bantu bakatombokela’ Yehowa nebikale tshijadiki tshia dilumbuluisha diende. Malu aa akamba Yeshaya adi mua kumvuika bu adi ubungamija. Pabi, adi apetangana ne bualu kampanda buvua buenzeka kale. Pambelu pa ngumbu ya Yelushalema wa kale pavua miaba ya dimansha bintu bia bukoya, ne imue misangu bavua belamu bitalu bia bena tshibawu bavuabu bamona ne: kabavua bakumbane bua kubajika bu bantu bonso to. * Miaba ayi bikusu ne kapia kabivua bijingakana to bua kubutula bintu bia bukoya abi pamue ne bitalu kabidi. Kakuyi mpata, ngakuilu wa mu tshimfuanyi wa Yeshaya udi uleja ndekelu wa dilumbuluisha dia Yehowa bua badi bamutombokela.

Malu adiye mulaye

12. Mmalu kayi makuabu ikala mu bukua-panu bupiabupia adi Yeshaya wamba?

12 Buakabuluibua 21:4 udi utuambila amue malu ikala kaatshiyiku mu bukua-panu bupiabupia butshilualua. Kadi mmalu kayi ikalaku tshikondo atshi? Nsombelu neikale mushindu kayi? Tudiku mua kupeta mandamuna a kueyemena anyi? Eyowa. Yeshaya nshapita wa 65 udi umvuija mu tshiprofete masanka atuikala nawu biatuanyishila Yehowa bua kuikala ne muoyo pafukaye bua musangu wa ndekelu diulu dipiadipia ne buloba bupiabupia. Bantu basomba kashidi mu buloba bupiabupia kabakukulakaja ne kufua to. Yeshaya 65:20 udi utujadikila ne: ‘Kakuena kuikalamu kabidi muana mutekete udi ushala ne muoyo anu matuku manya-manya, anyi muntu mununu udi kayi muanji kujikija matuku ende makumbane; [bualu muntu neafue bu muana mutekete, nansha yeye ne bidimu lukama; ne bua muenji wa mpekatu, nansha yeye ne bidimu lukama, NW] needibue mulawu.’

13. Mmunyi mudi Yeshaya 65:20 utujadikila ne: bantu ba Nzambi nebikale mu bukubi?

13 Pakakumbana mulayi eu bua musangu wa kumpala, bana batekete ba mu Isalele mu tshikondo tshia Yeshaya kabavua mu njiwu to. Kakuvua baluishi balua bu muakalua bena Babulona umue musangu, bua kunyenga bana ba ku mabele anyi bua kushipa bantu batshivua ne bukole bua mubidi nansha. (2 Kulondolola 36:17, 20) Mu bukua-panu bupiabupia butshidi bulua, bantu kabakuikala mu njiwu to, nebikale ne disanka. Bikala muntu mutombokele Nzambi, Nzambi kakumuitabila bua kutungunuka ne muoyo to, neamumbushe. Ntshinyi tshienzeka bu muenji wa mpekatu mua kuikala ne bidimu lukama? Neafue “bu muana mutekete” pa kufuanyikija bidimu biende ne muoyo kauyi ndekelu wikala nawu bantu.​—1 Timote 1:19, 20; 2 Timote 2:16-19.

14, 15. Bilondeshile Yeshaya 65:21, 22, mmidimu mimpe kayi iudi mua kutekemena bua kuenza?

14 Yeshaya ki mmushale anu muimanyine pa mushindu wikala Nzambi mua kushipa muntu udi wenza mpekatu ku budisuile to, kadi udi wakula kabidi bua masanka ikala mu bukua-panu bupiabupia. Enza bu udi mudimone mu masanka au. Bintu bia kumpala bidi mêsu ebe mua kutuishila bidi anu bitu bikusankisha. Yeshaya udi wakula bua bintu abi mu mvese wa 21 ne 22, wamba ne: ‘Nebase nzubu, nebashikamemu; nebatentule mionji ya tumuma tua mvinyo mu madimi, nebadie tumuma tuayi. Kabena basa nzubu bua mukuabu abuelemu; kabena bakuna bintu bua mukuabu abidie; bualu bua bu mudi matuku a muoyo wa mutshi mbu mudi matuku a bantu banyi, ne bantu bangakasungula nebasanke musangu mule mu mudimu wa bianza biabu.’

15 Biwikala kuena muanji kumanya mua kuibaka nzubu anyi kukuna bintu, mulayi wa Yeshaya udi ukuambila ne: kalasa nkakuindile. Kadi newitabe bua bakulongeshe kudi balongeshi bapiluke, peshi bua bakuambuluishe pamu’apa kudi bantu ba malu malenga baudi nabu mutumba anyi? Yeshaya kavua muambe ne: nzubu webe neikale ne madidishi manene kaayi mmuenu, mikale ne bilamba bielaku, bua wewe kuikala upeta lupepe lutalale, peshi kavua muambe bua se: nzubu webe neikale ne madidishi mela mmuenu audi mua kumuenenapu mushindu udi kuulu anyi mivu bishintuluka nansha. Newenze nzubu wa musaka mupueke luseke lumue bua mvula ne mabue a mashika kuikalabi bipueka bipepele anyi? Peshi mivu ya muaba uwikala neyikulombe bua kuenza musaka mubatalale (mutu nzubu ya mu matunga a ku Sud-Ouest kua Asia ne ku Nord kua Afrike), muaba uudi mua kusombela ne bena dîku diebe bua kudia biakudia bishême ne bua kuyikila anyi?​—Dutelonome 22:8; Nehemiya 8:16.

16. Bua tshinyi udi mutekemene bua se: bukua-panu bupiabupia nebusankishe bantu kashidi?

16 Tshidi ne mushinga kupita dimanya malu aa ntshia se: newikale ne webe nzubu. Neikale webe wewe; kabiakuikala bu mudi lelu uudi mua kuditatshisha bua kuasa nzubu, kadi panyima muntu mukuabu ulua kusombamu nansha. Yeshaya 65:21 udi wamba kabidi ne: neukune bintu ne neudie biwapola. Bushuwa, malu aa adi atuleja mu tshikoso masanka ikalaku. Madikolela ne mudimu mukole uwenza nebikupeshe disanka divule. Newenze mudimu nanku munkatshi mua tshikondo tshile, “bu mudi matuku a muoyo wa mutshi.” Malu aa adi apetangana menemene ne mêyi a se: ‘bintu bionso bipiabipia’!​—Musambu 92:12-14.

17. Mmulayi kayi wikala mua kukankamija baledi bikole?

17 Biwikala muledi, mêyi aa neakusankishe bikole: ‘Kabena bakuata mudimu wabu patupu, kabena balela bana bua [lutatu]; bualu bua bobu nebikale bana baledibue kudi badi Yehowa muvudijile disanka, ne bana babu badibu balela nebasankishibue nabu diatshimue. Diambedi kabayi banji kumbikila, nengitabe kudibu; patshidibu bakula, nembumvuile.’ (Yeshaya 65:23, 24) Ukadiku mumvue mudi ‘kulela bana bua lutatu’ kufila kanyinganyinga anyi? Katuena basue kutela mulongolongo wa malu adi bana mua kupeta adi atatshisha baledi ne bantu bakuabu. Bua muanda eu, tukadi bamone baledi badi baditue mu midimu anyi mu masanka, kabayi ne dîba dia bungi menemene bua kusomba ne bana babu to. Kadi Yehowa udi utujadikila ne: neateleje ne neakumbaje majinga etu, neaakumbaje mene kumpala kua tuetu kumulejawu.

18. Bua tshinyi udi mutekemene bua kusomba bimpe ne nyama mu bukua-panu bupiabupia?

18 Paudi eku wenda wela meji bua masanka awapeta mu bukua-panu bupiabupia, tuma kabidi meji ku bualu ebu budi dîyi dia mulayi dia Nzambi diamba ne: ‘Tshimungu ne muana wa mukoko nebikale popamue bua kudia, nyama wa ntambue neadie mashinde bu ngombe, ne dimfuenkenya nedikale biakudia bia nyoka. Yehowa udi wamba ne: ‘Kabiena bienzela bintu bibi ne kabiena bibishipa mu mukuna wanyi wa tshijila wonso.’ (Yeshaya 65:25) Bazodi mbatete bua kuzola tshimfuanyi tshia malu aa, kadi malu aa ki ntshimfuanyi tshia patupu tshifuikakaja ne tshizola kudi bantu nansha. Malu aa neakumbane bulelela. Ditalala nedikale pankatshi pa bantu, ne buobu nebikale kabidi mu ditalala ne nyama. Balongi ba malu a muoyo ne aba badi banange nyama batu benza bidimu bia bungi balonga malu adi atangila mishindu mikese ya nyama peshi anu mushindu umuepele patupu wa nyama. Kadi, elabi meji bua bungi bua malu awalonga pikala nyama kayitshiyi itshina kabidi bantu! Dîba adi newikale mua kubikila nansha nyunyi ne tu-bifukibua tukese menemene tudi tusombele muitu; bushuwa, newikale ubitangila, ulonga malu abi ne ubimona bikusankisha. (Yobo 12:7-9) Newenze malu aa kakuyi njiwu ifumina ni nkudi nyama ta kudi muntu. Yehowa udi wamba ne: ‘Kabiena bienzela bintu bibi ne kabiena bibishipa mu mukuna wanyi wa tshijila wonso.’ Bushuwa, malu aa neikale mashilangane bikole ne atudi tumona lelu’eu!

19, 20. Bua tshinyi bantu ba Nzambi mbashilangane bikole ne bantu ba bungi lelu’eu?

19 Anu mutukadi bamone, nansha mudiku dilubakana miaba yonso bua tshikondo etshi tshipiatshipia tshia bidimu tshinunu, bantu kabena mua kumanyisha malu malelela a matuku atshilualua to. Muanda eu udi ushiya bantu ba bungi mu dibungama, mu dilubakana ne kabayi bamanye tshia kuenza. Peter Emberley (mulombodi wa iniversite kampanda wa mu ditunga dia Canada) wakafunda ne: “Ndekelu wa bionso bantu [bakulumpe] ba bungi batu badimona kumpala kua nkonko minene idi itangila muoyo. Ndi nganyi? Ntshinganyi menemene tshindi nkeba kupeta? Mbupianyi kayi bundi nshila bena mu tshipungu tshialua? Padibu bafikila mu bidimu kubangila ku 40 too ne ku 60, badi baluangana bua kupeta bulongame ne kumanya bua tshinyi badi ne muoyo.”

20 Nanku udi mua kumvua bua tshinyi bantu ba bungi badi mu nsombelu eu. Badi mua kuikala bakeba bua kudisankisha pa kujikija lutetuku ne bintu bidi bibasanguluja. Pabu ki mbamanye malu adi mabindile kumpala to; ke bualu kayi ki mbamanye bua tshinyi badi ne muoyo ne bua tshinyi badi ne bua kuikala ne bulongame mu nsombelu. Mpindieu fuanyikija bualu ebu ne mushindu uudi umona muoyo ku diambuluisha dia malu atudi bamone aa. Udi umona ne: mu diulu dipiadipia ne buloba bupiabupia bidi Yehowa mulaye, netuikale mua kukenzakana eku ne eku ne kuamba mu mutshima wetu ne: ‘Bulelela, Nzambi mmuenze bintu bionso bipiabipia!’ Nebitusankishe bikole be!

21. Mbualu kayi bua muomumue butudi tusangana mu Yeshaya 65:25 ne mu Yeshaya 11:9?

21 Kutuma meji ku muoyo mu bukua-panu bupiabupia bua Nzambi ki ndinekesha nansha. Nzambi udi utubikila ne utulomba mene bua kumutendelela mu bulelela mpindieu, ne bua tuetu kuenza malu adi akengedibua bua kupeta muoyo pikala bintu ‘kabitshiyi bienzelangana bibi ne kabitshiyi bishipangana mu mukuna wende wa tshijila.’ (Yeshaya 65:25) Kadi uvuaku mumanye ne: Yeshaya ukavua muambe bualu bua muomumue ne musakidile kanungu kakuabu ka muanda utudi ne bua kuenza bua kupeta muoyo mu bukua-panu bupiabupia anyi? Tudi tubala mu Yeshaya 11:9 ne: ‘Kabiena bienzela bikuabu bintu bibi, kabiena bishipa bikuabu mu mukuna wanyi wa tshijila wonso; bualu bua buloba nebuikale bûle tente ne kumanya kua Yehowa, bu mudi mâyi a mu mâyi manene abuikila miaba yawu yonso.’

22. Milayi inayi ya mu Bible itudi bakonkonone idi ne bua kukolesha dipangadika dietu dia kuenza tshinganyi?

22 “Kumanya kua Yehowa.” Pavuija Nzambi bintu bionso bipiabipia, bantu bikala pa buloba nebikale ne dimanya dijalame diende yeye ne dia disua diende. Kadiakuikala anu dimanya dia malu a nyama to. Nebikengele kabidi kumanya Dîyi diende didiye mufundishe. Tshilejilu, ela meji bua bungi bua malu atudi bamone katshia tuabanga kukonkonona milayi inayi patupu idi yakula bua ‘diulu dipiadipia ne buloba bupiabupia.’ (Yeshaya 65:17; 66:22; 2 Petelo 3:13; Buakabuluibua 21:1) Ebu ke bualu buudi ne bua kuikala ubadila Bible dituku dionso. Utuku ne tshibidilu tshia kumubala anyi? Biwikala kutu natshi, wakaje ndongamu webe bua umone mua kuikala ubala ndambu wa malu adi Nzambi ukuambila. Neumone ne: pa kumbusha ditekemena dia kupeta muoyo mu bukua-panu bupiabupia, neupete disanka dia bungi kubangila ku mpindieu anu muakadipeta mufundi wa Misambu.​—Musambu 1:1, 2.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

^ Tangila mukanda wa Étude perspicace des Écritures, Volime 1, dibeji 972, mupatula kudi Bantemu ba Yehowa.

Newandamune munyi?

• Bua tshinyi tudi mua kuamba ne: Yeshaya 66:22-24 udi umanyisha malu atshidi alua kumpala?

• Mmalu kayi audi mutambe kutekemena munkatshi mua adibu batele mu milayi idi mu Yeshaya 66:22-24 ne mu Yeshaya 65:20-25?

• Mmalu kayi adi akusaka bua kuikala ne dishindika bua matuku atshilualua?

[Nkonko ya dilonga]

[Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 15]

Yeshaya, Petelo ne Yone bakamanyisha malu adi atangila ‘diulu dipiadipia ne buloba bupiabupia’