Batatu ba Ekeleziya bavua balongesha Bible menemene anyi?

Nansha wewe wamba ne: udi muena Kristo anyi ne: kuena muena Kristo, buobu ke badi mua kuikala bakufikishe ku dimona Nzambi wa mu Bible muutu umumona yeye ne Yezu ne Buena-Kristo amu. Umue wa kudibu diende uvua Mukana mua Or; mukuabu diende uvua Munene. Batu bababikila buonso buabu ne: “biuwidi binene bia muoyo wa Kristo.” Mbanganyi abu? Mbatatu ba Ekeleziya, tuambe ne: mbedi ba meji ba kale ba mu bitendelelu, bafundi, bena teoloji ne bena nkindi badi bapatule ngelelu wa meji udi nende bena Kristo ba ku dîna lelu’eu.

MULONGESHI wa malu a Nzambi diende Demetrios Constantelos udi wamba ne: “Bible ki ng’udi ne dîyi dia Nzambi dionso to. Nyuma Muimpe udi usokolola dîyi dia Nzambi kêna mua kuikala anu mu mukanda umue nansha.” Ntshintu kayi tshikuabu tshivua mua kuikala mpokolo wa kueyemena wa malu a Nzambi? Constantelos udi wamba mu mukanda wende mukuabu ne: “[Batu] bangata Bilele Binsantu ne Mikanda Minsantu bu bitupa bibidi bia malu adi Nzambi musokolole.”​—Understanding the Greek Orthodox Church.

“Bilele Binsantu” abi mbipatuila mu malongesha ne mikanda ya Batatu ba Ekeleziya. Batatu ba Ekeleziya aba bavua bena teoloji ne bena nkindi bende lumu bavua bamba muvuabu bena Kristo bavuaku pankatshi pa lukama luibidi lua bidimu ne luitanu B.B. Nku tshinyi kudibu bashintulule ngenyi ya badi bamba mudibu bena Kristo lelu? Bavuaku balonda Bible mu malongesha abu anyi? Bua muyidi wa Yezu Kristo, nntshinyi tshidi ne bua kuikala nshindamenu munene wa bulelela bua bena Kristo?

Mushindu wakatuadijabu

Munkatshi mua lukama luibidi lua bidimu B.B., bena Kristo ba ku dîna bavua babingisha ditabuja diabu kumpala kua bena Lomo bavua babakengesha ne kua batontolodi. Kadi, tshikondo atshi kuvua malongesha a bena teoloji mapite bungi. Makokangana avua mu bitendelelu bua tshidibu babikila bu bunzambi bua Yezu ne bua tshidi nyuma muimpe ne malu adiye ukumbaja biakajula matapuluka mu malu a mamanya ne mu malu makuabu. Dipangakanangana ku mêyi dikole ne matapuluka kaayi kujikija bua tshilumbu tshia malongesha a bena Kristo ba ku dîna aba biakabuela too ne mu malu a bena tshididi ne mu bantu ba tshianana. Imue misangu bivua bijudija bimvundu, buntomboji, ne mvita. Paul Johnson (mufundi wa malu a kale) udi wamba ne: “Buena-Kristo [butontolodi] buakatuadija mutshimbondambonda, mu dikokangana ne mu matapuluka, ne buakatungunuka anu mushindu’au. . . . Mu lukama lua kumpala lua bidimu ne luibidi kumpala kua Yezu, malongesha a mu bitendelelu akavula bungi tshianana pankatshi  ne ku Est kua miaba ya ku mpenga kua Mbuu wa Mediterane, enda aditangalakila nkayawu. . . . Nunku kubangila anu ku ntuadijilu, kuvua mishindu mivule ya Buena-Kristo ivua ne malongesha mashilangane.”

Tshikondo atshi, bafundi ne bedi ba meji bavua bamona ne: bivua bikengela kumvuija malongesha a bena Kristo ba ku dîna ku diambuluisha dia malu a nkindi bakatuadija kuvula. Bua kusankisha bampangano bavua bamanye mukanda ne batshivua bafuminaku ku ditabuja Buena-Kristo bua ku dîna, bafundi ba mu bitendelelu aba bakatamba kunyemena ku mikanda ya ntuadijilu ya bena Gelika ne bena Yuda. Pakatuadija Justin le Martyr (bu mu 100-165 B.B.) kufunda mikanda mu tshiena-Gelika, bena Kristo ba ku dîna aba bakalua kumanya malu a nkindi ya bena Gelika bikole menemene.

Muanda eu wakapatula bipeta kampanda mu mikanda ya Origène (bu mu 185-254 B.B.), mufundi wa tshiena-Gelika mufume mu Alesandelia. Malu akaleja Origène mu mukanda wende (On First Principles) avua mushindu wa kumpala wa kumvuija malongesha manene a teoloji wa bena Kristo ba ku dîna ku diambuluisha dia nkindi ya bena Gelika. Tshipangu tshia mu Nicée (325 B.B.) tshivua tshibueja ne dijinga dia kuteta mua kumvuija ne kujadika tshivuabu babikila ne: bunzambi bua Kristo ke tshintu tshinene tshiakabapeshilula bukole bua kumvuija malongesha abu. Tshipangu atshi tshivua ntuadijilu wa tshikondo tshivua bena ekeleziya yonso bakeba bua kujadika malongesha abu bimpe menemene mu bipangu bionso bivuabu babueja.

Bafundi ne benji ba miyuki

Eusèbe wa ku Kaisalia (uvua mufunde mikanda mu tshikondo tshia Tshipangu tshia kumpala tshia mu Nicée) wakalamata Amperere Constantin. Bidimu lukama ne ndambu kunyima kua Tshipangu tshia mu Nicée, bena teoloji (ba bungi bavua bafunda mu tshiena-Gelika) bakatuadija kukokangana bikole pa tshivua ne bua kulua dilongesha dinene dia Bukua-buena-Kristo: Busatu Bunsantu. Ku mutu kua bantu abu kuvua Athanase uvua muepiskopo wa mu Alesandelia (wa dîsu dikole), ne balombodi basatu ba Ekeleziya ba mu Kapadokia, mu Asia Mukese: Basile Munene ne muanabu Grégoire wa mu Nysse, ne mulunda wabu Grégoire wa mu Nazianze.

Bafundi ne bayishi ba mu tshikondo atshi bakalua benji ba miyuki ba dilambu. Grégoire wa mu Nazianze ne Jean Chrysostome (mmumue ne: “Mukana mua Or”) bavua benza miyuki mu tshiena-Gelika, ne Ambroise wa mu Milan ne Augustin wa mu Hippone bavua bayenza mu Latin, buonso buabu bavua benji ba miyuki ba dilambu, bapiluke mu ngakuilu ne mfundilu ya tshikondo tshiabu ivua bantu batamba kunemeka. Muntu wakatamba kufunda malu akashintulula bantu mu tshikondo atshi uvua Augustin. Mikanda yende ya teoloji mmishintulule bena Kristo ba ku dîna bikole, mibapeshe ngelelu wa meji udibu nende lelu’eu. Jérôme, mumanyi munene wa malu a mikanda mu tshikondo atshi, ke uvua mufundi munene uvua ulombola kabidi midimu ya dikudimuna dia Bible wa Vulgate mu muakulu wa Latin bangatshila mu miakulu ya ntuadijilu ivuabu bafunde Bible.

Kadi, nkonko ya mushinga nyoyi eyi: Batatu ba Ekeleziya aba bavuaku balamate kashendende ku malongesha a mu Bible anyi? Bavuaku balonda Mukanda wa Nzambi mu malongesha abu anyi? Mikanda yabu idiku yambuluisha bantu bua kupeta dimanya dijalame dia Nzambi anyi?

Mmalongesha a Nzambi anyi a bantu?

Matuku mashale aa, Méthode, Muepiskopo munene wa bena Ortodokse bena Gelika wa mu Pisidia, wakafunda mukanda kampanda bua kuleja ne: bibidilu ne nkindi bia bena Gelika ke biakapatuisha malongesha a bena Kristo ba ku dîna ba  tshikondo tshietu etshi. Udi wamba kayi welakana mu mukanda au ne: “Batatu ba Ekeleziya bende lumu pabuipi ne bonso bavua bangata ngenyi ya bena Gelika ne mushinga wa bungi, ne bakayangatshila mu malu a kalekale a bena Gelika, kubangabu kuyangata ne: nya kumvua ne kumvuija nayi malongesha a bena Kristo bimpe menemene.”​—The Hellenic Pedestal of Christianity.

Angata tshilejilu tshia dilongesha dia se: Tatu, Muana ne nyuma muimpe badi benza Busatu Busantu. Batatu ba Ekeleziya ba bungi bakalua bitabi banene ba Busatu Bunsantu kunyima kua Tshipangu tshia mu Nicée. Mikanda ne miyuki yabu bivua ne tshipatshila tshinene tshia kuvuija Busatu Bunsantu dilongesha dinene dia Bukua-Buena-Kristo. Kadi Busatu Bunsantu butu mu Bible anyi? Tòo. Kadi nkuepi kuvua Batatu ba Ekeleziya babupetele? Nkonga-miaku mukuabu udi uleja ne: bantu ba bungi badi bamba ne: Busatu Bunsantu “ndilongesha dia dishima diangatshila mu bitendelelu bia bampangano, didibu babueje mu Buena-Kristo.” (A Dictionary of Religious Knowledge) Ne munga mukanda udi wamba ne: “[Busatu Bunsantu] buonso nkong mbufumine kudi bampangano.” * (The Paganism in Our Christianity)​—Yone 3:16; 14:28.

Anyi tangila dilongesha dia ne: anyima katu ufua to, didibu bumvuija ne: mubidi wa muntu udi ufua, tshitupa tshiende kampanda tshidi tshishala ne muoyo. Batatu ba Ekeleziya ke bakabueja kabidi dilongesha edi mu bitendelelu bivua kabiyi bilongesha ne: anyima utu ushala ne muoyo padi muntu ufua. Bible udi uleja patoke ne: anyima udi mua kufua, wamba ne: “Anyima udi wenza mpekatu, yeye muine neafue.” (Yehezekele 18:4, NW) Dilongesha dia Bamfumu ba Ekeleziya dia se: anyima utu ushala ne muoyo padi muntu ufua ndifumine kuepi? Tshibungu tshikuabu tshidi tshiamba ne: “Dilongesha dia bena Kristo dia se: anyima udi kayi umueneka uvua Nzambi mufuke ne udiye wela mu mubidi wa muntu padiye wimitshibua bua muntu kuluaye ne muoyo  ndifumine ku ngenyi idibu bapatule mutantshi mule mu nkindi ya bena Kristo. Anu Origène (mu matunga a ku Est) ne Saint Augustin (mu a ku Ouest) ke bakafikisha bantu ba bungi ku ditaba lungenyi lua se: anyima ntshintu tshia mu nyuma ne anu buobu babidi aba ke bakenzeja bua kuikale dilongesha dia bena nkindi didi diumvuija mushindu udi anyima. . . . [Dilongesha dia Augustin] . . . divua ne malu a bungi (ne bimue bilema) mangatshila mu malongesha a Platon adibu bashintulule [néoplatonisme].” (New Catholic Encyclopedia) Ne tshimue tshikandakanda tshidi tshiamba ne: “Dilongesha dia se: anyima katu ufua ndia bena Gelika dienza mu ntendelelu ya kale ya malu masokome, ne dipatula kudi muena nkindi Platon.”​—Presbyterian Life. *

Tshishimikidi tshikole tshia bulelela bua bena Kristo

Tudi tufuma ku dikonkonona mu tshikoso ntuadijilu wa Batatu ba Ekeleziya ne wa malongesha abu, mbimpe bua tuetu kudiebeja ne: Muena Kristo mulelela udi ne bua kuangatshila malu adiye witabuja mu malongesha a Batatu ba Ekeleziya anyi? Lekela Bible andamune.

Tshilejilu, Yezu nkayende wakakandika bua kubikila muntu mu muanzu wa mu bitendelelu wa “Tatu” pakambaye ne: ‘Kanubikidi muntu wa pa buloba ne: Tatu wetu, bualu bua nuenu nudi ne Tatu umue, yeye udi mu diulu.’ (Matayo 23:9) Kubikila muntu kampanda wa mu tshitendelelu ne: “Tatu” kakuena kupetangana ne Buena-Kristo to, ne ki nkulonda tshidi Mukanda wa Nzambi wamba nansha. Bakajikija kufunda Dîyi dia Nzambi dionso bu mu 98 B.B. pakajikija Yone kufunda mikanda yende. Ke bualu kayi bena Kristo balelela kabena ne bua kuangata muntu nansha umue bu mpokolo wa malu adi Nzambi musokolole nansha. Badi bepuka bua ‘kuona dîyi dia Nzambi’ bua bilele bia bantu. Kulekela bilele bia bantu biangata muaba wa Dîyi dia Nzambi mbualu budi bukebesha lufu lua mu nyuma. Yezu wakatudimuija ne: ‘Bialombola mufofo munga mufofo, bubidi buabu nebapone mu dina.’​—Matayo 15:6, 14.

Muena Kristo udiku dijinga ne malu masokolola pa kumbusha dîyi dia Nzambi didi mu Bible anyi? Tòo, bualu mukanda wa Buakabuluibua udi ubenga bua kusakidila kantu nansha kamue ku malu akadi Nzambi mufundishe, wamba ne: ‘Bikala muntu usangisha mêyi makuabu pa mutu pawu, Nzambi neamusangishile makenga adi mafunda mu mukanda eu.’​—Buakabuluibua 22:18.

Bulelela bua bena Kristo budi mu Bible. (Yone 17:17; 2 Timote 3:16; 2 Yone 1-4) Bua kumumvua bimpe kabiena bikengela kunyemena ku nkindi ya panu to. Bua bantu bakangata meji a bantu bua kumvuija nawu malu adi Nzambi musokolole, mbimpe kubambuluila nkonko ya mupostolo Paulo eyi: ‘Muena meji udi penyi? Mufundi udi penyi? Muena mpata wa mu tshikondo etshi udi penyi? Nzambi kakavuija meji a ba pa buloba mapote anyi?’​—1 Kolinto 1:20.

Kabidi, tshisumbu tshia bena Kristo balelela tshidi ‘dikunji ne tshishindamenu bia malu malelela.’ (1 Timote 3:15) Batangidi badimu badi balama malongesha adibu bafila mu tshisumbu etshi bimpe, ne badi benza bua malongesha onso mabi kaabuedimu to. (2 Timote 2:15-18, 25) Ne badi benza kabidi bua ‘baprofete ba mashimi, bayishi ba mashimi ne matapuluka adi abutula’ kabibuedi mu tshisumbu to. (2 Petelo 2:1) Kunyima kua lufu lua bapostolo, Batatu ba Ekeleziya bakalekela ‘nyuma idi ipambuisha ne mayisha a bademon’ biela miji mu tshisumbu tshia bena Kristo.​—1 Timote 4:1.

Bipeta bia butontolodi ebu bidi bimueneka patoke mu Bukua-Buena-Kristo lelu. Malongesha ne bilele bidimu mbishilangane bikole ne Bible.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

 [Kazubu/​Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 18]

BATATU BA EKELEZIYA BA MU KAPADOKIA

Mudiambike Kallistos udi kabidi mufundi udi wamba ne: “Ekeleziya wa bena Ortodokse . . . udi unemeka bafundi ba mu lukama lua bidimu luinayi bikole, nangananga aba badibu babikila ne: ‘Balombodi Banene basatu’: Grégoire wa mu Nazianze, Basile Munene ne Jean Chrysostome.” Batatu ba Ekeleziya aba bavua bangatshile malongesha abu mu Mukanda wa Nzambi anyi? Mukanda mukuabu udi wakula bua Basile Munene udi wamba ne: “Mikanda yende idi ileja ne: uvua mudie bulunda bua mutantshi mule ne Platon, ne Homère, ne bafundi ba miyuki ya malu a kale ne balongeshi ba mushindu wa kuenza miyuki, kakuyi mpata, malu avuaye mufunde akalonda ngenyi yabu. . . . Basile wakashala anu bu muena Gelika.” Ke muvuabi kabidi bua Grégoire wa mu Nazianze. “Buende yeye, Ekeleziya uvua ne bua kuleja ditshimuna ne ka-bukulumpe bimpe pavuaye ulonda bilele bionso bia bena Gelika.”​—The Fathers of the Greek Church.

Panagiotis Christou, Mulongeshi wa mu iniversite mmufunde buabu buonso basatu ne: “Nansha mutubu badimuija bantu imue misangu bua kuepuka ‘nkindi ne lubombo lua patupu’ [Kolosai 2:8] bua kukumbaja tshidi mukenji wa mu Dipungila Dipiadipia wamba, badi baditua mu dilonga nkindi ayi ne malu makuabu ne muoyo mujima ne bayifundila mene banga bantu bua kuyilongabu.” Kakuyi mpata, balongeshi ba mu ekeleziya aba bavua bela meji ne: Bible nkayende kavua mukumbane bua kubakuatshisha mu malongesha abu to. Bu muvuabu bakeba malu a mu mikanda mikuabu bua kujadika ngenyi yabu, kabienaku bileja ne: malongesha abu avua abengangana ne Bible anyi? Mupostolo Paulo wakadimuija bena Kristo bena Ebelu ne: “Kabanupambudi kudi malongesha mashilangane a ku minga nseke.”​—Ebelu 13:9, MMM.

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

© Archivo Iconografico, S.A./​CORBIS

[Kazubu/​Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 20]

CYRILLE WA MU ALESANDELIA UVUA TATU WA EKELEZIYA MUEDI WA MPATA

Umue wa ku bedi banene ba mpata munkatshi mua Batatu ba Ekeleziya uvua Cyrille wa mu Alesandelia (bu mu 375-444 B.B.) Hans von Campenhausen, mufundi mukuabu wa miyuki ya malu a kale a Ekeleziya udi umuamba ne: uvua “musue anu bivuaye yeye wamba, muntu wa tshikisu ne wa budimu bubi, uvua ne meji matuma anu ku bunene bua mudimu wende ne ku bunême bua muanzu wende,” kabidi ne: “kavua ne bualu nansha bumue buvuaye umona buimpe, pa kumbusha buvua bumuambuluisha bua kutuma bumfumu ne bukokeshi buende kumpala . . . Tshikisu ne malu ende a didingangana kabivuaku bianji kumubungamijaku to.” Nansha muvua Cyrille muikale muepiskopo wa mu Alesandelia, wakakosangana mishiku, kuendeshilaye muepiskopo wa mu Constantinople lumu lubi ne kumushiminyinaye malu bua kumunyangila mudimu wende. Badi bamba ne: yeye ke wakashipesha muena nkindi munene Hypatie, mu 415 B.B. Campenhausen udi wamba bua mikanda ya teoloji ivua Cyrille mufunde ne: “Yeye ke wakapatula tshilele tshia kulonda mêyi avuaye umona makanyine ne mikanda ivua ne mêyi a bantu bende lumu pamutu pa kulamata anu Bible mu malu onso a disungula mayisha a kulonda.”

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 19]

Jérôme

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Garo Nalbandian