Origène: mushindu uvua malongesha ende mashintulule Ekeleziya

“Mulongeshi mutambe bunene wa mu Ekeleziya kunyima kua bapostolo.” Ke muakatumbishabu Origène, mulongeshi wa malu a Nzambi wa mu lukama luisatu lua bidimu kudi Jérôme mukudimunyi wa Bible wa Vulgate wa mu muakulu wa Latin. Kadi bantu bonso kabavua batua Origène makumbu mushindu’eu nansha. Bamue bavua bamumona bu muji mubi uvua muikale ntuadijilu wa butontolodi. Mu mêyi a mufundi mukuabu wa mu bidimu bia 1600, bedi ba malu a Origène mpata bavua bamba ne: “Malongesha ende onso mmabi, adi anu bu lulengu lua nyoke lutu lushipangana, ludiye muluke mu bantu.” Kadi bidimu bipite pa 400 panyima pa lufu lua Origène, bakalua kumuangata bu mutontolodi.

BUA tshinyi Origène uvua mufikishe bamue bantu ku dimuanyisha ne bakuabu ku dimukina? Ntshinyi tshidiye muenze bua ditangalaka dia malongesha a ekeleziya edi?

Lukunukunu bua ekeleziya

Origène uvua muledibue bu mu 185 B.B. mu tshimenga tshia Alesandelia mu ditunga dia Ejipitu. Wakalongamu malu a bungi a mikanda ivuabu bafunde mu tshiena-Gelika. Tatuende Léonide wakamuambila bua aditatshishe bia muomumue bua kulonga Mifundu (ya mu Bible). Pavuaye ne bidimu 17, mukalenge wa bena Lomo wakela mukenji uvua wamba ne: kushintulula tshitendelelu kuvua bu kubunda kua tshibawu. Bakela tatuende wa Origène mu buloko bualu wakalua muena Kristo. Bu muvuaye ne lukunukunu lua ku bunsonga, Origène wakapangadika bua kumulonda mu buloko ne kufua pamue nende. Pakamona mamuende nanku, wakasokoka bilamba bia Origène bua kapetshi mushindu wa kumbuka ku mbelu. Origène wakatumina tatuende mukanda umusengelela ne: “Kushintuludi lungenyi luebe anu bua bualu buetu nansha.” Léonide kakashintuluka to, buobu e kumushipa, kushiya dîku diende kadiyi kantu. Kadi Origène ukavua musemene kumpala bikole ne malonga ende, ke kubangaye kulongeshangana mikanda ya tshiena-Gelika bua kupeta mushindu wa kuambuluisha mamuende ne bakunyi bende basambombo.

Dijinga dia mukalenge wa bena Lomo eu divua dia kuimanyika ditangalaka dia Buena-Kristo. Bu muvua mukenji wende ukuata balongi ne balongeshi, balongeshi bonso ba malu a bena Kristo bakanyema mu Alesandelia. Pakalua bantu bavua kabayi bena Kristo bavua bakeba kulonga malu a mu Bible kulomba Origène bua kubambuluishaye, wakitaba muanda eu ne disanka, e kuwangata bu mudimu mumupesha kudi Nzambi. Ba bungi ba ku balongi bende bakafuila ditabuja diabu, bamue mene kumpala kua buobu kujikija tulasa tuabu. Nansha muvuaye mu njiwu mikole, Origène uvua ukolesha balongi bende ku muoyo patoke, nansha pavuabu kumpala kua balumbuluishi, mu buloko, anyi pakavuabu pabuipi ne kubashipa. Eusèbe mufundi wa miyuki ya malu a kale wa mu lukama luinayi lua bidimu udi ulonda ne: pavuabu baya nabu muaba  wa kubashipela, Origène, “ne dikima dionso, uvua ubatua mishiku bua kubela muoyo.”

Bantu ba bungi bavua kabayi bena Kristo bakakina Origène, bualu bavua bamuangata bu muntu uvua mukudimuishe balunda babu mitshima ne kabidi mubafuishe. Misangu mivule uvua upanduka ku lufu lua tshikisu anyi upete mushindu wa kunyema bantu bavua bakeba kumuenzela bibi. Nansha muvua Origène kayi usomba kaba kamue bua kumona mua kunyema baluishi bende, kakalekela malongesha ende to. Dikola dia muoyo ne didifila dia mushindu’eu biakakemesha Demetelio, muepiskopo wa mu Alesandelia. Ke bua tshinyi pavua Origène ne bidimu 18, Demetelio wakamuteka mulombodi wa tulasa tua malu a nzambi mu Alesandelia.

Mu bungi bua matuku, Origène kuluaye mumanyi muende lumu ne mufundi wa dilambu. Bamue bakamba ne: wakafunda mikanda 6 000, nansha mudibu pamu’apa banekeshe. Origène mmutambe kuenda lumu bua mukanda uvuabu babikila ne: Hexaple, muenza mu mikanda anyi volime 50 ya Mikanda ya tshiena-Ebelu ya mu Bible. Origène wakakosolola Hexaple mu milongo isambombo mikale ne: (1) mifundu ya mu tshiena-Ebelu ne tshiena-Alama, (2) nkudimuinu wa mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu ne miaku ya tshiena-Gelika, (3) nkudimuinu wa tshiena-Gelika wa Aquila, (4) wa Symmaque, (5) wa Septante, uvua Origène muenzulule bua kupetanganaye bimpe menemene ne mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu, ne (6) nkudimuinu wa tshiena-Gelika wa Théodotion. Mumanyi wa malu a mu Bible John Hort wakafunda ne: “Mu dilamakaja mikanda eyi, Origène uvua ukeba bua kumvuija mvese ya bungi ivua mubadi muena Gelika kayi umvua bimpe peshi upambuka yeye muikale anu ne nkudimuinu wa Septante.”

‘Udi usambuka mikalu ya tshidibu bafunde’

Nanku, dikondakana dia malu divua mu bitendelelu mu lukama luisatu lua bidimu diakashintulula bikole mushindu uvua Origène umvuija malongesha a mu Bible. Nansha mutshivua Bukua-buena-Kristo ku ntuadijilu kuabu, bukavua bunyanguke ne malongesha avua kaayi a mu Bible, ne bitendelelu bivua bitangalake bivua bilongesha malu kabukabu.

Origène wakitaba amue a ku malongesha mabi aa, uabikila ne: malongesha a bapostolo. Kadi kakadikanda bua kukonkonona makuabu to. Balongi bende ba bungi bavua dîba adi baluangana bua kukandamena nkidi ya mu tshikondo tshiabu. Bua kumona mua kubambuluisha, Origène wakakonkonona bimpe bimpe malongesha kabukabu a bena nkidi avua enda ashintulula ngenyi ya balongi bende bavua kabayi banji kumanya malu a bungi. Pashishe yeye kutuadija kubapesha mandamuna a nkonko ivuabu bela ya malu a nkindi.

Bu muvuaye ukeba bua malu a mu Bible apetangane ne nkindi, Origène wakabanga kuamba ne: Mifundu ivua ne diumvuija disokoka. Tshilejilu wakamba ne: Bible utu ne diumvuija dia mu nyuma, kadi katu anu misangu yonso ne diumvuija dia ku muaku ku muaku nansha. Anu muakamba mumanyi mukuabu, muanda eu wakapesha Origène “mushindu wa kumvuija Bible ne ngenyi yonso ivua kayiyi ya mu Bible, kadi mikale ya mu malu a nzambi avuaye wanyisha yeye, eku wamba (ne kakuyi mpata udiangata ne muoyo mujima) muvuaye mumvuiji wa lukunukunu ne wa lulamatu wa ngenyi ya mu Bible.”

Mukanda uvua Origène mutumine umue wa ku balongi bende udi utuleja tshivua lungenyi luende. Origène wakaleja patoke ne: bena Isalele bavua benza malongo a mu ntempelo wa Yehowa ne ngolo wa mu Ejipitu. Nanku yeye kumona ne: nkindi ya bena Gelika ke yakamuambuluisha bua kufila mumvuija masokome a mu nyuma pavuaye ulongesha malu a Buena-Kristo. Wakafunda ne: “Bintu bivua bana ba Isalele bafume nabi mu Ejipitu, bivua bena Ejipitu kabayi benze nabi mudimu bimpe, biakambuluisha bena Ebelu bikole bua kuenzela Nzambi mudimu, bualu meji ende avua abalombola.” Nunku Origène wakakankamija balongi bende bua “kuangata mu nkindi ya bena Gelika bualu buonso buvua mua kuambuluisha bu tshiena-bualu tshia kulonga anyi bu mushindu wa kulongolola Buena-Kristo.”

Kumvuija Bible mushindu’eu kakuyi didilaminyina kuakenza bua se: bikolele bantu bua kutapulula malongesha a bena Kristo ne nkindi ya bena Gelika. Tshilejilu, mu mukanda wende kampanda (Traité des principes), Origène wakabikila Yezu ne: ‘Muana umuepele mulela, uvua muledibue, kadi kayi ne ntuadijilu.’ Wakamba kabidi ne: ‘Diledibua diende ndia kashidi ne tshiendelele. Ki mbua se: wakalua Muana pakapetaye mupuwa wa muoyo, anyi bua tshintu kampanda tshifumine muaba mukuabu to, kadi mbua bu-Nzambi buende.’

Origène kavua mupete lungenyi elu mu Bible nansha, bualu Bible udi ulongesha ne: Muana umuepele mulela wa Yehowa udi “muan’a bute wa bifukibua  bionso” ne “tshibangidilu tshia bufuki bua Nzambi.” (Kolosai 1:15; Buakabuluibua 3:14) Bilondeshile Augustus Neander, mufundi wa miyuki ya malu a kale a bitendelelu, Origène wakafika ku dilongesha dia “dikalaku dia tshiendelele dia Mukalenge wetu” ku diambuluisha dia “malongesha [ende] a nkindi avuabu balongesha mu tshilongelu tshia Platon.” Mushindu’eu ke wakasambuka Origène dîyi dinene dia mu Bible dia se: ‘Kanusambuki mikalu ya tshidibu bafunde.’​—1 Kolinto 4:6, MMM.

Badi bamupisha bu mutontolodi

Mu bidimu bia ntuadijilu bia mudimu wende wa bulongeshi, tshipangu kampanda tshia mu Alesandelia tshiakanyenga Origène mudimu wende wa bunsaserdose. Pamu’apa muanda eu wakenzeka bualu Muepiskopo Demetelio uvua mumvue mukawu bua mushindu uvua lumu lua Origène luenda lutangalaka bikole. Origène kuyaye ku Palestine, kuvua lumu luende bu mubingishi munene wa malongesha a bena Kristo luenda anu lutangalaka, ne yeye kutungunuka ne kuenzamu mudimu wa bunsaserdose. Kadi pakatuadija “butontolodi” mu matunga a ku Est, bakamulomba bua kutuishaye bepiskopo bavua bapambuke bua kupinganabu ku malongesha a ntuadijilu a ekeleziya. Panyima pa lufu luende mu 254 B.B., bantu bakabanga kupepeja bikole dîna dia Origène. Bivua bua bualu kayi?

Panyima pa Buena-Kristo bua ku dîna bumane kulua ntendelelu munene, bakalua kusunguluja bimpe malongesha avua ekeleziya wanyisha. Ke bualu kayi bena teoloji bakalonda panyima bakabenga malu a bungi avua Origène mupatule ne kubengabu kabidi malu a nkindi avua kaayi majalame. Bua nanku malongesha ende akajula makokangana makole munda mua ekeleziya. Nanku bua kumona mua kujikija makokangana aa ne kulama buobumue, ekeleziya wakapisha Origène bu mutontolodi.

Origène kavua nkayende mu bilema biende ebi to. Bible ukavua mumanyishe ne: bantu ba bungi bavua ne bua kulekela malongesha malelela a Kristo. Butontolodi ebu buakabanga kutangalaka pabuipi ne ku ndekelu kua bidimu lukama bia kumpala, panyima pa bapostolo ba Yezu bamane kufua bonso. (2 Tesalonike 2:6, 7) Ndekelu wa bionso, bamue bena Kristo ba ku dîna bavua badiamba ne: “balamatshi ba mayisha a kale,” bavua babikila bantu bakuabu ne: “batontolodi.” Bushuwa, Bukua-buena-Kristo buvua busesuke bikole mu njila wa Buena-Kristo bulelela.

‘Malu adibu babikila mu dishima ne: ndimanya’

Nansha muvua Origène mupatule ngenyi ya bungi, mikanda yende ivua kabidi ne malu makuabu malenga. Tshilejilu, mukanda wa Hexaple uvua ne dîna dia Nzambi mu maleta anayi a ku ntuadijilu a tshiena-Ebelu, adibu babikila ne: Tetragrame. Muanda eu udi ufila tshijadiki tshimpe tshia se: bena Kristo ba kumpala bavua bamanye ne bavua batela dîna dia Nzambi dia nsungasunga: Yehowa. Nansha nanku, nkambua mukuabu wa ekeleziya wa mu lukama luitanu lua bidimu, diende Théophile, wakadimuija bantu umue musangu ne: “Mikanda ya Origène idi anu bu budimi bua bilongo bia mishindu yonso. Meme mupetamu tshilongo tshilenga, ndi ntshitula, kadi meme mumona bilongo bionso bidimu bu bidi ne meba, ndi mbiepuka anu mundi mua kuepuka musongolo kampanda.”

Mu disambakaja malongesha a mu Bible ne nkindi ya bena Gelika, bilema biakabuela mu malongesha a teoloji a Origène, ne bipeta bivua bibi menemene bua Bukua-buena-Kristo. Tshilejilu, nansha muakaluabu kubenga malongesha mavule a Origène, lungenyi luvuaye mupatule lua “dikalaku dia tshiendelele” dia Kristo luakambuluisha bua kupatula dilongesha didi kadiyi dia mu Bible dia Busatu Bunsantu. Mukanda kampanda (The Church of the First Three Centuries) udi wamba ne: “Dilonda nkindi [ivua Origène mubueje mu ekeleziya] divua ne bua kushala mutantshi mule.” Ntshinyi tshiakenzeka pashishe? “Malongesha a bena Kristo akalua makole bua kuumvua, ne bilema bungi kabuyi kubala biakabuela mu Ekeleziya.”

Ku luende luseke, Origène uvua mua kuikala muteleje mubelu wa mupostolo Paulo ne muepuke dikebesha butontolodi ebu bu yeye ‘muepuke biakulakula bidi kabiyi biumvuangane ne ditabuja, ne mpata ya malu adibu babikila mu dishima ne: [ndimanya].’ Kadi pamutu pa nanku, Origène yeye wakangatshila mavule a ku malongesha ende ku “dimanya” edi, ‘kupambukaye mu njila wa ditabuja.’​—1 Timote 6:20, 21, MML; Kolosai 2:8.

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 31]

Mukanda wa “Hexaple” wa Origène udi uleja ne: dîna dia Nzambi divua mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Gelika ya bena Kristo

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Mupatula ne dianyisha dia Syndics of Cambridge University Library, T-S 12.182

[Mêyi a dianyisha bua tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 29]

Culver Pictures