Ekeleziya ne Mbulamatadi mu Byzance

YEZU (muntu wakenza Buena-Kristo) wakaleja patoke dishilangana dinene didi ne bua kuikala pankatshi pa bayidi bende ne bena panu badi kabayi batumikila Nzambi. Yezu wakambila bayidi bende ne: “Bu nuenu bikale ba panu, bena panu bavua mua kununanga bu bintu biabo. Kadi munudi kanuyi ba panu, ne mundi meme munusungule, munumbushe ku bia panu, ke padi bena panu banukina.” (Yone 15:19, MMM) Wakambila kabidi Pilato, uvua muleji-mpala wa mbulamatadi wa mu tshikondo atshi ne: “Bumfumu buanyi ki mbua panu apa to.”​—Yone 18:36, MMM.

Bua bena Kristo kukumbajabu mudimu wabu wa kuyisha too ‘ne ku mfudilu kua buloba,’ bavua ne bua kuenza muabu muonso bua malu a panu’apa kaababueji mu ditanaji. (Bienzedi 1:8) Anu bu Yezu,  bena Kristo ba kumpala kabavua ne bua kubuelakana mu malu a tshididi to. (Yone 6:15) Bantu bonso bakamona ne: bena Kristo ba lulamatu kabakangata mianzu ya mu mbulamatadi to. Kadi malu aa akalua kushintuluka.

“Ba panu”

Bidimu ndambu kunyima kua lufu lua mupostolo wa ndekelu, balombodi ba bitendelelu bakabanga kushintulula mushindu uvuabu badimona ne uvuabu bamona malu a panu. Bakatuadija kuela meji bua kuenza “bumfumu” buvua kabuyi anu ne bua kuikala bua pa buloba, kadi buvua kabidi ne bua kubuelakana mu malu a pa buloba. Dikonkonona mushindu uvua ekeleziya ne malu a tshididi bibuelakanangane mu Bukalenge bua bena Byzance (ku Est kua Bukalenge bua bena Lomo) ne tshimenga tshikulu tshikale Byzance (lelu Istanbul) neditupeshe dilongesha.

Ekeleziya wa mu Byzance (ne bulombodi buende butekela mu tshimenga tshia Byzance) uvua ne bukokeshi bunene bualu uvua muaba uvua bantu bangata ntendelelu ne mushinga wa bungi. Panayotis Christou, mufundi wa miyuki ya malu a kale a Ekeleziya wakamba umue musangu ne: “Bena mu Byzance bavua bangata bukalenge buabu bu tshimfuanyi tshia Bukalenge bua Nzambi.” Kadi bakokeshi ba mu bukalenge bua Byzance kabavua buobu anu bamona malu mushindu’au to. Ke bualu kayi, misangu mikuabu kuvua ndululu pankatshi pa Ekeleziya ne Mbulamatadidi. Nkonga-miaku mukuabu udi wamba ne: “Bepiskopo ba mu Constaninople [anyi Byzance] bakaleja ngikadilu mishilashilangane, bu mudi dikokela mfumu munene ne buôwa buonso . . . , diumvuangana dikole ne mukalenge . . . , ne dibenga bua kuenza disua dia mukalenge ne muoyo umue.”​—The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium.

Muepiskopo wa mu Constantinople, mulombodi wa Ekeleziya wa bena Ortodokse, wakalua muntu munene menemene. Yeye  ke wakasa mukalenge tshifulu tshia bumfumu, ke bualu kayi uvua mutekemene bua mukalenge kuluaye mubingishi munene wa Ekeleziya wa bena Ortodokse. Muepiskopo eu uvua kabidi ne bubanji bua bungi bualu yeye ke uvua ulama mpetu (mipite bungi) ya ekeleziya. Uvua ne bukokeshi buvule bualu uvua ku mutu kua badiambike ne balayike bungi tshianana.

Muepiskopo eu uvua misangu mivule welesha mukalenge mpata. Uvua mua kukana bua kuipata bakalenge mu Ekeleziya (wenzeja bantu ku bukole bua kuenza disua diende mu dîna dia Nzambi) anyi uvua mua kuenza mushindu mukuabu bua kubumbusha.

Bu muvua dilombola malu a mbulamatadi dienda dikepa pambelu pa tshimenga tshia Byzance ku kakese ku kakese, bepiskopo ke bavua misangu ya bungi benda balua bantu banene mu bimenga biabu, bavua balua ne bukokeshi bua muomumue ne bangovena ba mu ma-provense (bavuabu basungula anu kudi buobu bine bepiskopo aba). Bepiskopo bavua balondakaja bilumbu bia ku tubadi ne malu a dienda dia mushinga dîba dionso divua ekeleziya mubuelakanamu, ne pamu’apa nansha pavuabi kabiyi bimutangila. Tshivua tshitamba kuenzeja nanku tshivua bualu bansaserdose ne badiambike (bonso bavua muinshi mua bepiskopo) bavua binunu ne binunu.

 Malu a tshididi ne disumba mianzu

Anu mudi malu atudi bamone aa aleja, balongeshi ba ekeleziya bakabuelakana bikole mu malu a tshididi. Kabidi, bungi bupite bua balombodi ba ekeleziya ne midimu yabu ya ekeleziya bivua bilomba makuta a bungi. Balombodi ba Ekeleziya bavule bavua ku mutu menemene bavua ne nsombelu wa bena kantu ku bianza. Pakapeta ekeleziya bukokeshi ne bubanji, bupele ne bunsantu bia bapostolo biakajimina. Bamue bavua bafila makuta bua kubatekabu bansaserdose ne bepiskopo. Disumba mianzu divua ditangalake bikole too ne munkatshi mua bavua ne mianzu minene. Balombodi ba Ekeleziya, batua nyama ku mikolo kudi bisumbu bia babanji, bavua bafuila mianzu ya mu ekeleziya kumpala kua mukalenge.

Bavua kabidi bakosa balombodi banene ba ekeleziya mishiku. Pavua Zoé, mukaji wa Mukalenge (bu mu 978-1050 B.B.) mushipeshe bayende Romain III ne mukebe bua kumuselabu kudi muntu uvuaye munange uvua ne bua kulua Mukalenge (Michel IV), wakabikila Muepiskopo Alexis ne lukasa luonso kuende. Pakafika muepiskopo eu, yeye kumanya bua lufu lua Romain ne kumanya ne: bavua bashale bindile bua yeye kubanjija dibaka dipiadipia edi. Pakumvua Alexis ne: dilolo adi bavua basekelela Ditanu Dinsantu mu ekeleziya kabiakamusankisha to. Nansha nanku, wakitaba bintu biakamupeshabu ne kalolo kudi mukaji wa mukalenge au ne yeye kukumbaja dilomba diende.

Dikokela Mukalenge

Misangu mikuabu mu tshikondo tshia Bukalenge bua bena Byzance, mukalenge uvua wenza mudimu ne bukenji buvuaye nabu bua kupesha bantu mianzu pavuabi bikengela kuteka muepiskopo wa mu Constantinople. Mu tshikondo atshi, muntu nansha umue kavua mua kulua muepiskopo anyi kushala muepiskopo matuku a bungi kabiyi ku disua dia mukalenge to.

Mukalenge Andronic II (1260-1332) wakamona bikale ne mushinga bua kushintulula bepiskopo misangu tshitema. Ku misangu pavuaye ubashintulula nunku, uvua ne tshipatshila tshia kuteka muntu uvua utamba kumueneka ne musue bua kumukokela. Bilondeshile mukanda kampanda, muepiskopo mukuabu wakafundila mukalenge mukanda umulaya bua “kuenza malu onso avuaye ne bua kumulomba, nansha manyishibue anyi kaayi manyishibue, ne bua kubenga kuenza malu avua kaayi amusankisha.” (The Byzantines) Misangu ibidi mijima, Bakalenge bakenzeja disua diabu mu ekeleziya pa kuteka muana wa mu dîku dia Mukalenge muepiskopo. Mukalenge Romain I wakangata muanende Théophylacte uvua ne bidimu 16 patupu, kumutekaye muepiskopo.

Pavua muepiskopo kayi umusankisha, mukalenge uvua mua kumuenzeja ku bukole bua kulekelaye buepiskopo anyi uvua wambila bena mu tshipangu bua kumumbushabu. Mukanda mukuabu udi wamba ne: “Njila ne njila mu tshikondo tshia bena Byzance, bakokeshi banene ba mu mbulamatadi anyi mene Mukalenge yeye nkayende [bavua bafike] ku dikala ne dîyi mu disungula dia bepiskopo.”​—Byzance.

Mukalenge uvua kabidi ulombola bipangu bia ekeleziya ne muepiskopo musombe ku luseke luende. Uvua ulombola dishintakajangana dia ngenyi, uvua ufunda mikanda ya malu a Ekeleziya, ne uvua ukokangana ne bepiskopo ne batontolodi, bavuaye ndekelu wa bionso wangatshila dipangadika dia kubashipela ku mutshi. Mukalenge uvua kabidi ujadika ne ushindika mêyi ne mikandu bia Ekeleziya bivua tshipangu tshipatula. Uvua wamba bonso bavua babenga kulonda dîyi diende ne: bavua batombokele bumfumu ne bavua badienze baluishi ba ekeleziya ne ba Nzambi. Muepiskopo mukuabu wa mu bidimu bia 500 wakamba ne: “Bualu nansha bumue budi kabuyi bupetangana ne disua ne mêyi a Mukalenge kabuena ne bua kuenzeka mu Ekeleziya to.” Bepiskopo bavua mu lubanza lua mukalenge, bavua bantu ba bukalanga bua tshidingijilu, ba butumike,  bantu bavua balonda bipepele malu mamba anyi menza ne budimu bua kubitabijija bualu kampanda, kabavua babenga bualu bua mukokeshi uvua kumutu kuabu to.

Tshilejilu, pavua Muepiskopo Ignace (bu mu tshidimu tshia 799-878 B.B.) mubengele Ministre Munene Bardas bua kuangata nkomonyi, ministre eu wakamutuila nkanana. Bardas wakabuejakaja Ignace mu tshilumbu ne: uvua mumuyile mu tshitungu bua kumuenzela bibi. Bakakuata muepiskopo eu ne kumuipatabu mu ditunga. Bua kupingaja muntu mukuabu pa muaba wa muepiskopo au, ministre eu wakasunguisha Photius, layike wakabanda mianzu yonso mu ekeleziya mu matuku asambombo tshianana, ne ndekelu wa bionso kuluaye muepiskopo. Photius uvua mukumbaje malu malomba bua kuenza mudimu wa mu Ekeleziya au anyi? Bakamubikila ne: muntu “uvua musue lumu bikole, muena mushiku menemene, ne kavua ne dimanya nansha dikese mu malu a tshididi to.”

Badi benza mudimu ne malongesha a Ekeleziya mu malu a tshididi

Makokangana avuaku bua Ekeleziya wa bena Ortodokse ne bua batontolodi avua misangu mivule ajibakaja diluisha bamfumu ba tshididi, ne malu a tshididi ke avua atamba kulombola mukalenge, kadi ki ndijinga dia kupatula malongesha mapiamapia mu Ekeleziya nansha. Misangu ya bungi, mukalenge uvua ne bukenji bua kufila ende malongesha ne kuenzeja bena mu ekeleziya bua kutumikilabu disua diende.

Tshilejilu, Mukalenge Héraclius (575-641 B.B.) wakenza muende muonso bua kujikija dikokangana divua ditangila bumuntu bua Kristo divua difuanyike kupandulula bukalenge buende bukavua buteketangane. Bua kukosa tshilumbu etshi, wakapatula dilongesha dipiadipia diakabikilabu ne: Monothélisme. * Pashishe, bua kujadika ne: provense ya ku Sud kua bukalenge buende ivua ne bua kuitaba dilongesha edi, Héraclius wakateka muepiskopo mupiamupia wa mu Alexandrie: Cyrus wa mu Phasis, uvua muitabe dilongesha divua mukalenge ubingisha adi. Mukalenge wakateka Cyrus muepiskopo ne mfumu mu Ejipitu, muikale ne bukokeshi ku mutu kua bakokeshi bakuabu bonso ba mu ditunga edi. Cyrus wakenzeja bantu ba bungi ba mu ekeleziya wa mu Ejipitu bua kuanyishabu dilongesha edi, tshianana uvua mua kubakengesha.

Bakanowa bintu bibi menemene

Mmunyi muvua malu aa mua kupetangana ne mêyi ne diumvuija dia disambila dia Yezu diakambaye ne: bayidi bende kabavua ne bua kuikala “ba panu”?​—Yone 17:14-16, MMM.

Bamfumu bavua bamba muvuabu bena Kristo mu Bukalenge bua bena Byzance ne pashishe bakapeta bipeta bibi menemene bua dibuelakana diabu mu malu a tshididi ne a basalayi. Ntshinyi tshidi dikonkonona muanda eu mu tshikoso dikulongesha? Balombodi ba Ekeleziya wa mu Byzance bakapeta dianyisha dia Nzambi ne dia Kristo anyi?​—Yakobo 4:4.

Balombodi ba ekeleziya aba ba lukuka ne bantu babu bavua basue malu a tshididi ki mbambuluishe Buena-Kristo bulelela nansha kakese. Disambakaja dibi edi dia ekeleziya ne malu a tshididi kaditu dileje bantu ntendelelu mulelela wakalongesha Yezu to. Tupetayi malongesha mu miyuki ya malu a kale ne katuikadi “ba panu” to.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Kazubu/​Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 10]

“ANU BU NZAMBI WENDA BITEKETE MU DIULU”

Mianda yakenzekela Muepiskopo Michel Cérulaire (1000-1059) idi ileja mudimu uvua mulombodi wa ekeleziya ne bua kuenza mu malu ne bipatshila bia Mbulamatadi. Yeye mumane kulua muepiskopo, Cérulaire wakajinga bua kupetaye kabidi muanzu mubandile bikole. Bakamubikila ne: muena diambu, mudibandishi, ne muena malu makole, “umueneka ku ngikadilu wende bu nzambi wenda bitekete mu diulu.”

Bua dijinga diende dia kudibandisha muanzu, Cérulaire wakenzeja bantu bua kutapulukangana ne pape mu Lomo mu tshidimu tshia 1054, ne wakasaka mukalenge bua kuitaba ditapuluka edi. Bu muvua bualu ebu bumusankishe, Cérulaire wakalongolola bua kuteka Michel VI mukalenge ne wakamuambuluisha bua kukolesha bumfumu buende. Kunyima kua tshidimu tshimue, Cérulaire wakenzeja mukalenge eu bua kumbuka, ne yeye kuteka Isaac Comnène (bu mu 1005-1061) mu nkuasa.

Ndululu yakakuatakana pankatshi pa bepiskopo ne bukalenge. Bu muvua bantu batue Cérulaire nyama ku mikolo, wakakana, kuenzejaye bantu malu ku bukole ne kuenzaye malu a tshikisu. Mufundi mukuabu wa Malu a kale wa mu tshikondo tshiende wakamba ne: “Wakamanyisha dijimija nkuasa dia Mukalenge mu mêyi avua bantu ba mu njila bamba ne: ‘Meme kukubandisha wewe musenji eu; kadi nenkubutule.’” Nansha nanku, Isaac Comnène wakamukuatshisha, kumueleshaye mu buloko ne kumutumishaye mu tshidiila tshidibu babikila lelu ne: Imroz.

Bilejilu ebi bidi bileja muvua muepiskopo wa mu Constantinople mua kujula bimvundu bia bungi ne muvuaye mua kukandamena mukalenge ne dikima dionso. Misangu mivule Mukalenge uvua ne bua kuluangana ne bantu ba mushindu’eu, bavua bena tshididi bapiluke, bamanye mua kudingakaja mukalenge ne basalayi.

[Karte/​Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 9]

(Bua kumona malu bimpe, tangila mu mukanda)

Bunene bua Bukalenge bua bena Byzance

Ravenne

Lomo

MAKEDONIA

Constantinople

Mbuu Mufike

Nicée

Efeso

Antiokia

Yelushalema

Alexandrie

Mbuu wa Mediterane

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Karte: Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.

[Bimfuanyi mu mabeji 10, 11]

Comnène

Romain III (ku dia bakaji)

Michel IV

Zoé mukaji wa Mukalenge

Romain I (ku dia bakaji)

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Comnène, Romain III, ne Michel IV: Ne dianyisha dia Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.; Mukalenge-mukaji Zoé: Hagia Sophia; Romanus I: Foto ne dianyisha dia Harlan J. Berk, Ltd.

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 12]

Photius

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 12]

Héraclius ne muanende wa balume

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Héraclius ne muanende: Foto mukuata ne dianyisha dia Harlan J. Berk, Ltd.; mikuabu yonso, dibeji dia 8-12: Biangatshila mu mukanda wa L’Art Byzantin III Ravenne et Pompose