Disua kubengangana dia mêyi a Tertullien

‘DIFUANANGANA didi penyi pankatshi pa muena Kristo ne muena nkindi? pankatshi pa muntu udi unyanga bulelela ne muntu udi ubululamija ne ubulongesha? Ndiumvuangana kayi didi pankatshi pa Tshilongelu tshia bena nkindi ne Ekeleziya?’ Nkonko mikole eyi ivua miela kudi mufundi wa mu lukama luibidi lua bidimu, diende Tertullien. Wakalua kumanyika bu “umue wa ku bantu badi batambe kupatula mikanda ya malu a Ekeleziya ne ya malongesha avuabu balongesha mu tshikondo tshiende.” Wakakula bua malu a mu ekeleziya pabuipi ne onso.

Tertullien uvua pamu’apa mumanyike bikole bua mêyi ende avua menze bu avua asua kubengangana anyi kupangakanangana, bu mudi mêyi ende a se: “Nunku Nzambi udi nangananga munene, padiye muikale mukese.” “[Lufu lua Muana wa Nzambi] mmuanda udi ukengela kuwitaba mu mishindu yonso, bualu kaluena lumvuika to.]” “[Yezu] wakajikibua, ne wakajuka tshiakabidi; muanda eu mmulelela, bualu kawena mua kuenzeka to.”

Kudi malu makuabu akamba Tertullien pa kumbusha aa adi menze bu adi asua kubengangana. Nansha muvuaye musue bua se: mikanda yende ibingishe bulelela ne malu makane ne malongesha a ekeleziya, yeye pende wakanyanga malongesha malelela. Tshintu tshinene tshidiye muambuluishe natshi Bukua-buena-Kristo ndilongesha diakalua kupesha bafundi bakuabu njila wa kupatula dilongesha dia Busatu Bunsantu. Bua kumvua muakenzekabi, tuanjayi kuela dîsu kakese mu malu a nsombelu wa Tertullien muine.

“Katu muanji kutondeshangana”

Katuena bamanye malu a bungi a nsombelu wa Tertullien to. Bamanyi bavule badi bamba ne: uvua muledibue bu mu tshidimu tshia 160 B.B. mu tshimenga tshia Carthage, ku Nord kua Afrike. Bidi bimueneka ne: uvua mulonge bikole ne uvua mumanyangane bimpe menemene ne bena mu bisumbu binene bia bena nkindi ba mu tshikondo tshiende. Bidi bimueneka kabidi ne: tshiakamukoka mu Buena-Kristo tshivua mushindu uvua bantu bavua badiamba muvuabu bena Kristo bitaba ku budisuile bua kufuila ditabuja diabu. Pa bidi bitangila difuila ditabuja dia bena Kristo ba ku dîna aba, wakakonka ne: “Bua nnganyi udi wela meji a kufuila ditabuja, udi kayi muenzejibue bua kukonka tshivua tshisaka bantu bua kufuila ditabuja diabu? ne nnganyi udi, kunyima kua yeye mumane kukonka bualu ebu, kayi witaba malongesha etu?”

Kunyima kua yeye mumane kuitaba Buena-Kristo bua ku dîna, Tertullien wakalua mufundi mupiluke uvua ufunda mêyi majalame ne a meji. Mukanda mukuabu udi wamba ne: “[Yeye] uvua ne tshipedi tshivua bena teoloji ba bungi kabayi natshi to. Katu muanji kutondeshangana.” (The Fathers of the Church) Mumanyi mukuabu wakamba ne: “Tertullien [uvua] ne tshipedi tshia kupeta miaku pamutu pa biambilu ne mbitambe kuteketa bua kumvua mêyi ende a meji kupita diumvua dia bijadikilu bidiye ufila. Pamu’apa ke tshidibu batamba kutelela mêyi ende misangu ya bungi ne kabayi batamba kutela bitupa biawu bile.”

Udi ubingisha Buena-Kristo

Mukanda wa Tertullien udi mutambe kuenda lumu ngua Apology, udibu bangata bu umue wa ku mikanda minene menemene idi ibingisha Buena-Kristo bua ku dîna. Bavua bafunde mukanda eu mu tshikondo tshivuabu batamba kukengesha bena Kristo kudi bena tshimvundu bavua balonda malu a bitabataba. Tertullien wakabingisha bena Kristo aba ne wakaleja muvua dibakengesha edi kadiyi  bualu bua meji. Wakamba ne: “[Baluishi] badi bamona ne: bena Kristo ke badi bakebeshe ntatu ne makenga onso adi nawu bantu. . . . Biabenga musulu wa Nile kuula bua kusapalaja mâyi too ne mu madimi, biabenga kulu kushintuluka, kuoku kuenzeke tshikumina, kuikale nzala anyi tshipupu kampanda, tudi tumvua bamba diakamue ne: ‘Elayi bena Kristo mu tshina tshia ntambue!’”

Nansha muvuabu misangu mivule babanda bena Kristo ne: kabena ne lulamatu kudi Mbulamatadi, Tertullien wakenza muende muonso bua kuleja ne: mu bulelela, buobu ke bavua bena-muabu ba kutamba kueyemena mu ditunga dijima. Kunyima kua yeye mumane kuakula bua misangu mivule ivuabu bakebe bua kutonkola mbulamatadi, wakavuluija baluishi bende ne: bedi ba bifufu abu bavua bajukile munkatshi mua bantu bavua kabayi batendelela Nzambi, ki mmua bena Kristo to. Tertullien wakaleja kabidi ne: pavuabu bashipa bena Kristo, uvua ujimija bia bungi uvua anu mbulamatadi.

Mikanda mikuabu ya Tertullien ivua yakula bua nsombelu wa buena Kristo. Tshilejilu, mu mukanda wende mukuabu (Les spectacles), Tertullien wakabela bantu bua kuepuka diya imue miaba ya manaya a bantu bavua kabayi batendelela Nzambi, ne ivuabu benzela teyatre. Bidi bimueneka ne: kuvua bena kuitabuja bapiabapia bavua kabayi bamona bubi bua kusangila bua kulonga malu a mu Bible ne pashishe kubuela mu manaya a bantu bavua kabayi batendelela Nzambi. Tertullien wakakeba bua kusonsola ngelelu wabu wa meji pakafundaye ne: “Mbualu bua buôwa be bua kufuma mu ekeleziya wa Nzambi kuya mu wa diabolo, kufuma ku malu a mu nyuma kuya mu tshikumbi tshia nyama.” Wakamba kabidi ne: “Tshinudi nubenga mu bienzedi, kanuena ne bua kutshitaba mu mêyi nansha.”

Udi unyanga bulelela mu dikeba bua kububingisha

Tertullien wakatuadija mukanda wende uvua ne tshiena-bualu tshia Contre Praxéas wamba ne: “Diabolo mmuluishe ne mmukandamene bulelela mu mishindu mishilashilangane. Imue misangu tshipatshila tshiende ntshia kunyanga bulelela mu dikeba bua kububingisha.” Muntu uvua ne dîna dia Praxéas mu mukanda eu ki mmumanyike bimpe to, kadi Tertullien wakela mpata bua malongesha ende adi atangila Nzambi ne Kristo. Uvua wangata Praxéas bu muena mudimu wa Satana uvua ukeba muinshimuinshi bua kunyanga Buena-Kristo.

Tshilumbu tshinene tshivua munkatshi mua bena Kristo ba ku dîna tshikondo atshi tshivua malanda adi pankatshi pa Nzambi ne Kristo. Bamue ba munkatshi muabu, nangananga bena Gelika, bavua bamona kakuyi diumvuangana pankatshi pa ditabuja Nzambi umuepele ne mudimu wa Yezu wa Musungidi ne Mupandishi. Praxéas wakateta bua kujikija tshilumbu etshi pakalongeshaye ne: Yezu uvua patupu mmuenekelu mukuabu wa Tatu, ne kakuvua dishilangana pankatshi pa Tatu ne Muana to. Dilongesha edi (divuabu bumvuija ne: bantu basatu ba mu Busatu Bunsantu ‘mmuenekelu’ isatu ya Nzambi) didi diamba ne: Nzambi wakadileja “bu Tatu mu tshikondo tshia Bufuki ne tshiakafilaye Mikenji, wakadileja bu Muana munda mua Yezu Kristo, ne bu Nyuma Muimpe kunyima kua dibanda dia Kristo mu diulu.”

Tertullien wakamba ne: Bible mmuleje patoke dishilangana didi pankatshi pa Tatu ne Muana. Kunyima kua yeye mumane kutela mêyi a mu  1 Kolinto 15:27, 28, wakaleja ne: “Yeye wakateka (bintu bionso) muinshi mua makasa, ne Yeye uvuabu babitekele muinshi mua makasa, mu mishindu yonso badi ne bua kuikala Bantu babidi bashilangane.” Tertullien wakavuluija mêyi akamba Yezu nkayende a ne: “Tatu udi muntambe meme.” (Yone 14:28) Wakatela bitupa bia mêyi a mu Mikanda ya tshiena-Ebelu bu mudi a mu Musambu 8:5, bua kuleja mudi Bible umvuija “bupuekele” bua Muana. Tertullien wakajikija wamba ne: “Nunku Tatu mmushilangane ne Muana, mmupite Muana ku bunene. Yeye udi ulela udi umue, ne Yeye udibu balela mmukuabu; kabidi Yeye udi utumangana udi umue, ne Yeye udibu batuma mmukuabu; ne kabidi Yeye udi wenza udi umue, ne Yeye udibu benzela bualu mu yeye mmukuabu.”

Tertullien uvua wamba ne: Muana mmushadile kudi Tatu. Bushuwa, pavuaye ukeba bua kuleja bubi bua dilongesha dia mmuenekelu edi, ‘wakasambuka mikalu ya tshidibu bafunde.’ (1 Kolinto 4:6, MMM) Pavua Tertullien ukeba bua kujadika bunzambi bua Yezu ne dilongesha dikuabu, wakapatula mêyi a se: “Nzambi umue mu bantu basatu.” Wakangata dilongesha edi bua kuleja ne: Nzambi, Muanende ne nyuma muimpe bavua bantu basatu bashilangane bikale munda mua Nzambi umue. Nunku Tertullien wakalua muntu wa kumpala wakangata muaku wa mu Latin udi umvuija “busatu bunsantu” bua kuakula bua Tatu, Muana ne nyuma muimpe.

Dimukilayi nkindi ya bena panu

Mmunyi muakafika Tertullien ku dipatula dilongesha dia “Nzambi umue munda mua bantu basatu”? Tudi tupeta diandamuna mu malu makuabu adi asua kubengangana pa bidi bitangila muntu eu, mmumue ne: mushindu uvuaye wangata nkindi. Tertullien wakabikila nkindi ne: “‘malongesha’ a bantu ne ‘a ba-demon.’” Wakabipisha patoke tshilele tshia kuangata nkindi bua kubingisha malu malelela a bena Kristo. Wakamba ne: “Epukayi malu onso adi mua kupatula Buena-Kristo bunyanguke budi bulonda ngenyi ya Stoiko ne ya Platon.” Nansha nanku, Tertullien nkayende wakangata malu a bungi a mu nkindi pavuaye umona apetangana ne ngenyi yende.​—Kolosai 2:8.

Mukanda mukuabu udi wamba ne: “Dilongesha dia busatu bunsantu divua dilomba bua kuelamu malongesha ne ngenyi bia bena Gelika bua kuyadi kumpala ne kutangalakadi.” Ne munga mukanda udi wamba ne: “[Tshivua] disambakana dibi dia ngenyi ne mêyi bia bantu bavua banekeshe ne dilamata ku mikenji ne bena nkindi, diakambuluisha Tertullien bua kupatula dilongesha dia busatu bunsantu diakafikisha bena mu Tshipangu tshia ku Nicée ku ngumvuilu wa ndekelu wa dilongesha edi, nansha muvuadi ne mikalu ne biadi bilema.” (The Theology of Tertullian) Nunku, mêyi a Tertullien a se: bantu basatu mu Nzambi umue akambuluisha bikole bua kutangalaja mashimi a bitendelelu mu Bukua-buena-Kristo bujima.

Tertullien uvua wamba muvua bakuabu banyanga bulelela pavuabu bakeba bua kububingisha. Pabi, pakasambakajaye nkindi ya bantu ne bulelela bua mu Bible bufundisha ku nyuma wa Nzambi, wakapona pende mu buteyi bua muomumue. Nunku tutumikilayi mubelu eu wa mu Mukanda wa Nzambi udi udimuija bua kubenga ‘kulamata ku [mêyi a] nyuma adi apambuisha ne ku mayisha a bademon.’​—1 Timote 4:1.

[Bimfuanyi mu mabeji 29, 30]

Tertullien uvua ubipisha malu a nkindi, kadi wakaangata bua kutangalaja ngenyi yende

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Dibeji dia 29 ne dia 30: © Cliché Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 31]

Bena Kristo balelela badi bepuka disambakaja nkindi ya bantu ne bulelela bua mu Bible