Dilongesha ditudi tupeta mu muyuki wa malu a kale a bena Lomo

“BINGIKALA muluangane ne nyama ku Efeso bu mudi tshilele tshia bantu.” Bamue batu bela meji ne: mêyi adi mu 1 Kolinto 15:32 aa adi umvuija se: bavua bakosele mupostolo Paulo tshibawu tshia kuluangana mvita mu tshipalu tshia manaya mu Lomo. Ni uvua muluangane anyi kayi muluangane mvita ayi, diluangana mvita mu bipalu bua kushipangana divua dienzeka bikole mu tshikondo atshi. Ntshinyi tshidi muyuki wa malu a kale utuambila bua tshipalu tshia manaya ne mianda ivua yenzekamu?

Tuetu bena Kristo tudi basue kulongesha tuondo tuetu tua muoyo mu diumvuangana ne meji a Yehowa, ke tshidi mua kutuambuluisha bua kuangata mapangadika pa bidi bitangila manaya adiku lelu. Tshilejilu, tangila tshidi mêyi adi alonda aa aleja mushindu udi Nzambi umona: ‘Kuikadi ne muena tshimbambila [anyi tshikisu] mukawu, kulondi bualu nansha bumue budiye wenza.’ (Nsumuinu 3:31) Mubelu eu ke wakalombola bena Kristo ba kumpala pavua bantu ba bungi bavua babanyunguluke basankidila manaya a diluangana mvita a bena Lomo. Patudi tukonkonona malu avua enzeka mu manaya aa, tukebayi bua kumanya dilongesha ditoke didi bena Kristo mua kupetamu lelu.

 Baluanganyi babidi bavuale bia mvita badi bakungamangana mu tshipalu tshia mu Lomo. Padibu bakumangana miele ya mvita pa ngabu, bantu musumba badi bela mbila bua kukankamija muluanganyi udibu basue. Mmvita mibi mitambe. Katupa kakese, mumane kutapika ne kayi ne bukole bua kutungunuka kabidi, muntu udibu batshimune udi wimansha biende bia mvita ne utuila binu panshi bua kuleja mudibu bamutshimune ne bua kulomba luse. Bantu badi batuadija kuela bibingu bikole. Bamue badi bela mbila bua kumufuila luse, bakuabu pabu balomba lufu luende. Bantu bonso badi bashala batangile mfumu wa ampire mujima. Yeye mumane kumona tshidi dijinga dia bantu ba bungi, udi mua kulekela muena mvita udibu batshimune peshi udi mua kutangija minu ya biala biende panshi bua kulomba lufu luende.

Bena Lomo bavua basue kubandila mvita ya mu bipalu. Bidi mua kukukemesha bua kumvua ne: kumpala bavua baluangana mvita eyi dîba divuabu bajika bantu banene. Batu bamba ne: mvita eyi ivua mifumine ku tshilele tshia difila milambu ya bantu tshivua munkatshi mua ba-Osque anyi ba-Samnite, bisamba bia muaba ukadi munkatshi mua ditunga dia Italie lelu. Bavua bafila milambu eyi bua kupolesha mikishi ya bafue. Mvita eyi bavua bayibikila ne: munus, mmumue ne: “dipa” (ku bungi: munera). Manaya a kumpala a mu Lomo adibu bafunde mu mikanda avua menzeke mu tshidimu tshia 264 K.B.B. pakaluangana bisumbu bisatu bia baluanganyi babidi babidi mu tshisalu tshia ngombe. Pakayabu bua kujika Marc Émile Lépide, bakasongakaja tusumbu 22 tua bantu babidi babidi tuakaluangana mvita. Pavuabu bakajika Publius Licinius, bakaluangana kudi tusumbu 60 tua bantu babidi babidi. Mu tshidimu tshia 65 K.B.B., Jules César wakabueja tusumbu 320 tua baluanganyi babidi babidi mu tshipalu.

Keith Hopkins mufundi wa malu a kale udi wamba ne: “Bikondo bia dijika dia bantu banene bivua mushindu wa kutuma malu a tshididi kumpala, ne manaya avua enzeka dîba dia dijikangana avua mabuelakane ne malu a tshididi . . . bualu bavua baasue bikole kudi beledianganyi ba tukanda mu masungulangana. Bushuwa, tshivua tshitambe kutumbishisha manaya a diluangana mvita nditembangana dia bena tshididi divua pankatshi pa bantu banene bavua bakeba lumu.” Mu bukokeshi bua Auguste (mu 27 K.B.B. too ne mu 14 B.B.), munera uvua mulue mapa mapite bungi (bua kusankisha bantu bavua balue kubandila) avua banene ba mbulamatadi babanji bafila bua kutuma midimu yabu ya tshididi kumpala.

Mushindu uvuabu balongesha bantu bavua baluangana mvita ya mu tshipalu

Pamu’apa udi mua kudiebeja ne: ‘Mbanganyi bavua baluanganyi ba mvita eyi ya mu bipalu?’ Bavua mua kuikala bapika, babundi ba bilumbu bavuabu bafundile tshibawu tshia lufu, bena buloko bakuata mu mvita, anyi bantu bavua kabayi ku bupika bavua basue anu kusanka patupu peshi bua kupeta butumbi ne bubanji. Bavua babalongesha bonso mu tulasa tuenze bu nzubu ya maloko. Mukanda mukuabu wa Manaya a kubandila (Giochi e spettacoli) udi uleja ne: baluanganyi bavuabu balongesha “bavua anu babalame kudi balami ne dîsu dipite bukole, bavua babelele mikenji mikole menemene, ne bavua nangananga babapesha manyoka a tshikisu tshikole . . . Dibakisa dia mushindu’eu divua misangu mivule dibafikisha ku didishipa ne ku ditombokela bamfumu.” Tshilongelu tshitambe bunene tshia baluanganyi ba mu bipalu mu Lomo tshivua ne tuzubu tukese muvuabu basombele kudi bantu bobu bakese ntshinunu. Muntu yonso uvua ne tshiende tshivuaye ulonga bua kushikuluja. Bamue bavua baluangana ne bia mvita, ne ngabu, ne miele, bakuabu bavua baluangana ne makondo ne mafuma a mitu isatu. Bakuabu pabu bavua babalongesha mua kuluangana ne nyama ya luonji mu dinaya dikuabu divua bantu batambe kusua divuabu babikila ne: bulembi. Paulo uvua mua kuikala wakula bua bualu bua nunku anyi?

Balongolodi ba manaya aa bavua baya kudi bantu bavua benzeja midimu bavua bangata ne balongesha bansonga ba bidimu 17 peshi 18 bua kuluabu baluanganyi ba mvita ya mu bipalu. Disumbisha bantu  divua mudimu uvua upetesha makuta a bungi. Mu dinaya dia dikema diakenzeja Trajan bua kusekelela ditshimuna dia basalayi bende muvua baluanganyi 10 000 ne nyama 11 000.

Dituku divua manaya enzeka mu tshipalu

Mu dinda dionso tshipalu tshivua tshilamina manaya a bulembi. Bavua pamu’apa bela nyama ya luonji ya mishindu yonso mu tshipalu. Babandidi bavua nangananga banyisha disongakaja dia ngombe ne ours bua kuluanganabi. Misangu mivule, bavua basuika nyama eyi pamue bua iluangane too ne pavua umue ufua, pashishe uvua ushala ne muoyo au bavua bamushipa kudi tshilembi. Mvita mikuabu ivua bantu basue ngeyi ivuabu bateka ntambue ne tshisumpa ntambue, peshi nzevu ne ours. Babilembi bavua baleja dimanya diabu pavuabu bashipa nyama ya ku ba-bende ivuabu bafume nayi mu matunga makuabu a mu ampire wa bena Lomo nansha bikalayi ivua ya mushinga kayi, nkashama, rhinocéros, tshiboko, ntengu mule bidimba, bimungu, tumelu, mibuabua, ngulube ya ditu, ne ngulungu.

Bantu kabavua bapua bilembi muoyo to bua malu avua enzeka mu tshipalu. Bavua batekamu mabue, benze majiba makese a mâyi, ne bakunamu mitshi bua kumuenekabi bu mu ditu. Mu bimue bipalu, nyama ivua ipatuka bienze anu bu mu majimbu, ivua ipatukila muinshi mua buloba pa masoso avuabu balongolole, bayambula ne katumba paku muinshi mua buloba. Malu avua nyama yenza avua bantu kabayi belele meji avua asankisha bantu, kadi bualu budi bumueneka ne: buvua bubasankisha bikole mu manaya a bulembi buvua tshikisu tshivuamu.

Diluangana mvita divua dilua pashishe. Bavua badienzeja bua manaya aa ikale anu bu malu malelela. Bavua benza manaya a didikija malu a mu mianu muvua banayi bafua tshia bushuwa.

Mu mêba a mapingaja, bisumbu bishilangane bia baluanganyi bikale ne bia mvita bia mishindu mishilangane ne balongesha mvita mishilangane bavua baluishangana mvita. Bamue ba ku bavua bapatula bitalu pambelu bavua bavuale bu mutubu bazola diabolo.

Tshivua babandidi bumvua bua malu aa

Bantu kabavua batshioka dibandila mvita eyi, ke bualu kayi bavua bangata mfimbu ne milonda mikuate kapia kakole bua kusaka baluanganyi bavua belakana bua kulua mvita. Babandidi bavua bela mbila ne: “Bua tshinyi udi wakama muele wa mvita ne buôwa nunku? Bua tshinyi udi ukuma bitekete nanku? Bua tshinyi ki [mmusue] kufua? Muelayi mfimbu bua aye kuluangana mvita! Balekelayi batutangane, tshiadi mukidi bua kutapangana nabu miele bimpe!” Sénèque, muena mbulamatadi wa mu Lomo, mmufunde wamba ne: pavuabu bafika dîba dia dikisha bavua bafila dimanyisha ne: “Mu dikisha emu kukosaku muntu muminu nansha kakese, bua se: kuikalaku anu bualu budi bantu mua kubandila!”

Kabiena bikemesha bua mudi Sénèque uleja ne: wakapingana kumbelu “muikale ne tshikisu tshikole menemene, mushale bu nyama.” Mêyi au akamba mubandidi eu ne muoyo mujima adi mmakanyine bua tuetu kuelanganapu meji bikole. Babandidi ba amue manaya a lelu kabienaku mua kuikala bibashiya pabu mushindu wa muomumue, balua “ne tshikisu tshikole menemene, anu bu nyama” anyi?

Bamue bantu bavua bapingana ku mbelu bavua badimona ba diakalenga. Pavua mubandidi umue wamba bualu bubi mu bilele pa bidi bitangila Domitien, amperere au uvua utuma dîyi bua kumujulabu mu nkuasa uvuaye musombe ne kumuela mu mbua. Dipangika  dia bantu ba kushipa diakasaka Caligula bua kutuma dîyi ne: bakuate babandidi bavua basombe mu tshitupa kampanda ne babele mu nyama ya luonji. Pavua mashinyi a ku tshipalu kaayi enza mudimu bu muvua Claude musue, uvua utuma dîyi bua bele balongolodi ba mashinyi avua kaayi menze mudimu bimpe mu tshipalu bua kuluanganabu mvita.

Babandidi bavua pabu bafikisha ku makenga manene ne ku bimvundu. Nzubu wa manaya uvua ku Nord kua Lomo wakupuka, ne badi bamba ne:bantu binunu ne binunu bakafuamu. Tshimvundu tshiakajuka mu manaya akenzeka ku Pompéi mu tshidimu tshia 59 B.B. Tacite udi uleja ne: bimvundu biakajuka pankatshi pa bantu ba muaba umue ne makokangana a mu tshimenga tshivua pabuipi apu biakabanga ne dielangana bipendu, pashishe diasangana mabue, ne kushikilabi ne ditapangana miele ya mvita. Bantu ba bungi bakakoseka bimue bitupa bia mubidi peshi kutapika mputa, ne bavule bakafua.

Dilongesha ditoke

Filme wakalejabu (Sangue e arena, “Mashi ne Lusenga”) matuku mashale aa mu tshipalu tshia manaya tshia mu Lomo (Colisée) wakaleja mudi manaya a lelu mafuanangana ne munera. Mu filme eu bakaleja bimue bitupa bia mvita ivua ngomba iluangana, batutshianganyi ba mbata bapiluke, dikumakana dikuate buôwa dia mashinyi ne ntukutuku ya benji ba manaya batembanganyi ba lubilu, mvita mikole ya bena manaya a ditembangana, ne mvita ya ivuabu baluangana kudi babandidi bikale mu kayumbayumba. Filme eu wakajika ne foto mukuatshila mulu wa tshipalu tshia manaya tshia Colisée. Udi umona ne: bavua balue kumona filme eu bavua mua kuamba tshinyi? Mbantu bungi munyi bavua mua kupeta dilongesha mu malu aa?

Mvita ya mbua, ya nzolo ya bitala, ya ngombe, ne manaya a tshikisu mbitangalake mu amue matunga lelu. Badi bateka mioyo ya bantu mu njiwu bua kusankisha misumba ya bantu ne manaya a ditembangana mbilu ya mashinyi ne ntukutuku. Ne elabi meji bua malu adibu baleja ku TV dituku dionso. Malu adibu bakonkonone mu dimue ditunga dia ku mputu akaleja ne: bana batu babandila TV nanku-nanku badi mua kumona bantu 10 000 bashipangana ne bantu 100 000 benzelangana bibi padibu bakumbaja bidimu dikumi.

Tertullien mufundi wa mu bidimu nkama isatu bia kumpala wakamba ne: masanka a babandidi kaavua “apetangana ne tshitendelelu tshilelela ne ditumikila Nzambi mulelela dia bushuwa.” Uvua wangata bantu bavua babandila malu aa bu bavua tshintu tshimue ne bavua bashipangana. Tuambe tshinyi bua matuku etu aa? Pamu’apa udi mua kudiebeja ne: ‘Manaya a ditulangana mashi, a dishipangana, peshi a tshikisu adibu baleja ku TV peshi ku Internet atuku ansankisha anyi?’ Mbimpe bua tuetu kuvuluka mêyi a mu Musambu 11:5 adi amba ne: ‘Yehowa udi uteta muntu muakane; kadi mutshima wende udi ne muntu mubi ne muntu udi musue malu a tshimbambila lukuna.’

[Kazubu mu dibeji 28]

Milambu bua “kupolesha bafue“

Mufundi Tertullien udi wamba bua mushindu wakatuadija mvita ya baluanganyi ba mu bipalu ne: “Bena kale bavua bela meji ne: pavuabu benza malu aa bavua bambuluisha bafue, kunyima kua buobu bamane kutekesha mvita eyi ne mushindu wa tshikisu uvuabu batambe kuibidila nawu. Bua bena kale, bu muvuabu bitaba ne: mashi a muntu adi umbusha mpekatu ya anyima ya bafue, bavua ne tshibidilu tshia kulambula bantu bavuabu bakuate anyi bapika ba mukodikodi bavuabu basumbe bu mulambu. Pashishe bavua basokoka bubi buabu ebu pakavuijabu tshilele etshi bu bualu bua disanka. Nunku kunyima kua bamane kulongesha bantu aba bavuabu basumbe mushindu wa kuluangana muabu muonso (balonga mua kudishipesha) ne bia mvita bivuaku tshikondo atshi, pashishe bavua babashipela pa nkita dituku divuabu balongolole bua kujika mufue kampanda. Nunku bantu ba mu tshikondo atshi bavua bapeta busambi dituku divua muntu mufue pavuabu bashipa bantu bakuabu. Eu ke mushindu wakabanga munus. Kadi mu bungi bua matuku, bakabanga kutshinkila bunene bua disanka diabu ku bungi bua malu abu a tshikisu, mmumue ne: disanka diabu divua dikumbana dituku dia musekelelu anu pavua nyama ya luonji isunsula mibidi ya bantu. Bavua bangata bantu bavuabu balambula bua kupolesha bafue bu mukiya wa kukumbaja kumpala kua kujikangana.”

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 27]

Tshifulu ne tshibuikilu tshia pa kalum’a mukolo bia muluanganyi ya mu tshipalu pa kale

[Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 29]

Bena Kristo ba kale kabavua basue manaya a tshikisu to. Ke muudi pebe anyi?

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Ditutangana mbata: Dave Kingdon/​Index Stock Photography; mashinyi madishinde: AP Photo/​Martin Seppala

[Mêyi a dianyisha bua tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 26]

Phoenix Art Museum, Arizona/​Bridgeman Art Library