Alexandre VI, Papa udi bena Lomo kabayi bapue muoyo

“BUA bena Katolike, kakuena mushindu wa kupisha kupishilamu Alexandre VI to.” (Geschichte der Päpste seit dem Ausgang des Mittelalters [Malu a bapapa ba ku ndekelu kua Moyen-Âge]) “Wakenza malu mabi a bungi be mu nsombelu wende . . . Tudi ne bua kumanya ne: Papa eu wakanyanga lumu lua Ekeleziya. Malu a tshikisu akenza bena mu dîku dia Borgia akakuatshisha bantu ba mu tshikondo tshiabu buôwa bukole, nansha muvuabu bibidile kumona malu makuabu a buena au. Bipeta bia malu abu a tshikisu au kabiakajimina bionso to, nansha mukadiku kupite bidimu bipite pa 400.”​—L’Église et la Renaissance (1449-1517).

Bua tshinyi mikanda mimanyike bikole ya miyuki ya malu a kale idi yakula bua Ekeleziya Katolike idi ne malu adi apisha bikole papa kampanda ne bena mu dîku diende nunku? Ntshinyi tshiakenzabu bua kubapishabu nunku? Bimfuanyi kampanda biakalejabu mu Lomo (mu Kasuamansense 2002–Luishi 2003), bivuabu babikila ne: Bena mu dîku dia Borgia bavua bantu ba bukole (I Borgia​—l’arte del potere) biakafila mushindu wa kuelangana meji bua manême mapatula kudi bapapa, nangananga bua mushindu uvua Rodrigo Borgia anyi Alexandre VI (papa 1492-1503) mukuate mudimu ne manême aa.

Udi ulua muntu wa lumu

Rodrigo Borgia wakaledibua mu tshidimu tshia 1431 mu dîku dia bena kantu ku bianza mu musoko wa Jávita, mu bukalenge bua Aragon (lelu mu ditunga dia Espagne). Mansebende Alfonso de Borgia uvua muepiskopo wa mu Valence wakalongeshisha muana wa muanabu eu tulasa ne kuenzaye bua se: nansha muvua Rodrigo mutshikale ne bidimu dikumi ne bia mu njila, ikale mua kuenza mudimu wa bunsaserdose, upeta ne difutu. Patshivua Rodrigo ne bidimu 18 (mutshikale mu bianza bia Alfonso uvua muikale kardinale tshikondo atshi) wakaya mu ditunga dia Italie bua kulonga tulasa tua malu a mikenji. Pakalua Alfonso Papa Calixtus muisatu, wakateka Rodrigo ne muîpu wende mukuabu LIuís bakardinale. Mumpere LIuís Borgia eu wakalua ngovena wa bimenga bia bungi. Bakateka diakamue Rodrigo mulombodi tshindondi wa ekeleziya, muanzu wakashalaye nawu mu tshikondo tshia bapapa bashilashilangane, wakamupetesha bintu bia bungi, kuboyaye biuma bungi tshianana, kuluaye muntu wa lumu lua bungi uvua ne nsombelu wa bubanji wa buena wa bakalenge.

Rodrigo uvua muntu wa lungenyi lua bungi, muakudi munene, muena bintu bia bungi uvua ukumbaja malu avuaye wipatshila. Kadi uvua muntu wa buenzavi bua bungi, wakalela bana banayi ne mukaji uvuaye mubanjije matuku a bungi ne wakalela banga bana ne bakaji bakuabu. Nansha muakamuambabu kudi Papa Pius muibidi bua  muvuaye “kayi mua kudikanda” ku buenzavi ne bua muvuaye “muele kalele mu dikeba dia masanka,” Rodrigo kakashintuluka to.

Pakafua Papa Innocent wa muandamukulu mu tshidimu tshia 1492, bakardinale ba ekeleziya bakadisangisha bua kusungula uvua mua kupingana muaba wende. Mbimanyike bimpe ne: Rodrigo Borgia (uvua ulayangana malu manene ne muikale ne tshilele tshia kupetula bakuabu patoke) wakalaya bakardinale nende bubanji ne bintu bu bobu mua kumusungula bua kuluaye Papa Alexandre VI. Ntshinyi tshiakafutaye bakardinale bakamusungula abu? Wakabapesha mianzu minene mu ekeleziya, nzubu ya mabalasa, bimenga, kuvan ne dioseze bivua ne makuta a bungi. Bidi biumvuika bua muvua mufundi kampanda wa malu a kale mubikile tshikondo tshivua Alexandre VI mulombole ne: “matuku a lumu lubi ne malu mabi a Ekeleziya wa bena Lomo.”

Kavua mupite bakalenge ba panu to

Bua muanzu wende wa mulombodi wa ekeleziya, Alexandre VI wakakosa bilumbu bivua pankatshi pa ditunga dia Espagne ne dia Portugal bia diabanyangana dia maloba mapiamapia avuabu bapete mu matunga a mu Amerike. Bamfumu bende ba mbulamatadi bakamuteka ku mutu kua provense ivuaye ulombola bu papa, mikale munkatshi mua ditunga dia Italie, ne wakalombola mbulamatadi wende anu muvua bamfumu bakuabu bonso ba mu tshikondo tshia Renaissance balombole. Anu muvuabi mu makokeshi a bapapa ba kumpala ne ba kunyima kuende, bukokeshi bua Alexandre VI buvua bua nkosa-mishiku, kansungansunga, ne bavua babanda bamue bantu ne: bavua bashipangana.

Bamfumu bavua baluishangana bua kufuilakana maloba a Italie mu ndululu ayi, ne papa pende uvua uluishangana. Madimu ende a malu a tshididi ne bipungu bivuaye mudie (biakalua kufua pashishe) bivua ne tshipatshila tshia kutantshisha bumfumu buende, kunemesha midimu ya bana bende ne kubandisha dîku diende yeye Borgia ku mutu kua mêku onso. Muanende wa balume Juan, uvua musele muanabu ne mukalenge wa mu Castille wakalua mfumu wa mu Gandía, mu Espagne. Jofré, muanende mukuabu wakasela muikulu wa mukalenge wa mu Naples.

Pavua papa eu dijinga ne ditunga divua mua kumukuatshisha bua kukolesha malanda ende ne ditunga dia France, wakashipa dibangilangana dia Lucrèce, muanende wa bakaji uvua ne bidimu 13 ne munene kampanda wa mu Aragon, kumufila kudi mulanda mukuabu wa mfumu wa mu Milan. Bu muvua dibaka adi kadiyi dimutuma kabidi kumpala mu malu a tshididi, diakafua bua kalu kakese, kuselabu Lucrèce kudi Alfonso wa mu Aragon, wa mu dîku dia bumfumu divua kadiyi dipetangana ne dia bena mu Milan adi. Amu mu tshikondo atshi, César Borgia, muanabu ne Lucrèce uvua musue malu manene ne kayi luse wakadia tshipungidi ne Louis wa dikumi ne muibidi (wa mu France), ne bualu bua dibaka dia muanabu wa bakaji ne muntu wa mu Aragon adi buakatuadija kumutonda bikole. Wakenza tshinyi? Mukanda kampanda udi wamba ne: Alfonso uvua ne dikasa dibi, “bakamutapa kudi bantu banayi bavua bakeba kumushipa ku tshibuelelu tshia nzubu wa Mvidi Mukulu wa Munsantu Petelo. Pakavuaye umvua bimpe, bakamukosa diminu kudi muena mudimu umue wa César.” Bu muvua papa ujinga kudia bipungidi bikuabu ne mayele onso, wakaselesha Lucrèce (ukavua ne bidimu 21) musangu muisatu kudi muana wa mfumu munene wa mu Ferrara.

Batu bamba ne: mudimu wa César uvua “muyuki wa malu mabi, wa diela mashi a bungi panshi.” Nansha muvua tatuende wa César mumuteke kardinale pavuaye ne bidimu 17, César uvua mumanye malu a mvita bikole kupita a ekeleziya, uvua ne budimu, musue mianzu minene ne malu mabi anu bu muvua bakuabu. Kunyima kua yeye mumane kulekela muanzu wende wa mu ekeleziya, wakasela muana wa bakaji wa mukalenge wa  mu ditunga dia France, yeye e kulua mfumu wa Valentinois. Pashishe, ku diambuluisha dia biluilu bia bena France, wakatuadija mvita ne dishipangana bua kukokeshaye mu tshitupa tshia Nord tshia ditunga dia Italie.

Bua kuenza bua se: basalayi ba ditunga dia France bikale ne bua kukuba César, papa wakafika ku dienza bualu butambe bubi bua kushipa dibaka dia César anu muvua Louis wa dikumi ne muibidi wa mu France ujinga, yeye e kusela Anne wa mu provense wa Bretagne, kusakidila tshipapu tshivuaye ukokesha ku bukalenge buende. Mukanda mukuabu udi wamba ne: papa “wakalekela muanzu wende wa mu Ekeleziya ne mikenji mishindame bua kupetela bena dîku diende masanka a tshitupa tshîpi.”

Dipisha papa bua diela kalele diende

Diela kalele mu malu dia bena mu dîku dia Borgia diakabakebela baluishi ne dipetu kudi bantu. Papa uvua pa tshibidilu ulengulula bantu bavua bamuela mpata, kadi muntu umue wakapangilaye mua kulengulula uvua Girolamo Savonarola. Uvua mudiambike wa ba-Dominiken, muyishi munene, ne tshilobo tshia mu malu a tshididi tshia mu Florence. Wakapisha malu mabi akenza bena dîku dia papa ne bienzedi bia papa mene bua yeye papa ne tshididi tshiende, umulomba bua kulekela bupapa ne kuakajilula malu a ekeleziya. Savonarola wakamba ne dîyi dikole ne: “Balombodi ba Ekeleziya, . . . butuku nudi nuya kudi bandumba benu, kadi mu dinda nudi nuya mu misa.” Wakalua kuamba kabidi ne: “[Balombodi] aba badi bu bandumba, lumu luabu ndunyange Ekeleziya. Ndi nnujadikila ne: bantu aba kabena batumikila malu a bena Kristo to.”

Bua kukangisha Savonarola mukana, Papa wakamuteka kardinale, kadi Savonarola wakabenga. Nansha bambe ne: Savonarola wakafika ku difua bua dibenga diende dia tshididi tshia papa anyi bua diyisha diende, tumanye ne: ndekelu wa bionso bakamuipata mu Ekeleziya, kumuelabu mu buloko, kumumueneshabu kasuba bua atonde malu, pashishe kumuowabu ne kuoshabu tshitalu tshiende.

Nkonko minene

Mianda ya kale eyi idi ijula nkonko minene. Bua tshinyi Papa eu wakaditua mu malu aa ne bua tshinyi uvua ne ngikadilu wa mushindu au? Ntshinyi tshidi bafundi ba miyuki ya malu a kale bamba bua malu aa? Badi bafila mumvuija mashilangane.

Ba bungi badi bamba ne: bidi bikengela kumvua malu akenza Alexandre VI bilondeshile nsombelu uvuaku mu tshikondo tshiende. Malu ende a tshididi ne a ekeleziya avua pamuapa masaka kudi dijinga dia kuikala mu ditalala, dikeba diumvuangana pankatshi pa provense ivua iluishangana, dikolesha malanda a bulunda ne matunga avua mua kutuma malu a Papa kumpala, ne disangisha bakalenge bavua bena Bukua-Buena-Kristo pamue bua kuluisha bena ditunga dia Turquie.

Kadi netuambe tshinyi bua ngikadilu wende? Mumanyi kampanda wa malu a kale udi wamba ne: “Bena Kristo babi ne bansaserdose badi kabayi ba kueyemena batuku mu Ekeleziya bikondo bionso. Bua kubengabi kutonda muntu nansha umue, Kristo nkayende wakadianjila kumanyisha bualu ebu; wakafika too ne ku difuanyikija Ekeleziya wende ne budimi bua blé ne lupele, anyi ne bukondo mudi mishipa mimpe ne mibi, anu muakanyishaye bua Yudasa kuikala munkatshi mua bapostolo bende.” *

Mumanyi eu udi wamba kabidi ne: “Anu mudi dibue dia mushinga kadiyi dipueka mushinga wadi bua bubi bua muaba udibu badilamike, dienza mpekatu dia nsaserdose kadiena mua kutamba kunyanga . . . malu adiye ulongesha to. . . . Or udi anu or, nansha bikala tshianza tshidi tshimufila  tshikale tshimpe anyi tshibi.” Mufundi kampanda wa malu a kale udi wamba ne: pa bidi bitangila tshilumbu tshia Alexandre VI, bena Katolike balelela badi ne bua kulonda mubelu wakapesha Yezu bayidi bende pa bidi bitangila bafundi ne bafalese ne: ‘Enzayi bidibu bamba, kadi ki mbidibu benza to.’ (Matayo 23:2, 3) Udiku witaba ngelelu wa meji wa mushindu eu anyi?

Mbuena Kristo bulelela anyi?

Yezu wakaleja mushindu mupepele wa kumanya bena Kristo ba ku dîna pakambaye ne: ‘Nebabajingulule ku mamuma abu. Bantu batu bapuola mamuma a mvinyo ku mionji ya meba anyi? Batu bapuola mfigi ku mingonge anyi? Nunku mitshi yonso idi mimpe itu yakuama mamuma mimpe; kadi mitshi mibi itu yakuama mamuma mabi. Mutshi muimpe kawena mumanye mua kukuama mamuma mabi, mutshi mubi kawena mumanye mua kukuama mamuma mimpe. Nunku nenubajingulule ku mamuma abu.’​—Matayo 7:16-18, 20.

Mu kabujima, mmunyi mudi balombodi ba bitendelelu batumikile mikenji munkatshi mua bidimu, ne mmunyi mudibu benda bayitumikila mpindieu, balonda tshilejilu tshia buena-Kristo bulelela buvua Yezu muase ne buakalondabu kudi bayidi bende? Tukonkononayi bitupa bibidi patupu: didibueja mu malu a tshididi ne nsombelu.

Yezu kavua mukalenge wa panu to. Kavua mubanji to. Anu muakambaye, kavua nansha ne muaba wa ‘kuladika mutu wende.’ Bukalenge buende kabuvua ‘bua pa buloba ebu to,’ ne bayidi bende kabavua ne bua kuikala ‘ba pa buloba to, anu muvuaye yeye kayi wa pa buloba ebu.’ Nunku Yezu wakabenga kubuelakana mu malu a tshididi a mu tshikondo tshiende.​—Matayo 8:20; Yone 6:15; 17:16; 18:36.

Kadi kabienaku bilelela bua se: munkatshi mua bidimu bia bungi bitendelelu mbidisange ne bamfumu ba tshididi bua kupeta bukokeshi ne biuma nansha mudi muanda eu mukebeshe ntatu kudi bantu anyi? Kabiena kabidi bilelela bua se: balombodi ba bungi ba bitendelelu badi babanji eku bantu ba bungi badibu ne bua kusadila bikale bapele anyi?

Yakobo muanabu ne Yezu wakamba ne: ‘Nuenu bena masandi, kanuena bamanye ne: bulunda bua malu a pa buloba budi ne Nzambi lukuna anyi? Nunku muntu yonso wasua kuikala mulunda wa malu a pa buloba, udi udivuija muena lukuna kudi Nzambi.’ (Yakobo 4:4) Bua tshinyi “muena lukuna wa Nzambi?” Yone wa kumudilu 5:19 udi wamba ne: “Buloba bujima budi mu bukokeshi bua mubi.”​—MML.

Pa bidi bitangila bikadilu bia Alexandre VI, mufundi kampanda wa malu a kale wa mu tshikondo tshia Borgia wakafunda ne: “Uvua muntu wa mutshima wa zukuzuku. Kavua ne bundu, kavua ne bulelela, kavua ne ditabuja nansha tshitendelelu to. Uvua muntu wa lukuka lua bungi be, uvua musue malu manene, muntu wa tshikisu tshikole uvua ne dijinga dikole menemene dia se: bana bende ba bungi abu baye kumpala.” Bushuwa, Borgia kavua mulombodi umuepele wa ekeleziya wakenza malu a mushindu au to.

Ntshinyi tshidi Mukanda wa Nzambi wamba bua ngikadilu eu? Mupostolo Paulo wakakonka ne: ‘Kanuena bamanye ne: bantu babi kabena bapiana bukalenge bua Nzambi anyi? Kanudingibu. Anyi bena masandi, anyi bena lukuka lua bintu, kabena bapiana bukalenge bua Nzambi.’​—1 Kolinto 6:9, 10.

Tshimue tshia ku bipatshila bia dileja dia bindidimbi bia mu Lomo bia bena dîku dia Borgia tshivua tshia “kumvuila bantu banene ba kale bilondeshile nsombelu uvuaku tshikondo atshi . . . , kubumvuila kadi ki nkubabingisha anyi kubapisha to.” Nansha nanku, babandidi bavua ne budikadidi bua kuamba muabu muvuabu bamone. Nunku udi wamba munyi bua bualu ebu?

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 26]

Rodrigo Borgia, Papa Alexandre VI

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 27]

Tatuende wa Lucrèce Borgia wakenda nende mushinga bua kutantshisha bumfumu buende

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 28]

César Borgia uvua musue malu manene ne muenzavi

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 29]

Pakabenga Girolamo Savonarola kupuwa, bakamuowa ne kumuosha mu kapia