Bishadile bia bintu bia kale bidi bijadika ne: Yezu uvuaku anyi?

BAKAFUNDA pa tshizubu tshia tshikandakanda kampanda ne: “Tshijadiki tshia dikalaku dia Yezu tshifunda pa dibue.” (Biblical Archaeology Review wa ngondo wa dikumi ne umue ne dikumi ne muibidi 2002). Tshizubu atshi tshivua tshileja kashete kela mifuba kavuabu bapete mu Israël. Bena Yuda bakenza mudimu bikole ne tushete tua mifuba mu munkatshi mua tshikondo tshipi tshia pankatshi pa bidimu lukama bia kumpala kua bikondo bietu ebi too ne mu tshidimu tshia 70 bikondo bietu ebi. Tshintu tshivua tshivuije kashete aka ne mushinga mmiaku ya mu tshiena-Alama idi mifunda ku luseke luaku lumue. Bamanyi bakitaba mushindu udibu babala miaku eyi ne: “Yakobo muana wa Yosefe, muanabu ne Yezu.”

Bilondeshile Bible, Yezu wa mu Nazaleta uvua ne muanabu diende Yakobo, uvuabu bamanye bu muana wa Yosefe bayende wa Mariya. Pavua Yezu ulongesha mu musoko muvuaye mukolele, bantu bakakema bakonka ne: ‘Yeye kêna muana wa muena mabaya anyi? Kabena babikila mamuende ne: Mariya anyi? Bana babu ba balume Yakobo ne Yosefe ne Simona ne Yuda; ne bana babu ba bakaji, kabena munkatshi muetu, buonso buabu anyi?’​—Matayo 13:54-56; Luka 4:22; Yone 6:42.

Bulelela, miaku idibu bafunde pa kashete ka mifuba aka idi ikumbanyina diumvuija didibu bafila bua Yezu wa mu Nazaleta. André Lemaire (mumanyi wa mifundu ya kale ne mufundi wa tshiena-bualu tshituvua batele kuulu eku mu tshikandakanda tshia Biblical Archaeology Review) wakamba ne: bikala Yakobo udibu batele mu miaku eyi uvua muanabu ne Yezu Kristo, nenku kashete aku kadi “tshijadiki tshia kale menemene tshidi katshiyi tshia mu Bible tshia dikalaku dia Yezu.” Hershel Shanks mupatudi wa tshikandakanda atshi udi wamba ne: kashete aku “ntshintu tshitudi mua kulenga ne kumona tshia kale tshia mu matuku a muntu mutambe bunene uvua pa buloba apa.”

Kadi mêna onso asatu adi mafunda pa kashete aku avua matangalake mu bidimu lukama bia kumpala. Nenku kuvua mua kuikala dîku dikuabu divua ne Yakobo, Yosefe ne Yezu pa kumusha dîku dia ba Yezu. Lemaire udi wela meji ne: “Mu bipungu bibidi bia kumpala kua tshidimu tshia 70 tshia bikondo bietu ebi, mu Yelushalema muvua mua kuikala bantu batue ku 20 bavuabu babikila ne: ‘Yakobo muana wa Yosefe muanabu ne Yezu.’” Nansha nanku, Lemaire udi umona ne: bijadiki 90 pa 100 bidi bileja ne: dîna dia Yakobo didibu bafunde pa kashete aka divua dia muanabu ne Yezu Kristo.

Kudi bualu bukuabu budi bufikisha bamue bantu ku ditaba ne: Yakobo udibu bafunde au uvua muanabu ne Yezu Kristo. Nansha muvuabu ne tshilele tshia kufunda dîna dia tatu wa mufue pa tushete tua mifuba, kabavua ne tshibidilu tshia kufunda dîna dia muanabu ne mufue  to. Ke bualu kayi bamue bamanyi badi bitaba ne: Yezu eu uvua ne bua kuikala muntu munene, bibasaka bua kuamba ne: uvua Yezu Kristo, mubangishi wa Buena-Kristo.

Kashete ka mifuba nkalelela anyi?

Kashete ka mifuba ntshinyi? Nkashete kavuabu bela mifuba ya muntu mufue panyima pa tshitalu tshimane kubola mu lukita lua mu lubuebue. Bakiba tushete tua mifuba tua bungi mu nkita ivua minyunguluke Yelushalema. Bakapeta kashete kadi ne dîna dia Yakobo mu tshisalu tshitubu bapanyishila bintu bia kale, kadi ki mmuaba mumanyike uvuabu bakalula bintu bia kale nansha. Badi bamba ne: muena kashete aka uvua mukasumbe ku nkama mikese ya dolare mu bidimu bia 1970. Nanku ntuandijilu wa kashete aka ki mumanyike bimpe to. Mulongeshi Bruce Chilton wa ku College wa Bard mu tshimenga tshia New York udi wamba ne: “Wewe kuyi mua kuamba muaba uvuabu bapetele tshintu kampanda tshia kale ne muaba uvuatshi munkatshi mua bidimu bitue ku 2 000, kuena mua kupima bua kupeta diumvuangana didi pankatshi patshi ne muntu uditshi mua kuikala tshitela nansha.”

Bua kujadika ntuadijilu wa kashete aka, André Lemaire wakakatuma ku biro bia mu ditunga dia Israēl bitu bilonga bintu bia kale. Kuine aku bakebuludi bakamona ne: kashete ka mifuba kavua kenza ne dibue dia tshibuebue dia mu bidimu nkama ibidi anyi lukama bia kumpala mu bikondo bietu ebi. Bakamba ne: “Kabavua bapete tshimanyinu tshia se: bavua benze kashete aka ne biamu anyi bintu bia tshikondo tshietu etshi to.” Kadi bamanyi ba malu a mu Bible bavuabu bele nkonko kudi bena tshikandakanda tshia The New York Times bakamba buobu ne: “Bijadiki bidi kabiyi bia buludi bidi bishindika mudiku dipetangana pankatshi pa kashete ne Yezu bivua mua kuikala bikole, nansha nanku kabiena anu bia buludi.”

Tshikandakanda tshia Time tshiakamba ne: “Matuku aa kakuena muntu udi mulonge nansha umue udi welesha mpata muvua Yezu kayi ne muoyo panu.” Nansha nanku ba bungi badi bamona ne: kudi ne bua kuikala bijadiki bikuabu pa kumusha ebi bidi mu Bible bidi bileja ne: Yezu uvuaku. Muntu udi mua kuitabuja Yezu anu bua bintu bia kale bidibu bakalule anyi? Mbijadiki kayi bitudi nabi bua muyuki wa “muntu mutambe bunene uvua pa buloba apa”?

[Mêyi a dianyisha bua bimfuanyi mu dibeji 3]

Ku dia bakaji, Kashete ka mifuba ya Yakobo: AFP FOTO/​J. P. Moczulski; ku dia balume, mifundu: AFP FOTO/​HO