Eusèbe: “Ke wakabanga kufunda malu a Ekeleziya” anyi?

MU TSHIDIMU tshia 325 bikondo bietu ebi, Amperere wa bena Lomo Constantin wakabikidisha bepiskopo bonso mu tshimenga tshia Nicée. Uvua ne tshipatshila tshia kujikija tshilumbu tshivuabu batambe kukokelangana tshia malanda adi pankatshi pa Nzambi ne Muanende. Munkatshi mua bantu bavua mu tshipangu atshi muvua Eusèbe wa mu tshimenga tshia Cesarée, uvuabu bangata bu muntu mumanye mukanda bikole mu tshikondo atshi. Eusèbe uvua mulonge Bible bikole, ne uvua mubingishi munene wa ditendelela Nzambi umue dia mu Buena-Kristo.

Mukanda kampanda udi wamba ne: mu Tshipangu tshia mu Nicée, “Constantin wakalombola nkayende, uludika miyuki ne disuminyina dionso, ne yeye muine ke wakafila . . . dilongesha dia ntaku didi dileja malanda adi pankatshi pa Kristo ne Nzambi didi mu malongesha a Ekeleziya avua mapatuke mu tshipangu atshi, dilongesha dia ‘wa mubidi umue ne Tatu’ . . . Bua buôwa bua amperere, bepiskopo bonso pa kumusha babidi tshianana bakatua tshiala pa dilongesha edi, ba bungi kabiyi ku disua diabu to.” (Encyclopædia Britannica) Eusèbe uvua munkatshi mua aba bakabenga kutua tshiala anyi? Ndilongesha kayi ditudi mua kupeta bua luseke luakalamataye? Tumonayi tshivua Eusèbe muikale: mamanya ende ne biakenzaye.

Mikanda yende ya mushinga mukole

Eusèbe uvua mua kuikala muledibue mu Palestine bu mu tshidimu tshia 260 bikondo bietu ebi. Patshivuaye mupuekele wakalamatangana ne Pamphile, mutangidi mukuabu wa ekeleziya wa mu Cesarée. Eusèbe wakabuela mu kalasa ka malu a Nzambi ka Pamphile, kuluaye mulongi wa tshisumi. Wakenza mudimu bikole ne mikanda mivule ivua nayi Pamphile. Eusèbe wakadifila ne muoyo mujima ku malonga ende, nangananga ku dilonga dia Bible. Wakalua kabidi mulunda munene wa Pamphile, kuluaye kufika too ne ku didibikila ne: “Eusèbe wa Pamphile.”

Pa bidi bitangila bipatshila biende, Eusèbe wakamba ne: “Tshipatshila tshianyi ntshia kufunda muyuki wa dilondangana dia Bapostolo bansantu ne wa tshikondo tshidi tshipite katshia mu tshikondo tshia Musungidi wetu too ne lelu; kuleja mudibu bamba muvua mianda ya bungi minene mienzeke; ne kuakula bua aba bavua baludike ne balombole ekeleziya mu ma-parwase matambe bunene, ne bua aba bavua mu tshipungu tshionso bamanyishe dîyi dia Nzambi mukana anyi mu mikanda.”

Batu badi batamba kuvuluka Eusèbe bua mukanda wende udibu banyisha bikole wa Histoire ecclésiastique. Volime dikumi ya mukanda eu ivua mipatuke bu mu tshidimu tshia 324 bikondo bietu ebi mmimanyike bu miyuki ya mushinga mukole ya ekeleziya mifunda ku kalekale. Bua difunda dia mukanda eu, Eusèbe wakalua kumanyika bu mufundi wa ekeleziya.

Pa kumusha mukanda wende eu, Eusèbe wakafunda kabidi mukuabu (Chronique) mu volime  ibidi. Volime wa kumpala uvua ne muyuki wa tshikoso wa bukua-panu. Mu bidimu bia 300 bikondo bietu ebi, wakalua mukanda uvua bantu batangila bua kumanya dilondangana dia malu avua menzeke pa buloba bujima. Mu volime muibidi muvua matuku ne ngondo avua mianda minene mienzeke. Eusèbe wakaleja dilondangana dia makalenge a bisamba bishilangane mu milongo ya mu bule ivua mitangilangane.

Eusèbe wakafunda mikanda mikuabu ibidi ya miyuki ya kale (Les Martyrs de Palestine ne Vie de Constantin). Mukanda wa kumpala uvua wakula bua malu avua menzeke kumbukila ku tshidimu tshia 303 too ne mu tshia 310 bikondo bietu ebi ne uvua wakula bua bantu bavua bafuile ditabuja diabu mu tshikondo atshi. Eusèbe uvua mua kuikala mudimuene mianda ayi. Mukanda muibidi, mupatula mu volime inayi panyima pa lufu lua Amperere Constantin mu tshidimu tshia 337 bikondo bietu ebi, uvua ne malu a mushinga a kale. Kauvua ulonda muyuki patupu to, kadi uvua mutambe kuikala kasala ka kutumbisha naku muntu.

Mikanda ivua Eusèbe mufunde bua kubingisha Buena-Kristo ivua ne diandamuna kudi Hiéroclès, ngovena wa mu Lomo wa tshikondo tshiende. Pakafunda Hiéroclès malu mabi bua bena Kristo, Eusèbe wakabakuila. Kabidi, bua kuleja ne: Nzambi mmuena Bible, wakafunda mikanda 35, itubu bangata bu ya mushinga mukole ne mienza mienzelamu. Mikanda 15 ya kumpala idi ibingisha ditaba dia bena Kristo dia mifundu misantu ya tshiena-Ebelu. Mikuabu 20 idi mishale eyi idi ifila tshijadiki tshia se: bena Kristo badi mu njila muakane padibu babenga kulonda mikenji ya bena Yuda ne bitaba bilele ne mikenji bipiabipia. Misangisha yonso, mikanda eyi idi ibingisha Buena-Kristo bu muvua Eusèbe ubumona.

Eusèbe wakashala ne muoyo bidimu bitue ku 80 (260-340 bikondo bietu ebi) ne wakalua umue wa ku bafundi ba mikanda ya bungi ba mu tshikondo atshi. Mikanda yende idi yakula bua malu a mu bidimu nkama isatu bia kumpala bia mu bikondo bietu ebi too ne ku matuku a Constantin. Ku ndekelu kua muoyo wende, wakenza mudimu wende wa kufunda pamue ne midimu yende mikuabu ya buepiskopo mu Cesarée. Nansha muvuaye mumanyike bu mufundi wa malu a Kale, Eusèbe uvua kabidi mubingishi wa tshitendelelu tshiende, muzodi wa tuarte, muambi wa lumu luimpe, mufundi wa malu a Nzambi ne umvuija dilonga dia mifundu ya malu a Nzambi.

Bipatshila biende bibidi

Bua tshinyi Eusèbe wakabangisha mudimu munene nanku? Diandamuna didi mu ditabuja divuaye nadi dia ne: uvua mu matuku avua ne bua kufikisha ku tshikondo tshipiatshipia. Wakamona se: malu manene avua menzeke mu bikondo bia kale ne bivua bikengela muyuki mufunda bua bipungu bivua bilonda.

Eusèbe uvua ne tshipatshila tshikuabu: tshia kuakuila ntendelelu wende. Uvua witabuja ne: Buena-Kristo buvua bufumina kudi Nzambi. Kadi bamue bavua baluisha lungenyi alu. Eusèbe wakafunda ne: “Ndi kabidi ne tshipatshila tshia kufila mêna, bungi ne misangu ivua aba bavua benze bilema bitambe bunene bua dinanga dia malu mapiamapia, ne badiamba muvuabu bapete dimanya (didibu babikila nanku mu dipanga) ne badi bu mibuabua idi ibutula mikoko ya Kristo kakuyi luse.”

Eusèbe uvua udiangata bu muena Kristo anyi? Bidi bimueneka nanku bualu wakakula bua Yezu bu “Musungidi wetu.” Wakamba ne: “Ndi musue . . . kulonda malu mabi akafikila tshisamba tshia bena Yuda tshijima bua ditungila Musungidi wetu, ne kufunda mushindu ne misangu ivua bena bisamba bia bende baluisha dîyi dia Nzambi, ne kumvuija bua bantu banene bavua badiluangena mvita mu bikondo bishilangane nansha muvuabu babakengesha ne babashipa, kulonda kabidi bua malu adi bantu bamba mu matuku etu aa ne bua diambuluisha dia luse ne dia muoyo muimpe didi Musungidi wetu mutuleje bonso.”

 Mudimu munene wa dikebulula

Bungi bua mikanda ivua Eusèbe mubale ne mutele nkayende mmipite bungi. Bantu banene ba bungi ba mu bidimu nkama isatu ya kumpala ya mu bikondo bietu ebi mbamanyike ku diambuluisha dia mikanda ya Eusèbe. Malu akafundaye adi kabidi umvuija bimpe bualu bua bisumbu kampanda binene bidi malu abi malonda mu mikanda ikadi kayitshiyi imueneka lelu.

Eusèbe uvua usangisha bintu bia kuenza nabi mudimu wende wa difunda kantu ku kantu ne disuminyina dionso. Bidi bimueneka ne: uvua wenza muende muonso bua kusunguluja malu a kueyemena ne a dishima. Nansha nanku, mudimu wende ki mmupangile bilema to. Imue misangu uvua umvuija bibi malu a bantu ne uvua nansha upangila kumvua bantu ne malu avuabu benza. Misangu mikuabu dilondolola diende dia malu bilondeshile dîba divuawu menzeke kadivua dijalame to. Eusèbe kavua kabidi ne mfundilu mulenga mu mikanda yende to. Kadi pa kumusha bilema bidi bimueneka, bantu batu bangata mikanda yende bu tshiuma tshia mushinga mukole.

Mmunangi wa bulelela anyi?

Tshivua tshitatshisha Eusèbe ntshilumbu tshivua tshinyungulula mutu tshia kumanya malanda avua pankatshi pa Tatu ne Muana. Tatu uvuaku kumpala kua Muana bu muvua Eusèbe witabuja anyi? Peshi Tatu ne Muana bavuaku bonso diatshimue? Wakakonka ne: “Bu buobu bikaleku diatshimue, mmushindu kayi wikala Tatu Tatu ne Muana Muana?” Wakatela too ne mvese ya mu Bible bua kutua malu avuaye witaba nyama ku mikolo, utela Yone 14:28 udi wamba ne: ‘Tatu udi mutambe Yezu,’ ne Yone 17:3 mudibu bakula bua Yezu ‘uvuabu batume’ kudi Nzambi umuepele mulelela. Utela Kolosai 1:15 ne Yone 1:1, Eusèbe wakamba ne: Logos, anyi Dîyi, udi ‘tshimfuanyikiji tshia Nzambi udi kayi mua kumueneka,’ mbuena kuamba ne: Muana wa Nzambi.

Kadi bualu bua kukema, ku ndekelu kua Tshipangu tshia Nicée, Eusèbe wakaditeka ku luseke luvua lubengangana ne bivuaye witabuja. Kulekela bivuaye witaba bilondeshile Bible ne: Nzambi ne Kristo kabavua diatshimue, wakatua ku tshia amperere.

Dilongesha dia kushala nadi

Bua tshinyi Eusèbe wakashikila ku Tshipangu tshia Nicée ne kutua dilongesha didi kadiyi mu Bible nyama ku mikolo? Uvuaku ne bipatshila bia malu a tshididi mu mutu anyi? Bua tshinyi uvua mubuele mu tshipangu tshine atshi pabi, nansha muvuabu babikile bepiskopo bonso, anu tshitupa tshia bantu 300 ke bakabuelamu? Eusèbe uvuaku uditatshisha bua kulama muaba wende mu ditunga anyi? Bua tshinyi Amperere Constantin uvua wangata Eusèbe ne mushinga mukole nanku, kumusombesha too ne ku dia balume diende mu tshipangu.

Bidi bimueneka ne: Eusèbe wakabenga kulonda mukenji wa Yezu wa ne: bayidi bende ‘kabavua ba pa buloba.’ (Yone 17:16; 18:36) Muyidi Yakobo wakakonka ne: ‘Nuenu, bena masandi, kanuena bamanye ne: bulunda bua malu a pa buloba budi ne Nzambi lukuna anyi?’ (Yakobo 4:4) Mmunyipu mudi mubelu wa Paulo eu ne mushinga: ‘Lekelayi kulamakajibua ne badi kabayi bena ditabuja bu badi kabayi bakanangane’! (2 Kolinto 6:14) Tushalayi batapuluke ne bena pa buloba bu mutudi ‘tutendelela [Tatu] mu nyuma ne mu bulelela.’​—Yone 4:24.

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 31]

Tshimfuanyi tshidi tshileja Tshipangu tshia Nicée

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Scala/​Art Resource, NY

[Mêyi a dianyisha bua tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 29]

Ne dianyisha dia Special Collections Library, Université wa Michigan