Bakakeba njila mubumbakane

KUKADI bidimu bitue ku 550, bantu mu tusumbu tukese bavua badiamba muvuabu bena Kristo bavua basombele mu bimenga ebi: Prague, Chelčice, Vilémov, Klatovy ne bimenga bikuabu bia mu ditunga dia République Tchèque bakashiya nzubu yabu. Bakaya kusombela pabuipi ne musoko wa Kunwald (mu tshibandabanda kampanda ku Nord-Est kua Bohême) muakasabu mitanda, badima madimi, babala Bible ne bavua badibikila ne: Buobumue bua Bena-muntu, anyi Unitas Fratrum mu Latin.

Munkatshi muabu muvua bantu ba milongo mishilashilangane. Muvua babidime, baminyampala, balongi ba mu iniversite, babanji ne bapele, balume ne bakaji, bakaji bakamba ne bana ba nshiya, bonso aba bavua ne dijinga anu dimue. Bakafunda ne: “Tuvua tusambila anu Nzambi Nkayende ne tuvua tumusengelela bua atuleje Disua diende dinene mu malu onso. Tuvua basue kuendela mu njila Yende.” Bushuwa, Buobumue bua Bena-muntu anyi Bena-muntu ba mu ditunga dia République Tchèque (ke muakaluabu kubikila batendeledi aba pashishe) bavua bakeba ‘njila mubumbakane wa ku muoyo.’ (Matayo 7:13, 14) Malu malelela kayi a mu Bible akasokololaabu mu dilonga diabu? Mmu malu kayi muvua malongesha abu mashilangane ne avua bantu bitaba mu tshikondo tshiabu atshi, ne ntshinyi tshitudi mua kulongela kudibu?

Kabavua basue malu a tshinyangu anyi ditupa ku mikenji

Bisumbu bia bungi bia nzambi biakafikisha tshisumbu tshia Buobumue bua Bena-muntu ku dienzeka mu bidimu bia 1450. Tshimue tshia ku bisumbu ebi tshivua tshia ba-Vaudois, tshisumbu tshivua tshituadije mu bidimu bia 1100. Ku ntuadijilu, ba-Vaudois bavua bambuke mu  Ekeleziya Katolike ka bena Lomo, tshitendelelu tshia mbulamatadi ku Mputu wa munkatshi. Kadi pashishe bakapingana ku malongesha a bena Katolike. Tshisumbu tshikuabu tshinene tshivua tshia bena Hus, bayidi ba Jan Hus. Buobu ke bavua benza tshitendelelu tshia mu ditunga dia République Tchèque tshivua ne bantu ba bungi, kadi kabavua mu buobumue nansha. Tshimue tshitupa tshivua tshiluishangana bua malu a mu nsombelu a patupu, tshikuabu patshi tshivua tshiangata tshitendelelu bu mushindu wa kutungunuja malu a tshididi. Bena-muntu bavua kabidi balonda mayisha a bisumbu bia bitabi ba bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu ne a bamanyi ba malu a mu Bible ba muaba uvuabu ne ba ku ba-bende.

Peter Chelčický (bu mu 1390 too ne bu mu 1460), mumanyi wa malu a mu Bible wa mu République Tchèque ne mushintuludi wa malongesha a ekeleziya, uvua mumanye bimpe malongesha a ba-Vaudois ne bena Hus. Wakabenga bena Hus bualu tshisumbu tshiabu tshiakabangisha kuenza malu a tshinyangu, ne wakabenga kabidi ba-Vaudois bualu bavua batupa ku malongesha abu. Uvua ubenga mvita, wamba ne: kayivua ipetangana ne Buena-Kristo to. Uvua witaba ne: ‘mikenji ya Kristo’ idi ne bua kulombola muena Kristo nansha biobi mua kumukebela ntatu. (Galatia 6:2; Matayo 22:37-39) Mu tshidimu tshia 1440, Chelčický wakafunda malongesha ende mu mukanda uvua ne tshiena-bualu ne: Net of the Faith (Nsangilu wa malu a ditabuja).

Nsonga mukuabu diende Grégoire wa mu Prague (wa mu tshikondo tshia mumanyi wa malu a Bible Chelčický), uvua mutambe kunanga malongesha a Chelčický kufikaye ne ku diumbuka mu tshisumbu tshia bena Hus. Mu tshidimu tshia 1458, Grégoire wakafikisha tusumbu tukese tua bantu bavua kumpala bena Hus bua kushiyabu nzubu yabu mu bitupa bishilashilangane bia mu  République Tchèque. Bavua munkatshi mua bantu bakamulonda mu musoko wa Kunwald, muakenzabu tshitendelelu tshipiatshipia. Kunyima, bisumbu bia ba-Vaudois ba mu ditunga dia République Tchèque ne dia Allemagne bakabalonda mu musoko au.

Diambuluisha bua kumanya malu a kale

Kumbukila ku tshidimu tshia 1464 too ne mu tshia 1467, tshisumbu etshi tshipiatshipia tshivua tshienda anu tshidiunda tshiakenza bipangu bivule mu tshitupa tshia Kunwald ne tshiakangata mapangadika a bungi avua umvuija mushindu uvua tshitendelelu tshiabu tshipiatshipia. Bakafunda bimpe mapangadika onso mu mikanda milondangane idi mimanyike lelu mu dîna dia se: Acta Unitatis Fratrum (Bienzedi bia Buobumue bua Bena-muntu), itshidi kuoku too ne lelu. Mikanda eyi idi yambuluisha bua kumanya malu a kale, idi ileja mu mushindu muimpe malu avua Bena-muntu bitabuja. Mikanda eyi ivua ne mikanda mitumina bantu, miyuki, nansha ne mumvuija a malu avuabu bakula mu makokangana abu.

Mikanda eyi idi yamba bua malu avua Bena-muntu bitabuja ne: “Tudi badisuike bua kujadika bulombodi buetu anu mu dibala dia Bible nkayadi ne mu dielangana meji mu bilejilu bia Mukalenge wetu ne bia bapostolo bansantu, budipuekeshi ne lutulu, kunanga bena lukuna betu, kubenzela ne kubajingila malu mimpe ne kubalombela Nzambi.” Mikanda eyi idi kabidi ileja ne: ku mbangilu  Bena-muntu bavua bayisha. Bavua benda babidi babidi, ne bakaji bavua benji ba mudimu wa bu-misionere bimpe muaba uvuabu basombele. Bena-muntu kabavua bitaba midimu ya tshididi to, kabavua baditshipa, kabavua benza mudimu wa busalayi ne kabavua bambula bingoma.

Babange mu buobumue, kufikabu ku ditapuluka

Kadi kunyima kua bidimu bia bungi, bena mu Buobumue bua Bena-muntu kabavua kabidi bakumbanyina dîna diabu nansha. Makokangana a mushindu uvuabu ne bua kutumikila malongesha abu akabafikisha ku matapuluka. Mu tshidimu tshia 1494, Bena-muntu bakatapuluka mu bisumbu bibidi: Tshisumbu Tshinene ne Tshikese. Nansha muvua bena mu Tshisumbu Tshinene batekete mu malongesha abu a ku ntuadijilu, bena mu Tshisumbu Tshikese buobu bavua balongesha ne: Bena-muntu bavua ne bua kushala kabayi bashintuluka pa bidi bitangila dipangadika diabu dia kubenga kubuela mu malu a tshididi ne a pa buloba.​—Bala malu adi mu kazubu kadi ne tshiena-bualu ne: “Netuambe munyi bua Tshisumbu Tshinene?”

Tshilejilu, muntu umue wa mu Tshisumbu Tshikese wakafunda ne: “Bantu badi bendela mu njila ibidi badi ne diakalenga dikese dia kushala ne Nzambi, bualu anu mu mpukapuka ne mu tualu tukese  ke mudibu bitaba bua kudifila kudiye ne kumukokela, kadi mu malu manene badi benza malu adibu basue. . . . Tudi basue kubadibua munkatshi mua bantu badi ne lungenyi lushindame ne ne kuondo ka muoyo kimpe, dituku dionso balonda Mukalenge Kristo mu njila mubumbakane ne nkuruse yabu.”

Bena mu Tshisumbu Tshikese bavua bangata nyuma muimpe bu bukole budi Nzambi wenza nabu mudimu, “munu” wende. Bavua bumvuija mulambu wa Yezu udi upikula ne: Yezu muntu mupuangane wakafuta muoyo wende wa bumuntu bua tshivua Adama muena mpekatu mujimije. Kabavua bakukuila Mariya mamuende wa Yezu. Bakapingaja dilongesha dia ne: bena kuitabuja bonso bavua mua kuikala bakuidi kakuyi dienza mutshipu wa kushala bajike. Bavua bakankamija bonso bavua mu tshisumbu bua kuyisha bantu patoke ne bavua bipata benji ba mpekatu bavua kabayi banyingalala. Kabavua babuelakana nansha bia munyi mu busalayi ne mu malu a tshididi. (Bala malu adi mu kazubu kadi ne tshiena-bualu ne: “Mayisha a Bena-muntu ba mu Tshisumbu Tshikese.”) Bu muvua bena mu Tshisumbu Tshikese balamate bikole mapangadika avua mu mikanda yabu ya Acta, bavua badiangata bu bapianyi balelela ba Buobumue bua Bena-muntu ba ku ntuadijilu.

Bavua bamba malu patoke ne bakabanga kubakengesha

Tshisumbu Tshikese tshivua tshibipisha bitendelelu bikuabu patoke, kusangisha ne Tshisumbu Tshinene kabidi. Bakafunda bua bitendelelu ebi ne: “Nudi nulongesha bua kutambuisha bana batekete badi kabayi ne diabu ditabuja, ne mu bualu ebu nudi nulonda tshilele tshia muepiskopo udibu babikila ne: Dyonisius, uvua bamue bantu babule meji basake bua kulongesha ditambuisha dia bana . . . Ke bitabuja kabidi kudi balongeshi ne bena teoloji banene: Luther, Melanchthon, Bucerus, Korvín, Jiles, Bullinger, . . . Tshisumbu Tshinene, buonso benze tshintu tshimue.”

Kabiena bikemesha muvuabu bakengesha bena mu Tshisumbu Tshikese. Mu tshidimu tshia 1524, bakatuta umue wa ku balombodi babu Jan Kalenec ne kumushiyabu ne mibundabunda. Pashishe bakalua kuoshila bantu basatu ba mu Tshisumbu Tshikese ku mutshi. Bidi bimueneka ne: Tshisumbu Tshikese tshiakalua kufua bu mu tshidimu tshia 1550, kunyima kua lufu lua mulombodi wabu wa ndekelu.

Nansha nanku, bena mu Tshisumbu Tshikese bakashiya bimanyinu biabu mu malu a ntendelelu a ku Mputu mu tshikondo tshia Moyen Age. Bushuwa, bu muvua “dimanya [dilelela]” kadiyi dianji kuvulangana mu matuku a Tshisumbu Tshikese, kabakakokesha bua kujikija mîdima ya mu nyuma ikavua mienze bidimu bia bungi. (Danyele 12:4, MMM) Kadi dijinga diabu dikole dia kukeba njila mubumbakane ne kumulonda nansha muvuabu babakengesha ntshintu tshidi bena Kristo ba lelu ne bua kukonkonona bimpe.

[Lungenyi lunene lua mu dibeji 13]

Badi bamba ne: mikanda 50 ya ku mikanda 60 ya bena Bohême [République Tchèque] ivuabu bapatule kubangila mu 1500 too ne mu 1510 ivua mipatula kudi bena mu Buobumue bua Bena-muntu.

[Kazubu mu dibeji 11]

Netuambe munyi bua tshisumbu tshinene?

Ntshinyi tshiakafikila ndekelu wa bionso Tshisumbu Tshinene? Kunyima kua Tshisumbu Tshikese tshimane kufua, Tshisumbu Tshinene tshiakatungunuka bu tshisumbu tshia malu a nzambi, tshimanyike anu ku dîna dia Buobumue bua Bena-muntu. Mu kupita kua matuku, tshisumbu etshi tshiakashintulula malongesha atshi a kale. Ku ndekelu kua bidimu bia 1500, bena mu Buobumue bua Bena-muntu bakadisanga ne bena Utraque * ba mu ditunga dia République Tchèque bavua nangananga bena Luther. Kadi Bena-muntu aba bakashala benza mudimu wa dikudimuna ne dipatula Bible ne mikanda mikuabu ya malu a Nzambi. Tshitu tshisankisha ntshia se: mu mabeji a ntuadijilu a mikanda yabu ya kumpala bavua bafunde maleta anayi a mu tshiena-Ebelu a dîna dia Nzambi, adibu babikila ne: Tetragrame.

Mu tshidimu tshia 1620, bakenzeja kabidi bukalenge bua Tchèque bua kuikala ku bukokeshi bua Ekeleziya Katolike wa bena Lomo. Ke bualu kayi Bena-muntu ba bungi ba mu Tshisumbu Tshinene bakumbuka mu ditunga diabu ne bakaya kutungunuka ne malu abu mu matunga makuabu. Mu matunga au, tshisumbu etshi tshiakalua kumanyika ku dîna dia Ekeleziya wa Moravie (Moravie ntshitupa tshia buloba tshia mu ditunga dia République Tchèque), tshitshidiku too ne lelu’eu.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Kazubu mu dibeji 12]

Mayisha a Bena-muntu ba mu tshisumbu tshikese

Mêyi adi alonda aa mangatshila mu mikanda ya Bienzedi bia Buobumue bua Bena-muntu (Latin) ya mu bidimu bia 1400 ne 1500 adi aleja amue a ku mayisha a bena mu Tshisumbu Tshikese. Malu aa avua balombodi ba Tshisumbu Tshikese bafunde, avua nangananga atangila bena Tshisumbu Tshinene.

Busatu Bunsantu: “Nuenu batangile mu Bible mujima, kanuakusangana ne: Nzambi mmukosolola mu Busatu Busantu, mbuena kuamba ne: bantu basatu ku mêna, muvua bantu babifuanyikija mu mitu yabu to.”

Nyuma muimpe: “Nyuma muimpe mmunu wa Nzambi ne ndipa dia kudi Nzambi, anyi musambi peshi Bukole bua Nzambi, budi Nzambi upesha badi bamuitabuja ku butuangaji bua Kristo. Katuena tusangana mu Mifundu Minsantu bamba ne: badi ne bua kubikila nyuma muimpe ne: Nzambi anyi Muntu to; nansha malongesha a bapostolo kaena aleja nanku to.”

Mudimu wa buakuidi: “Badi banupesha patupu muanzu wa “muakuidi [nsaserdose]”; nuenu bumbushe dibala dinudi bakoseshe ne mafuta anudi nuamba munudi nuondopangana nawu, nudi nulua anu mumue batendeledi bakuabu bonso nansha. Petelo Musantu udi ulomba bena Kristo bonso bua kuikala bakuidi, wamba ne: Nudi bakuidi ba tshijila badi bafila milambu ya mu nyuma. (1 Petelo 2)”

Batismo: “Mukalenge Kristo wakambila bapostolo bende ne: Ndayi pa buloba buonso, nuambile bifukibua bionso lumu luimpe, nuambile aba bonso badi mua kuitabuja. (Mâko, nshapita wa 16) Ne anu kunyima kua buobu bamane kuteleja lumu luimpe elu ne batambule, ke buobu kusungidibua. Kadi nuenu nudi nulongesha bua kutambuisha bana batekete badi kabayi ne diabu ditabuja.”

Dibenga kubuelakana mu malu a pa buloba: “Malu onso avua bana benu bamone bu mabi ne a bukoya, kubuela ku busalayi ne kushipa anyi kuenda mu njila yonso ne bingoma biambula, malu onso aa nuenu nudi nuamona mimpe . . . Nenku tuetu tudi tumona ne: nuenu, ne balongeshi bakuabu, nudi nujingulula anu kakese mêyi a mulayi adi amba ne: Yeye wakatshibula mikete yakadi mu mata ne ngabu ne muele wa mvita ne bielelu bia mvita. (Musambu wa 75). Mêyi makuabu adi amba ne: Kabiena bienzela bikuabu bintu bibi, kabiena bishipa bikuabu mu mukuna wanyi wa tshijila wonso, bualu bua buloba bua Mukalenge nebuikale buule tente ne kumanya kua Nzambi, ne makuabu malu kabidi. (Yeshaya, nshapita wa 11).”

Diyisha: “Tudi bamanye bimpe ne: ku ntuadijilu, bantu bakaji batu bafikishe bantu ba bungi ku dikudimuna mutshima kupita bansaserdose bonso pamue ne muepiskopo kabidi. Kadi mpindieu bansaserdose mbasombe mu miaba yabu ne mu nzubu idi ekeleziya mubapeshe. Ndipangapu kayi edi! Ndayi pa buloba buonso. Nuyishe . . . bifukibua bionso.”

[Tuarte mu dibeji 10]

(Bua kumona malu bimpe, tangila mu mukanda)

ALLEMAGNE

POLOGNE

RÉPUBLIQUE TCHÈQUE

BOHÊME

Musulu wa Elbe

PRAGUE

Musulu wa VItava

Klatovy

Chelčice

Kunwald

Vilémov

MORAVIE

Musulu wa Danube

[Bimfuanyi mu mabeji 10, 11]

Ku dia bakaji: Peter Chelčický; kuinshi: dibeji dia mu mukanda wa “Nsangilu wa malu a ditabuja”

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 11]

Grégoire wa mu Prague

[Mêyi a dianyisha bua tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 13]

Bimfuanyi bionso: S laskavým svolením knihovny Národního muzea v Praze, Cesko