Ba-Anabatiste bavua banganyi?

BANTU batu baya bua musangu wa kumpala mu tshimenga tshia Münster mu Westphalie (mu ditunga dia Allemagne) batu misangu ya bungi bimana bua kutangila misasa isatu mienza ne milonda ya biamu mikudika ku kaleya ka nzubu wa Mvidi Mukulu kampanda. Pa kumbusha imue mpunga ya bikondo bîpi, misasa eyi mmikudika muaba au kukadi bidimu bitue ku 500. Ku ntuadijilu, mu misasa eyi muvua mibidi ya bantu basatu bavuabu bakengeshe ne bashipe patoke. Bantu aba bavua ba-Anabatiste, ne misasa eyi idi mbishadile bia bukalenge buabu.

Ba-Anabatiste bavua banganyi? Mmunyi muvua tshisumbu tshiabu tshituadije? Mmalongesha kayi manene avuabu nawu? Bua tshinyi bakashipa bantu abu? Ne ndiumvuangana kayi didi pankatshi pa misasa isatu ya biamu ayi ne bukalenge?

Mmushindu kayi uvuabu mua kushintulula ekeleziya?

Ku ndekelu kua bidimu bia 1400 ne ku ntuadijilu kua bidimu bia 1500, ditontolola Ekeleziya Katolike wa bena Lomo ne balombodi bende diakavula bikole. Mbuejilu ne buendenda biakanyanga ekeleziya mujima; ke bantu ba bungi kuela meji ne: bivua bikengela kushintulula malu a bungi. Mu 1517, Martin Luther wakalomba dishintuluka edi patoke ne bakuabu bakabuela pabu mu dikokangana adi, Dishintuluka dia bena Mishonyi e kutuadija.

Kadi bantu bavua basue dishintuluka aba kabavua ne lungenyi lumue pa tshivuabu ne bua kuenza anyi mushindu uvua dishintuluka adi ne bua kuenzeka to. Ba bungi bakamona ne: bivua bikengela kulamata ku Bible mu malu a ntendelelu. Kadi, bantu bavua bajinga dishintuluka aba kabavua nansha bapetangana pa mushindu wa kumvuija malongesha a mu Bible to. Bakuabu bakamona ne: Dishintuluka divua dienda bitekete menemene. Munkatshi mua bantu aba ke muvua tshisumbu tshia ba-Anabatiste tshituadijile.

Hans-Jürgen Goertz wakafunda mu mukanda wende ne: “Bua kuamba bulelela, kakuvua anu tshisumbu tshimue tshia ba-batiste to; bivuaku bia bungi.” (Die Täufer​—Geschichte und Deutung) Tshilejilu, mu 1521 bantu banayi bavua bamanyike bu baprofete ba mu tshimenga tshia Zwickau bakamuangalaja malongesha a ba-Anabatiste pa kuyisha mu Wittenberg. Mu 1525 bakenza tshisumbu tshitapuluke tshia ba-Anabatiste mu tshimenga tshia Zurich, mu ditunga dia Suisse. Bisumbu bia ba-Anabatiste biakatuadija kabidi mu Moravie (udi mpindieu ditunga dia République tchèque) ne mu Pays-Bas.

Batismo ng’wa bana anyi ng’wa bantu bakole?

Bisumbu bia ba-Anabatiste bivua misangu ya bungi bikese, ne benamu bavua pa tshibidilu basombe mu ditalala. Bena kuitabuja kabavua basokoka malongesha abu to, kadi bavua bayisha bantu bakuabu. Bakumvuija patoke malongesha a nshindamenu a ba-Anabatiste mu Tshisangilu tshia ditabuja tshia mu Schleitheim, mu 1527. Mu malongesha abu, bavua babenga mudimu wa busalayi, dibuelakana mu malu a bena panu ne bavua bipata benji ba malu mabi mu ekeleziya. Kadi tshintu tshia mushinga mukole mu malongesha abu, tshivua tshibatapulula ne bisumbu bikuabu tshivua dituishibua dikole dia se: batismo uvua bua bantu bakole, ki mbua bana to. *

Batismo wa bantu bakole kavua anu tshilumbu tshia malongesha a ekeleziya to, kadi uvua tshilumbu tshia bukokeshi. Bu bikale balekela bantu batambula anu ku bukulumpe, bipesha muntu mushindu wa kuangata dipangadika diashila pa ditabuja, bamue bantu kabavua mua kutambula nansha. Ne bantu bavua kabayi batambule kabavua mua kuikala ku bukokeshi bua ekeleziya mu mushindu  kampanda to. Bua bimue bitendelelu, batismo wa bantu bakole uvua umvuija dijimija dia bukokeshi.

Nunku, bena Katolike ne bena Luther bavua basue kusaka bantu bua kulekela tshienzedi tshia kutambuisha bantu bakole. Mu bimue bitupa, panyima pa tshidimu tshia 1529 bantu bavua batambuisha bantu bakole anyi aba bavua batambule ku bukulumpe bavua mua kupeta tshibawu tshia lufu. Kamona-kamba Thomas Seifert udi umvuija ne: “bakakengesha [ba-Anabatiste] bikole menemene mu Ampire Munsantu wa bena Lomo wa mu ditunga dia Allemagne.” Dibakengesha divua dikole menemene mu Münster.

Münster wa kale udi ukeba dishintuluka

Mu tshimenga tshia Münster wa mu tshikondo tshia kale muvua bantu batue ku 10 000 ne tshimenga etshi tshivua tshijingila kudi lumbu lukole lua bunene bua metre matue ku 90 ne bule bua kilometre mitue ku 5. Kadi nsombelu uvua munda mua tshimenga etshi kavua mushindame bu ngumbu yatshi to. Mukanda mukuabu mupatula kudi bena mu musée wa mu tshimenga tshia Münster udi wamba ne: muvua “makokangana a tshididi pankatshi pa bedi ba mikenji ba mu tshimenga ne bangenda.” (The Kingdom of the Anabaptists) Bena mu tshimenga bavua kabidi bafike munda bua bienzedi bia balombodi ba ekeleziya. Bena mu Münster bakitaba Dishintuluka, ne mu 1533 bakashintuluka, kubengabu ekeleziya Katolike, tshimenga kuluatshi tshia bena Luther.

Muntu umue munene mu bantu bavua bayisha dishintuluka edi mu Münster uvua Bernhard Rothmann, muntu uvua wenza malu mu tshiputuku. Mufundi Friedrich Oehninger udi umvuija “muakalua ngenyi ya [Rothmann] ya ba-Anabatiste; yeye ne bena diende bakuabu bakabenga kutambuisha bana.” Bantu ba bungi ba mu Münster bakamukuatshisha nansha muvua bakuabu bamona ne: ngenyi yende ivua minekesha. “Bantu ba bungi bavua banange nsombelu wa tshitendelelu tshia kale bakumbuka mu tshimenga atshi, bikale ne dielakana ne buôwa bua se: tshintu tshibi kampanda tshivua ne bua kuenzeka. Ba-Anabatiste bakavula bikole mu Münster, bafumina miaba yonso, batekemene dikumbana dia malu avuabu bindile.” Diunguila edi dia ba-Anabatiste mu Münster diakafikisha ku muanda kampanda udi ukuatshisha buôwa.

Badi bajingila Yelushalema mupiamupia

Bantu babidi ba mu Pays-Bas bavua balue kusombela mu Münster bakenza malu manene mu tshimenga atshi. Kuvua Jan Mathys, muoshi wa mampa wa mu tshimenga tshia Haarlem, ne Jan Beuckelson, uvua mumanyike bu Yone wa ku Leiden. Mathys uvua udiamba muvuaye muprofete ne wakamanyisha ne: dilua dia tshiakabidi dia Kristo divua ne bua kuenzeka mu ngondo muinayi mu 1534. Bakidika tshimenga tshia Münster ne: Yelushalema mupiamupia uvuabu baleje mu Bible, ne bantu bakavua bela meji anu ku nshikidilu. Rothmann wakangata dipangadika dia se: bintu bionso bivua ne bua kulua bia bantu bonso. Bantu bakole bavua mu tshimenga bavua ne bua kuangata dipangadika dia kutambushibua anyi kumbukamu. Munkatshi mua bantu ba bungi bakatambula muvua aba bavua batambule anu bua kubenga kushiya nzubu yabu ne bintu biabu.

Bitendelelu bikuabu kabitshivua ne bukole pakalua Münster tshimenga tshia kumpala muvua ba-Anabatiste bikale tshitendelelu tshinene ne bikale ne bukokeshi bua tshididi bua bungi. Bilondeshile mukanda mukuabu, nsombelu eu wakenza ne: “Ampire mujima Munsantu wa bena Lomo wa mu ditunga dia Allemagne aluishe Münster.” (Die Täufer zu Münster) Munene kampanda wa mu ampire au, mukalenge ne muepiskopo Comte Franz von Waldeck wakasangisha tshiluilu bua kujingila Münster. Tshiluilu atshi tshivua tshienza ne bena Luther ne bena Katolike. Bitendelelu bibidi ebi, bivua kumpala biluishangana bua tshilumbu tshia Dishintuluka ne bivua ne bua kulua kuluishangana mu matuku makese amu mu Mvita ya Bidimu 30, biakadisanga bua kuluisha ba-Anabatiste.

 Dibutuka dia bukalenge bua ba-Anabatiste

Bukole bua tshiluilu tshivua tshinyunguluke tshimenga kabuvua butshingisha aba bavua munda muatshi to. Mu Tshisanga 1534, tshikondo tshivuabu bambe ne: Kristo uvua ne bua kulua tshiakabidi, Mathys wakapatuka pambelu pa tshimenga mubande pa kabalu katoke, utekemena dikubibua kudi Nzambi. Elayi meji buôwa buakumvua bantu bavua ku luseke lua Mathys pavuabu batangidila kuulu kua tshimanu tshia tshimenga ne bamone basalayi bavua babanyunguluke bakosolola Mathys mu tutupa tutupa ne babandisha mutu wende ku mutshi.

Yone wa ku Leiden wakapingana pa muaba wa Mathys ne wakalua Mukalenge Jan wa ba-Anabatiste mu Münster. Wakasaka bantu balume bua kusela bakaji bungi buvuabu basue bualu tshimenga tshivua ne bantu bakaji ba bungi kadi bantu balume bakese. Tuangatayi tshilejilu tshimue bua kuleja muvua malu mikale makole mu bukalenge bua ba-Anabatiste mu Münster: bavua bashipa muntu yonso uvua wenda masandi, kadi bavua banyisha disela bakaji ba bungi ne basaka balume bua kuenza nanku. Mukalenge Jan nkayende wakasela bakaji 16. Pakamulomba umue wa ku bakaji bende (Elisabeth Wandscherer) dianyisha diende dia kumbuka mu musoko, bakamukosa mutu patoke.

Dijingila tshimenga diakenza ngondo 14, too ne pakakuatabu tshimenga mu Kabalashipu 1535. Bakabutula tshimenga tshia Münster mu mushindu uvuabu kabayi batshibutule kabidi too ne mu Mvita Mibidi ya buloba bujima. Rothmann wakanyema, kadi bakakuata Mukalenge Jan ne balombodi babidi ba ba-Anabatiste, bakabakengesha ne kubashipabu. Bakela mibidi yabu mu misasa ya biamu ne bakayibandisha bua kuyikudika ku kaleya ka nzubu wa Mvidi Mukulu wa Saint Lambert. Seifert udi umvuija ne: bakenza nanku bua “tshikale bu didimuija didi dikuatshisha buôwa kudi aba bonso badi mua kujinga kujula bimvundu.” Bushuwa, kubuelakana mu malu a tshididi kuakapatula bipeta bibiabibi.

Ntshinyi tshiakafikila bisumbu bikuabu bia ba-Anabatiste? Bakatungunuka ne kubikengesha munkatshi mua bidimu bia bungi ku Mputu mujima. Ba-Anabatiste ba bungi bakashala balamate anu ku mêyi abu a dibenga kubuela ku busalayi, nansha muvua bakese bitaba bua kuluangana. Mu kupita kua bidimu, Menno Simons, nsaserdose wa kale wakalua kulombola tshisumbu tshia ba-Anabatiste ne tshisumbu etshi tshiakalua kumanyika bu ba-Mennonite anyi mu mêna makuabu.

Misasa isatu

Ba-Anabatiste bavua bantu bavua basue kulamata ku mêyi a mu Bible. Kadi bantu bavua ne ngenyi mikolakane mu Münster bakafikisha ba-Anabatiste ku dilekela mêyi a mu Bible ne kuditua mu malu a tshididi. Pakalekela bena tshisumbu etshi kulonda mêyi a mu Bible, bakabangisha kuluisha mbulamatadi. Bualu ebu buakatuadila tshisumbu tshia ba-Anabatiste ne tshimenga tshia Münster tshia kale diakabi.

Batshitu bavuluija bantu batu balua mu tshimenga malu makuate buôwa aa akenzeka kukadi bidimu bitue ku 500. Mmushindu kayi? Ku diambuluisha dia misasa isatu ya biamu mikudika ku kaleya ka nzubu wa Mvidi Mukulu.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 13]

Bakakengesha mukalenge Jan, kumushipabu ne kumukudikabu ku kaleya ka Nzubu wa Mvidi Mukulu wa Saint Lambert