Binu bitu bituelesha tshianza mukana

NSHIMA (anyi bidia) batu bayibikila ne: “tshintu wa bujitu,” anyi “kamana nzala.” Itu bushuwa tshiakudia tshinene katshia ku kale. Bulelela, tshimue tshia ku bintu bitu muntu yonso eu utamba kukeba ntshiakudia tshia ku dituku ku dituku.

Bua kupeta nshima bitu bikengela bukula budibu bapeta padibu bapela bintu bu mudi matala. Nunku kupela mmudimu udi mutuadije kale. Bu binu anyi biamu bia bukula kabiyiku, kuvuija ntete bukula kuvua ne bua kuikala mudimu mukole. Kale, mutoyi wa dibue dia kupela nadi uvua uleja ne: nsombelu udi muimpe ne bantu mbasombe mu ditalala. Kadi pavua mutoyi wa nunku eu kauyiku, bivua bileja dikenga.​—Yelemiya 25:10, 11.

Kupela kuvua kulomba tshinyi mu bikondo bia kale? Bavua bapela mushindu kayi ne mbintu kayi bivuabu benza nabi mudimu eu? Mbia kupela nabi kayi bidi bikuelesha tshianza mukana lelu?

Bua tshinyi kuikala ne bia dipela nabi?

Yehowa wakambila Adama ne Eva bena dibaka ba kumpala ne: ‘Monayi, ngakunupa midioko yonso ya pa buloba idi yela ntete, ne mitshi yonso idi ikuama mamuma adi ne ntete munda, bua kuikalabi biakudia bienu.’ (Genese 1:29) Munkatshi mua biakudia bivua Yehowa mupeshe bantu muvua ntete ya bukula ivua ikuama ku nkolankola. Ntete eyi ivua ne mushinga wa bungi bua muntu kumonaye mua kuikala ne muoyo bualu ntete ya bukula yonso bu mudi itubu benza bukula bua mampa, losa, tubumba, mponda ne matala itu ne bintu kampanda (nsukadi) bitu bipetesha mubidi bukole.

Kadi muntu kêna ne mushindu wa kupuekesha ne mala ntete ya bukula mijima mijima to. Mbitamba kupepela bua bantu kuyidia padiyi mienza bukula ne milamba. Bua ntete kuvuayi bukula, batu nangananga bayitua mu tshinu, bayizaza pa mabue abidi, anyi bayitua ne bayizaza kabidi.

Binu bivua bilomba dikanda dia muntu

Tupingu tuvuabu basangane mu nkita ya kale ya bena Ejipitu tudi tuleja tshintu kampanda tshivuabu bapela natshi, tshinu tshienze bu tshiseba. Bavua batshibikila nunku bualu tshivua tshifuanangane ne tshiseba tshitubu bateka panyima pa nyama bua kusombelapu. Tshivua tshienza ne mabue abidi, dia panshi divua diondoke kakese ne dia pamutu divua dikese. Mupedi, uvua pa tshibidilu muntu mukaji, uvua utua binu kunyima kua tshinu etshi ne ukuata dibue dia pamutu ne bianza bibidi. Uvua utuma bujitu bua mubidi wende ku dibue edi ne udikoka panyima udipingaja kumpala dishala dishindame pa dibue divua panshi amu nanku amu nanku. Nunku uvua uzaza ntete pankatshi pa mabue abidi aa. Tshinu etshi tshivua tshipepele mua kutshienza ne tshivua tshienza mudimu bimpe!

Kadi kutua binu panshi mêba a bungi nunku kuvua kusamisha mubidi. Kukoka dibue dia pamutu panyima too ne ku ndekelu kua divua muinshi ne kudipingaja kumpala kuvua kulomba mupedi bua enze mudimu wa bungi ne nyima wende, maboko, bibelu, binu ne bana ba nkasa bende. Dikonkonona dia bilema bivuabu bamone ku mifuba misangana mu tshitupa tshia Sulia wa kale divua difikishe bashikuluji ba bintu bia kale ku diela meji se: kupela ne binu bifuanangane ne bia bena Ejipitu  kuvua kushiya nsongakaji ne bilema bua mudimu mukole uvuayi yenza anu kuenza. Bilema ebi bavua babisangane ku mifuba ya mu binu, ku manungu a ndekelu a muongo ne ku muana wa nkasa munene. Bidi bimueneka se: mu Ejipitu wa kale kupela ne tshinu tshivua tshilomba dikanda dia muntu kuvua mudimu wa bapika bakaji. (Ekesode 11:5) * Bamue bashikuluji ba malu batu bamba ne: pakumbuka bena Isalele mu Ejipitu, binu biakayabu nabi bivua binu bienze bu biseba.

Munkatshi mua malu akenzabu panyima bua kuakaja bintu ebi bia kutua nabi kuvua kutapa tujila tujila pa mabue onso abidi bua kuenzawu mudimu bimpe. Kutubula disoso dienza bu bukelu pa dibue dia pamutu kuakambuluisha bua mupedi kuelamu ntete, ntete eyi ivua idipuekela pankatshi pa mabue abidi au. Bidimu nkama isatu anyi nkama inayi ne bia mu njila kumpala kua bikondo bietu ebi, bena Greke bakenza tshinu tshivua katshiyi tshikole mua kupela natshi. Bakalamakaja ku dibue dia pamutu tshikuatshidi tshivua tshinyunguluka ku lusongo lumue. Kunyungulula kakese lusongo luatshi lukuabu lutua kumpala lupingana panyima kuvua kuenza bua se: dibue dia pamutu divua ne disoso bu bukelu didipela ku didi muinshi.

Binu bionso bitukadi batele bivua ne bualu bumue buvua butatshisha bikole. Bua kupelabi bivua bikengela dinyungakana dia kuya kumpala kupingana panyima divuabu kabayi mua kulongesha nyama nansha umue bua kuenzayi. Nunku bivua bilomba anu dikanda dia muntu. Pashishe kupatulabu tshintu tshikuabu tshipiatshipia: tshinu tshivua tshinyunguluka. Mpindieu nyama ivua mua kuambuluisha bua kupela.

Binu bivua binyunguluka biakapepeja mudimu

Tshinu tshia kutua natshi ntete tshidi tshinyunguluka tshivua tshienza pamu’apa mu matunga adi pabuipi ne Mâyi manene a Mediterane bidimu bitue ku nkama ibidi kumpala kua bikondo bietu ebi. Mu bidimu lukama bia kumpala mu bikondo bietu ebi, bena Yuda ba mu Peleshete bavua bamanye bimpe binu bia mushindu eu, bualu Yezu wakakula bua ‘dibue dinene dia kupela nadi [didi mpunda unyunguluja, NW].’​—Mâko 9:42.

Mu Lomo ne tshitupa tshinene tshia Ampire wa bena Lomo bavua bapela ne binu bivua nyama inyunguluja. Binu bia mushindu eu bitshidiku too ne lelu eu mu musoko wa Pompei. Binu ebi bitu bienza ne dibue dinene dia pamutu didi ne mudimu wa bukelu ne dibue dia panshi dia tshijengu. Pavua dibue dia pamutu dinyunguluka pamutu pa dia panshi, ntete miumbusha tuzubu ivua ipueka pankatshi pa mabue aa ne avua ayizaza ishala bukula. Mabue a pamutu adiku lelu a mushindu eu adi a bunene bushilangane bua santimetre mitue ku 45 too ne ku 90. Mabue aa avua bule bua santimetre 180.

Kabiena bimanyike ni binu bia bujitu bukese bivua bantu banyunguluja ne bivua bifumine ku ebi bivua nyama inyunguluja anyi bine ebi ke bivua bifumine ku ebi bivua bantu banyunguluja. Kadi, buimpe bua tshinu tshivua tshinyunguluka ku dikanda dia muntu buvua bualu tshivua tshipepele mua kutshiambula ne kabidi kupela natshi kakuyi lutatu. Tshivua tshienza ne mabue abidi a tshijengu a bunene bua pamu’apa santimetre 30 too ne ku 40. Ku mutu kua dibue dia panshi kuvua kubaluluke ndambu ne edi dia pamutu divua dikepesha kakese kuinshi kuadi bua dikumbanangane bimpe ne divua dibaluluke divua muinshi. Dibue dia pamutu divua dishindamene pa mulonda uvua pankatshinkatshi ne bavua badinyunguluja ku diambuluisha dia tshikuatshidi tshia dibaya. Pa tshibidilu, bantu bakaji babidi bavua basomba batangilangane, bakuata ne tshianza tshimue ku tshikuatshidi bua kunyungulula dibue dia pamutu. (Luka 17:35) Tshianza tshikuabu tshia mukaji umue tshivua tshiela ntete ku mikese ku mikese mu disoso dia pa dibue dia pamutu, ne mukuabu uvua ukungija ne tshiende tshikuabu bukula padibu bupatukila  ku nseke ya tshinu mu dilongo dibatalale anyi tshilamba tshiadija kuinshi kua tshinu. Binu bia mushindu eu bivua bikumbaja majinga a basalayi, bendi ba ne mazuwa a pa mâyi anyi mêku a bantu bakese avua kule ne miaba minene ivuabu bapelela.

Binu binyunguluja kudi mâyi anyi lupepele

Bivua bu mu tshidimu tshia 27 kumpala kua bikondo bietu ebi, mumanyi mupiluke wa bena Lomo Vitruvius wakafila diumvuija dia tshinu tshivua tshipela ne mâyi tshia mu tshikondo atshi. Mâyi avua apueka adikuma ku dikapakapa divua dimanyika diashila ku mulonda muladika, nunku avua anyunguluja dikapakapa edi. Dikapakapa edi divua ne menu divua diendesha mulonda uvua mutangile mulu ne wowu uvua dîba adi wendesha dibue dinene dia mpelu dia pamutu.

Difuanyikija mudimu muenza kudi tshinu tshia mâyi ne binu bikuabu didi dileja tshinyi? Batu batshinka ne: binu bivua bipela ku dikanda dia muntu bivua bipela ntete kilo mishadile ku 10 mu dîba dimue, ne binu bimpe menemene bivua nyama inyunguluja bivua bipela too ne ku kilo 50. Tshinu tshia mâyi tshia Vitruvius tshiotshi tshivua mua kupela kilo 150 too ne 200 mu dîba dimue. Lungenyi lunene lumvuija kudi Vitruvius bavua balukudimuina emu balukudimuina muamua ne baluakaja kudi benji ba binu bakumbane nkama ne nkama ya bidimu panyima.

Kabakenza mudimu anu ne mâyi nkayawu bua kunyunguluja mabue a mpelu to. Bavua mua kukumbaja tshipatshila tshimue tshimue etshi bu bobu mua kupingaja tshinu tshidi tshinyunguluka ne lupepele pa mutu pa makapakapa avua anyunguluka ne mâyi. Binu binyunguluja kudi lupepele biakatuadija ku Mputu pamu’apa mu lukama lua bidimu lua dikumi ne luibidi mu bikondo bietu ebi. Bakenza nabi mudimu miaba kabukabu mu Belgique, mu Allemagne, mu Hollande ne miaba mikuabu. Bakenza nabi mudimu too ne pakalua binu biendesha kudi luya lua mâyi anyi pakalua bintu bikuabu bitu biendesha biamu kuvuija ku kakese ku kakese ebi bionso bivuaku kumpala bikulukulu.

“Tshiakudia tshietu tshia ku dituku”

Nansha malu malubuluke mu muanda eu, mishindu ya bungi ya kupela ya kale itshidiku mu bimue bitupa bia buloba. Ki mbaji kulekela tshinu ne muinshi mu bimue bitupa bia Afrike ne Oceanie to. Mu ditunga dia Mexique ne mu Amerike wa pankatshi, batu bapela matala ne binu bienze bu biseba bua kuenza mikata. Kabidi, batshitu bapela ne bimue binu bia mâyi ne bia lupepele miaba mishilashilangane.

Kadi makula a bungi adibu benza nawu mampa lelu mu matunga mabanji mmapela ku binu bia mpanza ya biamu idi idinyungulukila nkayayi. Ntete miubula tuzubu badi bayenza bukula kakese kakese padibu bayitua pankatshi pa mpanza ibidi ya tshiamu mitapa tujila imue miaba ne idi inyunguluka ne lubilu lushilangane. Badi mua kupela ku mushinga mukese makula mashilangane ku ngenzelu eu.

Kupeta bukula bua kulamba biakudia kakutshiena pamu’apa mudimu mukole bu muvuabi kumpala. Nansha nanku tudi mua kuikala ne dianyisha kudi Mufuki wetu bua mudiye mutupeshe ntete ne lungenyi lua kuyenza “tshiakudia tshietu tshia ku dituku.”​—Matayo 6:11, MMM.

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Tshinu tshienze bu tshiseba tshia bena Ejipitu

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Soprintendenza Archeologica per la Toscana, Firenze

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Badi bazaza tumuma tua olive bua kupeta mafuta mu tshinu tshinyunguluja kudi nyama

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Tshiangatshila mu Self-Pronouncing Edition of the Holy Bible, containing the King James and the Revised versions