Dijadika dia kale dia mikanda mianyisha ya mu Bible

TELEJA MU

Dijadika dia kale dia mikanda mianyisha ya mu Bible

“MULONGO wonso mmufunda anu bua kujula muntu yonso udi musue malu a Bena Kristo ba kale nyota.” Mêyi aa ngadibu bumvuija nawu mukanda kampanda wa kale. Udi mumanye mukanda au anyi?

Misangu mikuabu ukadi mumvue bualu bua mukanda au anyi kutu muanji kubumvua to. Badi baubikila ne: Tshitupa tshia mukanda tshia Muratori. Kadi udi anu mua kudikonka ne: ‘Bua tshinyi Tshitupa tshia mukanda tshia Muratori etshi tshidi ne mushinga wa bungi nunku?’ Bualu mmukanda wa kale kupita mikuabu yonso udi utela mikanda mianyisha ya mu Bible idi mu Mifundu ya Tshiena-Greke ya bena Kristo.

Udi mua kuikala mumanye anu tshianana ne: kudi imue mikanda itu mu Bible. Kadi udi mua kukema bikole bua kumvua ne: kuvua tshikondo kampanda tshivua bantu kabayi bajadike mukanda wa kuela mu Bible ne wa kubenga kuelamu. Tshitupa tshia mukanda tshia Muratori tshidi tshitela mikanda ivuabu bitaba ne: mmifundisha ku nyuma wa Nzambi. Anu bu muudi mumanye, mikanda milelela ya mu Bible idi ne mushinga wa bungi. Bua nanku, ntshinyi tshidi tshitupa tshia mukanda etshi tshiamba bua mikanda idi mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Greke ya bena Kristo lelu? Tuanji kumanyaku amue malu adi atangila Tshitupa tshia mukanda etshi.

Muvuabu batshiangule

Tshitupa tshia mukanda eu ntshipesa tshia mukanda muenza ne biseba 76. Tshiseba tshionso tshivua ne bule bua santimetre 27 ne butshiama bua santimetre 17. Mumanyi wa malu a kale muena Italie mumanyike bimpe Ludovico Antonio Muratori (mulela mu 1672 ne mufua mu 1750), ke uvua muangule tshitupa tshia mukanda etshi mu Tshilaminu tshia mikanda tshia Ambroise, mu tshimenga tshia Milan, mu ditunga dia Italie. Muratori wakamanyisha tshivuaye muangule mu tshidimu tshia 1740, ne ke bualu kayi badi batshibikila ne: Tshitupa tshia mukanda tshia Muratori. Bidi bimueneka ne: bavua bafunde mukanda eu mu bidimu bia 700 mu lupangu lua badiambike lua ku Bobbio, pabuipi ne Piacenza, ku Nord kua Italie. Bavua baye nawu ku Tshilaminu tshia mikanda tshia Ambroise ku ntuadijilu kua bidimu bia 1600.

Tshitupa tshia mukanda etshi tshidi amu ne milongo 85 pa tshiseba tshia 10 ne tshia 11 tshia mukanda au. Biambilu mbifunda mu muakulu wa Latin, pamuapa kudi muntu uvua kayi wenza mudimu wende ne ntema ya bungi to. Kadi bakangula bimue bilema bivuaye muenze pakafuanyikijabu mukanda eu ne mikanda inayi ya mu bidimu bia 1000 ne 1100.

Bavua baufunde mu tshidimu kayi?

Nanku udi mua kuikala udikonka ne: malu adi mu Tshitupa tshia mukanda etshi bavua baafunde bangabanga mu tshidimu kayi? Bidi bimueneka ne: mukanda wa ntuadijilu bavua baufunde mu tshiena-Greke bidimu bia bungi kumpala kua wa mu Latin. Kudi tshintu tshidi tshiambuluishe bua kumanya tshikondo tshivuabu bafunde mukanda wa kumpala au. Mukanda eu udi utela mukanda mukuabu udi kauyi wa mu Bible, udibu babikila ne: Mulami, mufunda kudi Hermas. Udi wamba ne: bavua baufunde “anu matuku abidi aa mu tshimenga tshia Rome.” Bamanyi bapiluke badi bamba ne: Hermas uvua mufunde mukanda wende wa Mulami pankatshi pa tshidimu tshia 140 ne tshia 155. Nunku, udi umvua bua tshinyi bavua mua kuikala bafunde mukanda wa kumpala wa mu tshiena-Greke wa Tshitupa tshia mukanda tshia Muratori pankatshi pa tshidimu tshia 170 ne tshia 200.

Bu mudibu batela ne bakula mu mushindu mukuabu bua tshimenga tshia Rome, bidi bileja ne: bavua mua kuikala bafundile mukanda eu mu tshimenga etshi. Kadi kutshidi dielakana bua kumanya muntu uvua muufunde. Badi bela meji ne: uvua mua kuikala Clément wa ku Alexandrie anyi Melito wa ku Sâdi anyi Polycrate wa ku Efeso. Kadi bamanyi bapiluke ba bungi badi bamba ne: ng’Hippolyte, bualu uvua mufunde mikanda ya bungi mu tshiena-Greke ne uvua musombele mu Rome mu tshikondo tshivuabu mua kuikala bafunde malu adi mu Tshitupa tshia mukanda tshia Muratori. Nansha muudi kuyi mua kumona mushinga wa malu aa, udi mua kuikala ne dijinga dia kumanya malu makuabu bu mudi: malu adi mu mukanda eu adi aupesha mushinga wa bungi.

Malu adimu

Kamuena anu mêna a mikanda ya Mifundu ya tshiena-Greke ya bena Kristo to. Mudi kabidi diumvuija pa mikanda eyi ne pa bantu bavua mua kuikala bayifunde. Wewe mubale malu adimu, neumone ne: milongo ya kumpala kayenamu to, ne ku ndekelu malu adi bu adi akosekela mu njila. Udi utuadija kuakula bua mukanda wa Luka, ne wamba ne: munganga ke uvua muufunde. (Kolosai 4:14) Udi wamba ne: Luka udi mukanda muisatu. Nanku udi mua kumvua ne: tshitupa tshidi katshiyimu ntshia mukanda wa Matayo ne wa Mâko. Wewe mufike ku diumvua mushindu eu, Tshitupa tshia mukanda tshia Muratori tshidi ku tshiebe, bualu tshidi tshiamba ne: mukanda wa Yone mmuinayi.

Tshitupa tshia mukanda eu tshidi tshishindika ne: Luka uvua mufunde mukanda wa Bienzedi bia Bapostolo bua kuutumina ‘Teofilo wakunemekibua.’ (Luka 1:3, MMM; Bienzedi 1:1) Panyima udi ubanga kutela mikanda ivua mupostolo Paulo mutumine bena Kolinto (ibidi), bena Efeso, bena Filipoi, bena Kolosai, bena Galatia, bena Tesalonike (ibidi), bena Lomo, Filemona, Tito, ne Timote (ibidi). Badi bamba ne: mukanda wa Yuda ne mikanda ibidi ya Yone mmifunda ne nyuma wa Nzambi. Mbakule bua mukanda wa kumpala wa Yone pamue ne wa Evanjeliyo wende. Buakabuluibua ke mukanda wa ndekelu wa mikanda mifundisha ku nyuma wa Nzambi.

Tshintu tshia mushinga ntshia mudi mukanda eu utela mukanda wa Buakabuluibua bua Petelo, kadi wamba ne: bamue bavua bamba mudi bena Kristo kabayi mua kuubala to. Mufundi eu udi wamba ne: mikanda ya dishima ikavua mituadije kuenda mu bantu mu tshikondo atshi. Badi bambamu ne: ki mbimpe kuitaba mikanda ya dishima to, “bualu kakuena mushindu wa kusambakaja bintu bia bululu ne buitshi to.” Mukanda eu udi utela kabidi mikanda mikuabu ivuabu kabayi bangata bu mikanda mifundisha ku nyuma wa Nzambi. Bidi nanku bualu bavua bayifunda panyima pa bapostolo bamane kufua (tshilejilu mukanda wa Mulami wa Hermas) anyi bualu bavua balongeshamu malu a dishima.

Ku malu atukadi bamane kuamba aa udi mua kuikala mumone ne: mukanda wa Ebelu, mikanda ibidi ya Petelo ne wa Yakobo kayena munkatshi mua mikanda mianyisha ya mu Bible to. Kadi pavua mumanyi mupiluke Geoffrey Mark Hahneman wakula bua mudimu wa mutentudi wa mukanda eu, wakamba ne: “Bidi bimueneka ne: Tshitupa etshi tshivua mua kuikala ne malu makuabu akadi majimine mpindieu, ne imue misangu mukanda wa Yakobo ne wa Ebelu (ne 1 Petelo) ivua mua kuikala munkatshi muayi.”—The Muratorian Fragment and the Development of the Canon.

Nunku Tshitupa tshia mukanda tshia Muratori tshidi tshileja mukavua mikanda ya bungi idi mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Greke ya bena Kristo mianyisha bu mifundisha ku nyuma wa Nzambi katshia ku bidimu bia pankatshi pa 100 ne 200. Bushuwa, katuena mua kuitaba ne: mukanda kampanda mmuanyisha mu Mifundu Minsantu bualu mbautele mu mukanda kampanda wa kale to. Tshintu tshidi tshijadika mudi mikanda ya mu Bible mifundisha ku nyuma wa Nzambi mmalu adimu. Mikanda yonso idi yamba mudiyi mifumine kudi Yehowa ne idi yumvuangana mu kalu konso. Diumvuangana dimpe didi pankatshi pa mikanda mianyisha ya mu Bible 66 didi dileja mudiyi mu buobumue ne mudiku kakuyi mukuabu udi mupangike. Bua bualu ebu, mbimpe witabe mikanda eyi bua tshidiyi menemene: Idi Dîyi dia bulelela didi Yehowa mufundishe ne didiku too ne lelu.—1 Tesalonike 2:13; 2 Timote 3:16, 17.

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 13]

Ludovico Antonio Muratori

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 14]

Tshilaminu tshia mikanda tshia Ambroise

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 15]

Tshitupa tshia mukanda tshia Muratori

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Diritti Biblioteca Ambrosiana. Vietata la riproduzione. Aut. No. F 157/05

[Mêyi a dianyisha bua bimfuanyi mu dibeji 13]

TSHIBUMBA TSHIA NSENTEDI (TSHIA KULONGA)