Wessel Gansfort: “Mmuntu wakakeba dishintuluka kumpala kuadi”

Bua muntu yonso udi ulonga malu a Dishintuluka dia bena Mishonyi divua dituadije mu 1517, mmumanye bimpe mêna bu mudi dia: Luther, Tyndale, ne Calvin. Kadi anu bantu bakese ke badi bamanye dîna dia Wessel Gansfort. Bavua bamubikila ne: “Muntu wakakeba Dishintuluka kumpala kuadi.” Udiku musue kumanya malu a bungi adi amutangila anyi?

WESSEL uvua muledibue mu 1419 mu tshimenga tshia Groningen, mu Pays-Bas. Uvua umue wa ku bantu bakese bavua ne diakalenga dia kulonga kalasa mu bidimu bia 1400. Nansha muvuaye mulongi wa meji a bungi, wakalekela kalasa pavuaye ne bidimu 9 bualu baledi bende kabavua ne kantu ku bianza kabidi to. Diakalenga buende yeye, mamu mukuabu mukamba uvua mubanji wakapeta lumu lua meji a Wessel, yeye kutuadija kumufutshila tulasa. Wessel kupetaye mushindu wa kutungunuka ne tulasa tuende. Wakalua kulonga kujikija iniversite. Bidi bimueneka kabidi ne: uvua mupete dipoloma dikuabu dinene dia iniversite mu malu a teoloji.

Wessel uvua musue kumanya bintu bia bungi. Kadi mu tshikondo tshiabu atshi, kakuvua bilaminu bia mikanda bia bungi to. Nansha mukavuabu batuadije kuenza biamu bia kufunda nabi mikanda, kadi mikanda ya bungi ivua anu mifunda ku tshianza ne ivua mushinga mukole. Wessel uvua mu kasumbu ka bantu bavua balonge bikole bavua benza ngendu ya bungi bua kubala mikanda ivua kayiyi itamba kumueneka ne ikavua bantu bapue muoyo mu bilaminu bishilashilangane ne mu nzubu ya badiambike. Pavuabu bapeta malu mapiamapia bavua baalejangana. Uvua mupete dimanya dia bungi menemene ne uvua utentula bimue biambilu anyi malu avua mu mikanda ya kale ya tshiena-Greke ne mu Latin. Wakafunda kuuja mukanda tente. Bena teoloji nende bavua bamuelela meji mabi bualu malu a bungi avuaye mumanye kabavua banji kuumvua to. Bavua bamubikila ne: Magister Contradictionis (Mukalenge muena mpata).

“Bua tshinyi kuena umfikisha kudi Kristo?”

Bidimu bitue ku 50 kumpala kua Dishintuluka kutuadijadi, Wessel wakapetangana ne Thomas à Kempis (uvua muledibue mu 1379, mufue mu 1471), udibu bela meji ne: ke uvua mufunde mukanda muende lumu wa De Imitatione Christi (Didikija Kristo). Thomas à Kempis uvua mu tshisumbu kampanda tshia bena Katolike muvuabu  balomba bavuamu bua kudifila bikole kudi Nzambi. Mufundi mukuabu wa malu a mu nsombelu wa Wessel udi wamba ne: Thomas à Kempis uvua wambila Wessel misangu ya bungi bua kuikalaye ulomba Mariya diambuluisha. Wessel uvua pende umuambila ne: “Bua tshinyi kuena umfikisha kudi Kristo bualu yeye uvua muambile bantu badi ne bujitu bua bungi bua kuyabu kudiye?”

Badi bamba ne: Wessel kavua musue kulua nsaserdose to. Pavuabu bamukonke bua tshinyi uvua ubenga bua kuenza ka dibala mu mutu bua kulua nsaserdose, uvua muandamune ne: Kavua utshina bua kumowabu to, kavua mua kushintulula lungenyi luende elu to. Uvua mua kuikala wakula bua muvuabu kabayi mua kulumbuluisha bansaserdose; bualu mene bansasedose ba bungi bavua benza bilema kabavua babashipa to. Wessel uvua kabidi ubenga bimue bilela bia mu Katolike. Tshilejilu, bavua bamuamba mêyi mabi bua muvuaye ubenga bua kuitaba bishima bivuabu bafunde mu mukanda uvua muende lumu tshikondo atshi wa Dialogus Miraculorum. Uvua wambila bantu ne: “Mbimpe kubala malu adi mu Mukanda wa Nzambi.”

“Kebeji wakapambuka”

Wessel uvua mulonge tshiena-Ebelu ne tshiena-Greke ne uvua ne dimanya divule dia mikanda ya bafundi banene mu malu a nzambi ba kumpala. Bu muvua Wessel muledibue kumpala kua Érasme ne Reuchlin, tudi mua kuamba ne: uvua musue tshiena-Ebelu ne tshiena-Greke bikole bia dikema. * Kumpala kua Dishintuluka, bantu bavua bamanye tshiena-Greke bavua anu bakese. Mu Allemagne, bavua anu babala ku minu patupu, bualu kakuvua mukanda nansha umue mufunde bua kumona mua kulonga muakulu eu to. Bidi bimueneka ne: panyima pa dibutuka dia tshimenga tshia Constantinople mu 1453, Wessel wakapetangana ne badiambike ba bungi ba tshiena-Greke bavua banyemene ku matunga a ku Mputu ne kumulongeshabu anu malu manene a mu tshiena-Greke. Mu tshikondo atshi, anu bena Yuda ke bavua bakula tshiena-Ebelu, ne bidi bimueneka ne: bena Yuda bavua balue bena Kristo bakamulongesha malu manene a tshiena-Ebelu.

Wessel uvua munange Bible bikole. Uvua umuangata bu mukanda mufundisha kudi Nzambi, ne uvua witaba mudi mikanda yonso ya mu Bible mikale ipetangana. Bua Wessel, diumvuija dimpe dia mvese didi ne bua kuikala mu diumvuangana  ne mvese mikuabu ne katuena ne bua kudikonyangaja to. Diumvuija dia mvese dibi dionso mbutontolodi. Umue wa ku mvese ivuaye mutambe kunanga ngua Matayo 7:7, udi wamba ne: “Nukebe, nenumone.” Bilondeshile tshidi mvese eu wamba, Wessel wakamona ne: mbimpe kuela nkonko, e kuambaye anu musombelabu bamba ne: “Kebeji wakapambuka.”

Dilomba dia pa buadi

Wessel wakaya kuendakana ku Lomo mu 1473. Ke kupetaye mushindu wa kuyikila ne Pape Sixte IV, (yeye ke wa kumpala wa ku bapape 6 bavua benze bilema binene bivua bifikishe ku Dishintuluka dia bena Mishonyi). Mufundi wa malu a kale Barbara Tuchman udi uleja muvua Pape Sixte IV mutuadije tshikondo tshivua muntu ‘uditua ne kasuki mu dienza malu adi amusankisha patoke, kakuyi bundu, ne dienzeja bakuabu malu ku makanda.’ Uvua mutonde bantu bua muvuaye upesha bana babu ne balelela bende mianzu. Mufundi mukuabu udi wamba ne: Sixte uvua mua kuikala ujinga bua malu a bupape alue a bena mu dîku diabu. Anu bantu bakese ke bavua babululaku mukana mua kuamba muvua malu au mabi.

Kadi, Wessel Gansfort uvua mushilangane ne bantu bakuabu. Tshilejilu, dimue dituku Pape Sixte wakamuambila ne: “Muananyi, ndomba tshionso tshiudi natshi bualu, nenkupetshi.” Wessel wakandamuna diakamue ne: ‘Tatu munsatu, bu muudi muakuidi munene ne mulami munene wa mikoko pa buloba, ndi nkulomba ne: ukumbaje mudimu webe mu mushindu mulenga bua ne: palua Mulami Munene wa mikoko, akuambile ne: “Bimpe, muananyi muimpe ne muntumikidi, buela mu disanka dia Mukalenge webe.”’ Pape Sixte uvua mumuandamune ne: bionso abi mmudimu wende, kadi Wessel uvua ne bua kumulomba tshintu tshikuabu buende yeye nkayende. Wessel wakamba ne: “Nanku ndi nkulomba bua umpeshe Bible wa tshiena-Greke ne wa tshiena-Ebelu wa ku idi mu Tshilaminu tshia mikanda tshidi ku Vatican.” Pape wakamupesha tshivuaye ukeba, kadi wakamona ne: Wessel uvua mulombe tshintu bu muntu udi kayi ne meji; uvua mua kuikala nansha mulombe bua alue nsaserdose!

“Mafi ne tshilema”

Diakabi, bu muvua Pape Sixte ukeba makuta bua kuibakishaye Nzubu wa Mvidi Mukulu udibu  babikila lelu ne wa: Sixtine, wakatuadija kufutshisha makuta bua kuakuila bafue. Tshilele etshi tshia kuenza masambila bua kulombela bafue luse anyi kubakuila tshivua tshimanyike bikole. Mukanda mukuabu udi wamba ne: “Bakamba bonso ne baledi bavua bafuishe bavua batula kabu kuonso kavuabu naku bua kupatuisha bafue babu mu Mpurgatoriyo.” (Vicars of Christ​—The Dark Side of the Papecy) Tshilele etshi tshivua tshitangalake bikole mu bantu ba tshianana bavua bela meji ne: pape uvua mua kuenza ne: balunda ne balela babu bavua bafue baya mu diulu.

Kadi Wessel wakamba ushindika ne: ni ng’Ekeleziya Katolike, ni pape, kakuena udi mukumbane bua kubuikidila bantu mibi yabu to. Wessel wakamba patoke muvua difila makuta bua kusambidila bafue dikala “mafi ne tshilema.” Kavua kabidi witaba ne: kuela konfesiyo kudi bansaserdose kuvua kujimija mibi ya muntu to.

Wessel uvua kabidi ubenga lungenyi lua ne: pape katu mua kuenza bibi to. Uvua wamba ne: Ekeleziya udi mua kuteketa bikala bantu mua kushala anu batekemene kudi bapape, bualu batu benza pabu bilema. Wessel wakafunda ne: ‘Bikala bansaserdose bakupula mikenji ya Nzambi bua kuela yabu, bionso bidibu benza bidi mu tshijengu.’

Wessel udi usebela Dishintuluka njila

Wessel wakafua mu 1489. Nansha muvuaye mubenge amue malongesha a dishima a mu Katolike, wakashala anu muena Katolike. Kadi Ekeleziya kavua umuangata bu mutontolodi to. Panyima pa lufu luende, bansaserdose bavua banange Katolike bikole bakatuadija kukeba mushindu wa kujimija mikanda yende bualu buabu bobu ivua mikanda mibi. Mu tshikondo tshia Luther, dîna dia Wessel dikavua dijimine mu bantu, kakuvua mukanda wende nansha umue uvuabu bapatule ku biamu to; ne mikanda mikese ivuaye mufunde ku bianza ke ivuaku. Mikanda ya kumpala ya Wessel ivua mipatuke pankatshi pa tshidimu tshia 1520 ne 1522. Mu yoyi emu muvua mukanda uvua Luther musakidile lua ku mbangilu ulomba bantu bua kubalabu malu avua Wessel mufunde.

Nansha muvua Wessel kayi mukebeshe Dishintuluka bu mudi Luther, uvua wela patoke bimue bintu bibi bivua bifikishe ku Dishintuluka. McClintonk ne Strong badi bamba bua bualu buende mu mukanda udibu bafunde ne: Wessel “mmuena Allemagne udi mutambe menemene kutapila Dishintuluka njila.”​—Cyclopedia.

Luther uvua wangata Wessel bu muntu uvua umutua nyama ku mikolo. Mufundi mukuabu wa mikanda diende Cornelis Augustijn, wakafunda ne: “Luther uvua ufuanyikija tshikondo tshiende ne malu avua mamuenzekele ne a Eliya. Anu bu muvua muprofete eu wela meji ne: anu yeye nkayende ke uvua mushale bua kuluangana mvita ya Nzambi, ke muvua Luther pende wela meji ne: mmushale nkayende bua kuluisha ekeleziya. Kadi pavuaye mubale mikanda ivua Wessel mufunde, uvua mumone ne: Mukalenge uvua musungile bantu bakuabu mu ‘bena Isalele bavua bashale.’” “Luther wakafika ku diamba ne: ‘Bu meme mubale malu avua [Wessel] mufunde kumpala, baluishi banyi bavua mua kuela meji ne: Luther mmutentule malu onso a Wessel, bualu ngelelu wende wa meji udi upetangana menemene ne wanyi.’” *

‘Neupete’

Dishintuluka kadiakalua mu dituku dimue to. Ngenyi ya bungi ivua mu bantu ba mu tshikondo atshi ke ivua ku kakese kakese mifikishe bantu ku dikeba Dishintuluka. Wessel uvua mumone ne: nsombelu mubi uvua bapape nende uvua ne bua kufikisha ku dijinga dia kushintulula malu. Umue musangu uvua muambile mulongi mukuabu ne: “Wewe udi mulongi wa meji, newikale ne muoyo too ne dituku dikala balongi balelela bonso ba malu a bena Kristo mua kubenga malongesha a bena teoloji bena mpata.”

Nansha muvua Wessel mufike ku dijingulula malu ne bilele bibi bia mu tshikondo tshiende, kavua mujingulule malongesha malelela onso adi mu Bible to. Nansha nanku, buende yeye Bible ke mukanda wa kubala ne wa kulonga. Bilondeshile bidibu bafunde mu mukanda mukuabu, Wessel “uvua wamba ne: bu mudi Bible mufundisha ku nyuma wa Nzambi, tudi ne bua kumulonda anu yeye mu ntendelelu.” Mu matuku etu aa, bena Kristo balelela badi bitaba mudi Bible muikale Dîyi dia Nzambi difundisha ku nyuma wende. (2 Timote 3:16) Kadi lelu, kumanya malu malelela adi mu Bible kakutshiena kukole to. Lelu kupita too ne muvuabi kale, ke tshikondo tshia tuetu kulamata dîyi dia mu Bible edi dia ne: “Nukebe, nenumone.”​—Matayo 7:7; Nsumuinu 2:1-6.

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[Kazubu/​Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 14]

WESSEL NE DÎNA DIA NZAMBI

Mu mikanda ivua Wessel mufunde, dîna dia Nzambi didimu misangu ya bungi ndia “Johavah.” Kadi uvua muenze mudimu ne “Yehowa” anu misangu mipite pa ibidi. Pavua Heiko Oberman umvuija malu a Wessel wakamba ne: Wessel uvua wela meji ne: bu Thomas Aquinas ne bantu bakuabu bamanye tshiena Ebelu, “bavua mua kuikala bafike ku dimanya ne: dîna dia Nzambi divuabu bambila Mose divua diumvuija ‘Nengikale tshingikala’ kadi ki ‘Ndi mundi’ nansha.” * Bible wa Les Saintes Écritures​—Traduction du monde nouveau mmukudimune bimpe diumvuija didiye ufila dia ne: ‘Nendivuije tshingikale mua kudivuija.’​—Ekesode 3:13, 14.

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Tshipesa tshia mukanda: Universiteitsbibliotheek, Utrecht

[Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 15]

Wessel uvua ubenga tshilele tshia kufuta makuta bua kulombela bafue luse tshivua Pape Sixte IV muitabe