MIVWIMBIMBI YAKUSHIKULU
Jishimbi Jize Jahandunwine jiNgalila jaKaye
OMU Christopher Columbus akindulukile ungeji wenyi watete kufuma kuAmerica mu 1493, vamyangana vamulifuchi lyaSpain naPortugal valipulile jipami hakusaka vatachikize iya mwapwa twamina wamulimo wakusekasana nakuyula mafuchi amahya aze vawanyine. Vaka-lifuchi lyaSpain vatalile kuli pope Alexander VI akumise chihande kana.
VAMYANGANA NAVAPOPE NAVAPULA JINGALILA JAKAYE
Halwola kana vaka-lifuchi lyaSpain naPortugal vapwile hivanatambula lyehi mafuchi kana. Kaha kuheta mu 1455, Pope Nicholas V ahanyine lisesa vaPutulukeshi mangana vakekese mafuchi namatungu akukulo yakalungalwiji wamulifuchi lyaAfrica nakutambula vyuma vyosena vawanyinemo. Kaha mu1479 muchiyulo chaAlcáçovas Afonso V namwanenyi John II vamulifuchi lyaPortugal vahanyine matungu aCanary kuli Ferdinand naIsabella naIsabel wakuSpain. Kaha vaka-lifuchi lyaSpain vawanyine nge vaputulukeshi vapwile nangolo hakusekasana chavaka-Africa, kaha vapwile nawa nangolo hamatungu aAzores, namatungu aCape Verde, naMadeira. Omu mwahichile myaka yivali, Pope Sixtus IV akekesele cheka chiyulo kana nakuhanjika ngwenyi kala vyuma vyavihya navawana kusulo nakumututuko wamatungu aCanary navipwa vyavaka-lifuchi lyaPortugal.
Chipwe ngocho, John uze vali nakuvuluka jino ngwavo John II wakulifuchi lyaPortugal ambile ngwenyi mafuchi aze awanyine Columbus apwile avaka-lifuchi lyaPortugal. Oloze vatu vamulifuchi lyaSpain kavetavilile lushimbi kanako, ngachize vatwalile chihande kana kuli pope wamuhya Alexander VI mangana avahane ngolo jakuyula nakulingisa vatu vamuvihela vize awanyine Columbus kupwa vaka-Kulishitu.
Ngiza yize apulile Pope Alexander VI, yahandunwine kaye muvihanda vivali
Alexander akashile jishimbi jeka jitatu. Lushimbi lwatete lwapwile “mungolo jakuyula jaKalunga Wangolo Josena,” jakuhana vaka-lifuchi lyaSpain vihela vyavihya vipwenganga vyavo haya myaka yosena. Kaha lushimbi lwamuchivali lwapwile lwakupula ngiza yakusuhwa jikilomita 560 kufuma kunote nakuya kumulauko wamatungu alifuchi lyaCape Verde. Alexander ambile ngwenyi mafuchi osena aze navawana kumulauko wangiza nawapwa avaka-lifuchi lyaSpain. Ngiza yize apulile pope yahandunwine jingalila jakaye muvihanda vivali. Lushimbi lwenyi lwamuchitatu lwakwachile navaka-lifuchi lyaSpain swi nakumututuko walifuchi lyaIndia. Echi chalingishile Mwangana John apihilile mwomwo vatu jenyi vapwile vachili mukutambula mafuchi akusongo yaAfrica, nakulingisa vaPutulukeshi vatambule Kalungalwiji waIndia.
NGIZA YAYIHYA YAHAMAPU
John azeyele navilinga vyaAlexander, * ngachize alivwasanyine naFerdinand naIsabella. Muka-kusoneka walijina lyaWilliam Bernstein ambile ngwenyi, “Omu vamyangana valilimi lyaSpanish vevwile woma chiyulo chachipi chavaPutulukeshi, vawahililile chikuma hakumona vali nakuyula vaka-lifuchi lyaAmerica.” Ngachize, mumwaka wa 1494 lushimbi luze valukile lijina lyambaka yaSpain muze vakashile lushimbi kana valusayinyinyine mungiza yaTordesillas.
Lushimbi lwamungiza yaTordesillas yize apulile Alexander kufuma kuNote swi nakuSulo ahakilileko nawa jikilomita 1,480 kuya kumulauko.Lifuchi lyaAfrica naAsia apwile mafuchi vatambwile kuli vaka-lifuchi lyaPortugal lifuchi lyalihya lyaSpain. Ngiza yize vahakilileko kumulauko yalingishile vawane mafuchi eka akufwana nge Brazil mujingalila javaPutulukeshi.
Lushimbi luze lwetavishile lifuchi lyaSpain naPortugal vatambule mafuchi aze vatambwile lwavahanyine ngolo jakulalisa myono yavatu. Jishimbi kana jalingishile vakaSpain navakaPortugal vayanjise vatu vaze vawanyine mumafuchi aze vatambwile, kaha echi chanehele chimbalanganyi mukachi kamafuchi hamyaka yayivulu.
^ par. 9 Nge muli nakusaka mijimbu yayivulu yakutalisa kuli ou pope, kaha talenu mutwe wakwamba ngwavo “Alexander VI—A Pope That Rome Does Not Forget” muKaposhi Kakutalila waJune 15 2003 mafwo 26-29.