MIVWIMBIMBI YAKUSHIKULU

Herodotus

PUTUKA KWIMBISA

Herodotus

UNO kuyoya chapwile ngachilihi mumyaka yakunyima? Uno vatu vakavangijilenga visemwa muka? Vaka-kuvumbwojola vyakushikulu vanahase kukumbulula vihula vimwe. Hakusaka tutachikize muvapwilenga nakushinganyeka vatu vakunyima, nachitukafwa chikuma nge natutala vyuma vize asonekele lunga umwe vyakutalisa kulwola luze ayoyelelemo. Lunga kana ayoyele myaka kafwe 2,400 kunyima. Lijina lyenyi ikiye Herodotus, kaha apwile kaHelase uze apwile muka-kwambulula mijimbu uze ayoyele mulikulukaji lyamyaka lyakusokesa 50 B.C.E. Mukanda wenyi asonekele wapwile namutwe muka? Wapwile namutwe wakwamba ngwavo, The Histories (Mijimbu yaKunyima).

Herodotus aputukile kusoneka vyuma vize vyanehelenga jita yize vazungilenga vaHelase, chikumanyi vyuma vyalingishile vaka-Peleja vavalukuke mu 490 namu 480 B.C.E. Vyuma kana vyasolokele omu Herodotus apwile kanyike. Asonekele nawa vyuma vyosena vize awanyine kupandama kumafuchi osena aze valukukile kuli vaka-Peleja.

ASONEKELE NAVYUMA VYEKA, KESHI NGE MIJIMBU YAKUSHIKULU KAHAKO

Herodotus apwile nawana wakusoneka mijimbu. Apwilenga nakusoneka munona munona vyuma vyosena vize vyapwile nakusakiwa mumijimbu yenyi. Vyuma ateselemo Herodotus vyapwa vyakukomwesa mwomwo halwola asonekelenga mijimbu yenyi, fulumende kayapwile namijimbu yize atelele kupendaminahoko.

Mumyaka kana yize, vatu kavapwilenga nakusoneka mijimbuko, kuvanga kaha nge vali nakusaka valitukwojole havilinga vyavo numba jino vavisoneke hamalolwa mangana vakavanukileho. Hakusoneka mijimbu yenyi, Herodotus apendaminyine havyuma vize amwene, namijimbu yavisemwa vyavatu, naunjiho wavatu kutalisa kuvyuma vize apwile nakusaka kusoneka. Hakusaka awane mijimbu yakusoneka, Herodotus atambukilenga jitunda jajisuku nakuya kuvihela vyavivulu. Akolelele muchiyulo chavaHelase chaHalicarnassus (vanakuvulukanga makumbi ano ngwavo Bodrum, kusulo yaTurkey) kaha atambukilenga chikuma jingalila jamulifuchi lyaGreece.

Hakusaka awane mijimbu yakusoneka, Herodotus atambukilenga jitunda jajisuku

Atambukililenga kunote yakalungalwiji vavuluka ngwavo Black Sea nangalila yaScythia yamulifuchi vanakuvuluka makumbi ano ngwavo Ukraine, nakusulo yalifuchi lyaPalestine naKumututuko walifuchi lyaEjipitu. Kaha atambukilile cheka kumututuko waMbavilone nakukafwila pamo kumusamuko muchiyulo chavaHelase kuze vali nakuvulukanga makumbi ano ngwavo Italy. Kuvihela kwosena kuze ayilenga, apwilenga nakutalatala nakuhulisa vatu, kaha vyuma vize amwene navize vamulwezele kuli vatu vaze afwelelele vikiko asonekele mumijimbu yenyi.

HERODOTUS ASONEKELE VYUMA MUKWOLOKA

Papyrus fragment of The Histories

Uno mijimbu asonekele Herodotus yapwa yakwoloka tahi? Mijimbu asonekele vayimona kupwa yakwoloka mwomwo asonekele vyuma vize alimwenenene nameso enyi kapu navihela vize atambukilile. Vyuma alumbununa kutalisa kuvisemwa vize kavatachikiza vaka-Greece vyakufwana nge vilika valingilenga hakufunda vamyangana vamuScythia chipwe visemwa vyavaka-Ejipitu vyakumisa mujimba wamufu vyalitombola navyuma vawana vaka-kuvumbwojola. Vachiwana nge mijimbu yize asonekele kutalisa kuEjipitu “yapwa yayilemu kuhambakana mijimbu yosena yize vasonekele kushikulu yakutalisa kulifuchi kana.”

Kakavulu Herodotus apwilenga nakupendamina haunjiho uze vapwilenga nakukakasana vatu mwomwo ahonenenga mwakulingila. Kaha nawa vatu vamumakumbi enyi vafwelelelenga chikuma mutulunga twavo ngwavo vakiko vapwilenga nakuvakafwa. Ngachize, vyuma vimwe vize asonekele kavyalitombola navyuma vize veji kusonekanga vaka-kusoneka mijimbu vamakumbi anoko. Chipwe ngocho, Herodotus ahandunwinenga vyuma vyamuchano nevi vyamakuli. Avulukile ngwenyi kafwelelele vyuma vyosena vize vamulwezelenga vatuko. Akukulwilenga mijimbu yenyi hakukekesa kanawa vyuma vize awanyine nakuvyesekesa.

Ou mukanda vavuluka ngwavo The Histories watwama namujimbu asonekele Herodotus mukuyoya chenyi. Mijimbu kaneyi asonekele yapwa yakulipwila mwomwo hakutesamo mulimo kanou chasakiwile kuzachisa jimbongo jajivulu.