MIVWIMBIMBI YAKUSHIKULU
Ignaz Semmelweis
IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS kapwa mutu uze aya fumako oloze milimo azachile yanganyalisa jitanga jajivulu makumbi ano. Asemukilile munganda yaBuda (vanakuvuluka makumbi ano ngwavo Budapest), muHungary. Atambwile chitupa chenyi chadegree mu 1844 haYunivesiti YamuVienna. Omu vamutongwele mu 1846 apwenga muhato kuli mutu alinangula chikuma vyaundotolo muFirst Maternity Clinic yachipatela chachinene chaVienna’s General Hospital, Semmelweis amwene vyuma vimwe vize vyamukomwesele chikuma. Hachipatela kana mapwevo hakusapuluka vafwilenga chikuma, kuhambakana hajipaseti 13. Kaha musongo wavalilenga shina wachildbed fever.
Vatu vavavulu vahundanganyine vawane mwakukumishila musongo kana, oloze nou auhashile wauchi. Vyuma vyosena vize valingile hakusaka kukumisa ukalu kana kavyavakafwileko. Hakuwana nge Semmelweis kalitwaminyine kushinganyeka havaveji vosena vaze vavijile musongo kanou waupi uze wavajihilengako, chamulingishile afwile kuwana vyuma vyapwile nakuneha ou musongo namwakuukila.
Muchipatela muze azachilililenga Semmelweis mwapwilenga tupete tuvali twavaka-majimo. Mukapete katete mukiko mwafwilenga chikuma mapwevo kuhambakana mukapete kamuchivali. Chihandwa chapwileho shina, vandotolo vavanangwililenga mukapete katete, kaha vifungiji vavanangwililenga mukapete kamuchivali. Mwomwo ika vatu vapwilenga nakufwila chikuma mukapete katete kuhambakana mukapete kamuchivali? Hakusaka awane vyuma kana, Semmelweis ahehwojwele vyuma vize amwene ngwenyi pamo vikiko vyanehele musongo kana, oloze kawanyine nge vikikoko.
Kukuputuka chamwaka wa 1847, Semmelweis awanyine unjiho waulemu uze wamulingishile atachikize kwafumine musongo kana. Sepa lyenyi uze muvazachililenga Jakob Kolletschka afwile omu alilemekele kumunwe halwola apwile nakupula mufu. Omu atangile mujimbu vasonekele vandotolo vaze vapulile mujimba waKolletschka, atachikijile jino ngwenyi vyuma vawanyine vyalifwanyine navize vyajihilenga mapwevo hakusapuluka. Ngocho, Semmelweis ashinganyekele ngwenyi
vyuma vimwe vyafuminenga kuvafu vikiko vyanehele musongo uze wajihilenga vaka-majimo. Vandotolo navaka-kulinangula vyaundotolo vaze vapwilenga nakupula vivimbi shimbu kanda vayenga mukapete kakusapulwishila, vakiko vatambwishilenga vaka-majimo musongo kana chakuzeneka kuchitachikiza. Mukapete kamuchivali kamwafwilenga chikuma mapwevoko mwomwo vaka-kusapulwisa kavapulilenga vafuko.Kufumaho, Semmelweis ahanyine lushimbi luze vakavangijilenga vosena lwakusana kumavoko nameya avitumbo shimbu kanda vayenga nakupima vaka-majimo. Chuma kana chapwile changanyo chikuma mwomwo paseti yavatu vaze vafwilenga yaholokele kufuma ha 18.27 muApril nakuheta ku 0.19 kusongo yamwaka.
“Vyuma ngwalinangwile vyakafwile vipatela hakusapulwisa mapwevo javatu vaze nawa vapwile visemi.”—Ignaz Semmelweis
Keshi nge vatu vosena vawahililile navyuma alingile Semmelweisko. Vyuma awanyine Semmelweis vyasolwele nge vyuma awanyine mukulwane wenyi kutalisa kumusongo wachildbed fever vyapwile vyamokomoko. Ngocho ou mukulwane wenyi apihililile chikuma hashisa apwile nayo Semmelweis. Echi chikiko chalingishile Semmelweis vamufumise hamilimo muVienna, kaha akindulukile kwimbo lyenyi kuHungary. Kuze ayile awanyine milimo yeka hachipatela chaSt. Rochus Hospital muPest, kaha vamutongwele kupwa mukulwane kulipatimende lyavaka-majimo, ngocho azachishile jijila jenyi jize jatepulwile chikuma musongo wachildbed fever.
Mu 1861, Semmelweis asonekele mujimbu wamilimo yenyi mumukanda waThe Cause, Concept, and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever. Chaluvinda, kulema chavyuma awanyine kavachitachikijile kuvatuko palanga nomu mwahichile myaka yayivulu. Kutwala muze, vatu vavavulu vaze vatelelele kachi vavalwile vafwile.
Semmelweis vamutachikijile jino kupwa naikiye mukulwane wavaka-kuhehwojola vitumbo vyakujihisa tututu. Vyuma ahehwojole vyakafwile vakwavo vatachikize nge tututu vaze vamwenenga nalikina lyamicroscope vakiko veji kunehanga misongo. Lunga kana naikiye atwama hamukana wavatu vasonekele mijimbu yatututu vaze vanahase kuneha misongo, mujimbu wenyi asonekele wapwa waulemu chikuma kuhambakana mijimbu yavakwavo. Oloze myaka 3000 kunyima, Jishimbi jaMose jize vejile nakusoneka jino muMbimbiliya, jahanjikile chimweza jila yamwaza yakukwachilamo mufu.