Aristotle asonekele vyakupandama kuvyakufunjejeka, navyamumelu, navyakuyoya, namwakusakwila vyuma vyakwoloka navyakuhenga, navyamalimi, nakujishimbi, nakukulonga, navyajimangineti, navyuma tweji kumonanga, navyakutambuka, navyaviseke, navyatushimutwiji, navyamapolitiki, nakulinangula vilinga vyavatu navishinganyeka vyavo, namwakuhanjikila kanawa malimi, kuhakilako vene navyamwono uze amwene ngwenyi weji kufwanga. Havyuma vyosena ahehwojwele ayile chikuma fuma muvyuma vyakuyoya navyakutalisa kukulonga.

Malunga vamwe vavaHelase yakushikulu vaze valinangula chikuma vapendaminyine chikuma havyuma vamwene, nakuhumikiza mwalumbunukilile vyuma vyakutenga. Kushinganyeka havyuma vamwene kupwa vyamuchano, chavalingishile vafwelele ngwavo nge navahunanana kanawa hamuchano wavyuma kanevi, kaha nachivakafwa vakukulule mujila yakwoloka.

Vishinganyeka kanevi vyautu vyavalingishile vakukulule vyuma vyavivulu vamwene ngwavo vyakwoloka. Chuma chimwe vakukulwile shina chakwamba nge kwatwama ngolo jimwe jeji kulingisanga vyuma vipwenga mukulonga. Numba tuhu vakukulwile mujila kaneyi, oloze kuchapwile lika ukalu waunene mwomwo vishinganyeka vyavo vyapwile vyakukuminamo,  kahechi chalingishile malunga kana kuhakilako vene naAristotle vakukulule vyuma mujila yakuhenga. Chakutalilaho, vashinganyekele ngwavo jipulaneti navatanganyika vyeji kujingulukanga mavu. Halwola kana, vashinganyekele nge ou wapwile himuchano. Mukanda waThe Closing of the Western Mind wamba ngwawo; “Vyuma vashinganyekele navize vamwene vyasokele nge vinalitombola navishinganyeka vyavaHelase vyakwamba ngwavo mavu kawajingulukako.”

Vishinganyeka kanevi vyakuhenga vyahungumwishile vaka-sayasi navaka-jichachi.

“Vaka-Kulishitu” vamuEurope vakushikulu, vetavilile vyuma vimwe anangwilenga Aristotle kupwa vyakwoloka. Vaka-kulilongesa vyaukalunga vavaKatolika vavavulu, chikumanyi Thomas Aquinas (c. 1224-1274), vetavilile vyuma anangwile Aristotle nakuvisoneka mumikanda yavo vazachishilenga hakulemesa kalunga. Ngocho vishinganyeka vyaAristotle vyakwamba ngwenyi ano mavu emana kaha hamwe vyapwile jino hilushimbi luze vaputukile kunangula vaka-Katolika. Kunangula kanechi vachitavilile nakuli vatwamina vamuPolotesitati, vakufwana nge Calvin naLuther vaze vetavilile ngwavo kunangula kana chapwa chamuMbimbiliya.—Talenu lipwata lyakwamba ngwavo “ Vatangilenga Chikuma Mbimbiliya.”

Muka-kusoneka umwe walijina lyaCharles Freeman ambile ngwenyi: “Vyuma vimwe anangwilenga [Aristotle] kavyalihandunwine navyuma vize vanangwilenga vaka-katolikako.” Kaha nawa vamba ngwavo, Aquinas jino “ambapachishile” Aristotle muchachi yaKatolika. Echi chasoloka hatoma muvyuma asonekele Freeman, uze ambile ngwenyi: “Aquinas vamukunywile nakufwelela vyuma anangwilenga Aristotle.” Kaha tunahase kwamba ngwetu nachachi vene yetavilile kunangula chenyi. Kaha lunga umwe uze alinangula chikuma makumi navyamumelu Galileo, ahanyine unjiho wenyi wakusolola nge mavu eji kujingulukanga kulikumbi, kaha vamuhulishile alumbunune vyuma ahehwojwele nakumushinjila alumune vishinganyeka vyenyi havyuma etavilile. * Oloze Aristotle ambile ngwenyi chinyingi chasayasi cheji kwalumukanga mwomwo yakuhehwojola. Kachi chawahile nge namachachi etavilile chuma kana.