Bible-a Chanchin Ṭha Ziakte I Rin Theih Chhan

“Chûng chu a lo hlawhtling ta hle a. Maktaduai tam tak sêngin film-te . . . lehkhabu hralh tla ber berte . . . an siam chhuah phah a ni. Kristian pâwl hrang hrangte chuan an lo pawm a. Sakhua leh rinhlelh kai ngaih dân chi hrang hrang a hring chhuak a ni.”—SUPER INTERESSANTE, BRAZILIAN CHANCHINBU.

CHUNG thilte ti tûra chêttîrtu chu eng nge ni? Chu chanchinbu chuan kum zabi 20-na laihâwl vêla Nag Hammadi khua leh Aigupta ram hmun dang aṭanga hmuh chhuah mite ngaihven hlawh leh thiltih innghahna ber chanchin ṭha ziakte, tirhkohte lehkha thawnte, leh thu puan bute anga an chhâl thil suak lâwr khâwmte chungchâng a sawina a ni. Hêngte leh hetiang chi thuziak dangte rêng rêng hi Gnostic emaw, Apocryphal emaw anga sawi a ni tlângpui ṭhîn. *

Phiarrûkna A Awm Em?

Mi nâwlpuiin Bible leh sakhaw pâwl ding nghette an rinhlelhna kan tûn lai hunah hian, Gnostic leh Apocryphal thuziakte chuan mi tam takte ngaihven a hlawh hle niin a lang. Hêng thuziakte hian mi tam takin Isua Krista zirtîrna leh Kristianna an thlîr dân chu a thunun nasa hle. Magazine pakhat chuan: “Chanchin Ṭha Thoma ziak leh apocryphal [thuziak] dangte chuan thlarau lam thil ngaihven si a, sakhua ring zo si lote thinlungah thu a sawi nasa hle a; chutiang mi chu kan tûn lai hunah hian an pung chho tual tual bawk,” tiin a sawi. Brazil ramah ringawt pawh hian “an thurin atâna Apocryphal thuziakte ṭanchhantu pâwl 30 lai a awm” nia chhût a ni.

Chûng thuziakte hmuh chhuahna chuan C.E. kum zabi palinaah Catholic Kohhranin Isua chungchâng thudik a khuh bo va, Apocryphal thuziak ṭhenkhata a chanchinte chu chhuah phal lovin, tûn lai Bible-a kan hmuh Chanchin Ṭha ziak palite pawh a khawih danglam a ni tih ngaih dân chu a theh lâr chho ta a  ni. Sakhaw chanchin zirna lama mi thiam Elaine Pagels-a chuan heti hian a sawi: “Tûnah hian Kristian kal phung anga kan sawi ṭhin Kristianna hian Krista chanchin ziakna lehkhabu kan hmuh theih tam tak zînga thlan chhuah lehkhabu tlêm tê chauh a ṭanchhan tih kan hre thiam ta,” tiin.

Pagels-a ang mi thiamte ngaih dânah chuan, Bible hi Kristian thurin lo chhuahna awmchhun a ni lo; Apocryphal thuziak ang chi thuziak dang tam tak a awm bawk a ni. Entîr nân, BBC program Bible Mysteries-a “Mari Magdalini Nihna Dik Tak” chungchâng sawinaah, Apocryphal thuziakte’n Mari Magdalini chu “zirtîr dangte zirtîrtu leh thlarau lama kaihruaitu a ni a. Ani chu zirtîr satliah mai a ni lo; tirhkohte tâna tirhkoh a ni,” tia a sawi thu târ lan a ni. Mari Magdalini nihna ni âwm taka sawi chungchângah, Juan Arias-a chuan Brazil rama chanchinbu O Estado de S. Paulo tihah chuan heti hian a ziak a ni: “Tûnah hian Isua lo din Kristianna chu a tîrah chuan a ‘hmeichhia’ hle tih ring lo thei kan ni ta lo; tualchhûng kohhran inkhâwmte chu hmeichhe ina neih a ni a, chutah chuan anni chu puithiam leh bishop-ahte nemngheh an ni si a,” tiin.

Mi tam tak tân chuan Apocryphal thuziakte chu Bible thuziakte aiin a rinawm zâwk hle a. Mahse, chu chuan zawhna pawimawh tak takte a chawk chhuak a ni: Apocryphal thuziakte chu Kristian rinna lo chhuahna a ni tak zet em? Chûng thuziakte leh Bible zirtîrna chiang takte a inkalh hunah chuan khawi nge kan rin zâwk ang—Bible nge Apocryphal lehkhabute? Chûng lehkhabute chu kum zabi palinaah chhuah phal lo tûr leh Isua te, Mari Magdalini te, leh mi dangte chanchin pawimawhte paih bo tûra Chanchin Ṭha ziak palite khawih danglam tûrin phiar rûkna a awm tak zet em? Hêng zawhnate chhâng tûr hian, Bible-a Chanchin Ṭha ziak pakhat, Johana ziak chu i lo bih chiang ang u.

Chanchin Ṭha Johana Ziak Aṭanga Finfiahna

Kum zabi 20-na ṭan tirh lam khân, Aigupta ramah Chanchin Ṭha Johana ziak a them hlu tak, tûna Papyrus Rylands 457 (P⁵²) tia hriat tâk chu hmuh chhuah a ni a. Chutah chuan tûn lai Bible-a Johana 18:31-33, 37, 38-a thute hi a chuang a, chu chu England ram Manchester-a John Rylands Library-ah kawl ṭhat a ni. Chu chu Kristian Grik Pathian Lehkha Thu kutziak them upa ber la awmchhun a ni a. Mi thiam tam tak chuan C.E. 125, tirhkoh Johana thih hnu kum 25 vêl leka ziak niin an hria a ni. A makna êm êm pakhat chu, chu kutziak lehkha them leh a hnu lama ziak kutziak lehkhate thuziak a inan deuh thlapna hi a ni a. Chutiang khawpa upa Chanchin Ṭha Johana ziak chu a them hmuh chhuah a nihna Aigupta ram thleng thlenga sem darh a lo nih tawhna chuan, Bible târ lan angin Chanchin Ṭha Johana ziak chu kum zabi khatnaa Johana ziak ngei a ni tih a nemnghet a ni. Chuvângin, Johana bu hi mit ngeia hmutu ziah a ni tih a chiang hle.

Kawng lehlamah chuan, Apocryphal thuziakte hi kum zabi hnihna, an thuziakte a thlen hnu kum za emaw, a aia tam emaw hnu lama ziak vek a ni. Mi thiam ṭhenkhat chuan Apocryphal thuziakte hi a hmaa ziak emaw, pi pute thuro chhiahte emaw ṭanchhana ziak a nih thu an sawi a; mahse, chutiang a ni ngei tih finfiahna a awm thei chuang lo. Chuvângin,  he zawhna inzawh hi a âwm hle, Mit ngeia hmutu thuziak i ring dâwn nge ni a, kum za a liam hnua thuziakte i ring zâwk dâwn? tih hi. A chhânna chu hriat sa a ni. *

A nih leh, Bible-a Chanchin Ṭha ziakte hi Isua nun chanchin ṭhenkhat ziak lan a nih loh nâna siam danglam anga sawi hi engtin nge? Entîr nân, Chanchin Ṭha Johana ziak hi kum zabi palinaah dik lo taka herh danglam a ni tih finfiahna a awm em? He zawhna chhâng tûr hian, tûn laia Bible kan neihte lehchhuahna ber chu Vatican 1209 tia kan hriat tâk kutziak thu, kum zabi palinaa mi a ni tih kan hriat a ngai a ni. Kan Bible neihah hian kum zabi palinaa tihdanglamte a tel a nih chuan, chûng chu, chu kutziak thu-ah chuan a lang ngei tûr a ni. Mahse, Bodmer 14, 15 (P⁷⁵), tia hriat Luka leh Johana ziakte chuanna kutziak thu C.E. 175 aṭanga C.E. 225 inkâr vêla ziak chu a awm leh ta hlauh mai a. Mi thiamte sawi dân chuan, chûng thuziakte chu Vatican 1209 thuziakte nên a inang hle a ni. Thu danga sawi chuan, Bible-a Chanchin Ṭha ziakte herh danglamna sawi tham a awm lo; chu chu Vitican 1209 hmangin kan finfiah thei, tihna a ni.

Kum zabi palinaah khân chanchin ṭha Johana ziak—leh Chanchin Ṭha ziak dangte—hi herh danglam a ni tih finfiahna tûr thuziak emaw, thil dang emaw a awm lo. Aigupta ram, Oxyrhynchus hmuna laih chhuah kutziak thu them hmuh theih zawng zawngte a belh chian hnuah, Cambridge University-a Dr. Peter M Head-a chuan heti hian a ziak a ni: “A tlângpui thuin, hêng kutziak thute hian tûn lai Bible lehlin nâna hman ber hmân lai kutziak thu pawimawh takte [kum zabi palina leh a hnu lama kutziak thu hawrawp puia ziakte] dikzia a nemnghet a ni. Hetah hian atîra pêk NT [Thuthlung Thar] thu hriat thiamna thar pe thei tûr thu thar engmah a awm lo,” tiin.

Eng Thu Tlûkna Nge Kan Siam Theih?

Chanchin Ṭha Ziak dik tak nia pawm pali—Matthaia, Marka, Luka, leh Johana—te hi Kristiante zîngah hian kum zabi pahnihna laihâwl vêl aṭang tawhin pawm tlân vek a ni. C.E. 160 leh 175 inkâra Tatian-a lehkhabu siam lâr tak, Diatessaron (Grik ṭawng chuan “palite kal tlangin” tihna) chu Chanchin Ṭha ziakte anga pawm palite chauh ṭanchhana ziak a ni a; Gnostic “box chanchin ṭhate” a tel miah lo a ni. (“ Chanchin Ṭha Ziakte Thlavâng Hauhna Hmasa Ber” tih bâwm chu en rawh.) C.E. kum zabi pahnihna tâwp lama Irenaeus-a ngaih dân târ lan pawh hi a chhinchhiah tlâk hle bawk. Ani chuan khawvêl hi hmun lia ṭhen a nih a, thli pawh hmun li aṭanga a rawn tleh avângin, Chanchin Ṭha pawh pali a awm ngei tûr niin a sawi a. A thil khaikhin dân chu âwihawm chiah lo mah se, a thusawi chuan chutih lai chuan Chanchin Ṭha dik tak nia pawm pali chauh a awm tih a thlâwp a ni.

Hêng thil zawng zawngte hian eng nge a târ lan? Chanchin Ṭha ziak palite pawh tiamin, tûn laia kan neih Kristian Grik Pathian Lehkha Thu hi kum zabi pahnihna aṭang khân a inthlâk mang meuh lo tih a târ lang a ni. Pathian thlarauva thâwk khum Pathian Lehkha Thu a eng lai mah hi kum zabi palina lai khân chhuah phal loh leh khawih danglam anga rin  nachhan tûr ṭanchhan rin tlâk tak a awm lo. Chu mi nêna inkalh takin, Bible lama mi thiam Bruce Metzger-a chuan: “Kum zabi hnihna tâwp lamah chuan . . . Mediterranean Tuipui chhehvêl rama awm kohhrante mai ni lovin, Britain aṭanga Mesopotamia ram thlenga darh kohhran chi hrang hrangte chu Thuthlung Thar zînga a tam zâwk chungchângah an inlungrual thlap a ni,” tiin a ziak zâwk mah a ni.

Tirhkoh Paula leh Petera te chuan Pathian Thu, thutak chu an thlâwp tlat a. An pahnih chuan an Kristian unaute chu zirtîrna an dawn bâk a dang engmah pawm lo va, ring hek lo tûrin an vaukhân tlat a ni. Entîr nân, Timothea hnênah, Paula chuan: “Aw Timothe, i hnêna kawltîra awm chu vawng ṭha rawh. Pathian zah lo lam thu sawi mai mai leh, dik lo taka ‘finna’ an vuah hnialna hi hawisan rawh. Chu chu ṭhenkhatten nei emaw intiin rinna kawng chu an kal kawisan ta,” tiin a ziak a. Petera pawhin: “Kan Lalpa Isua Krista thiltihtheihzia leh a lo kal lehna thu chu ka hriattîr lai che u khân, thawnthu fing taka ngaihtuah chhuah maite zâwm kan ni lo va, a ropuina hmutute kan ni zâwk asin,” a ti bawk.—1 Timothea 6:20, 21; 2 Petera 1:16.

Kum zabi tam tak kalta khân, zâwlnei Isaia chu: “Hlobet chu a vuai a, a pâr chu a chuai ṭhîn: kan Pathian thu erawh chu chatuanin a awm reng ang,” tia sawi tûra thâwk khum a ni a. (Isaia 40:8) Thlarauva Pathian Lehkha Thu Thianghlim thâwk khumtu chuan kum khuain a humhim bawk ang tih kan ring tlat thei a ni, “ani chuan mi zawng zawng chhandama awmah leh thutak hriaah a duh” si a.—1 Timothea 2:4. (w10-E 03/01)

[Footnote-te]

[Phêk 9-naa thu lâk chhuah]

C.E. kum zabi hnihnaa hmuh chhuah Chanchin Ṭha Johana ziak them, Papyrus Rylands 457 (P⁵²) chu a original ziah a nih hnu kum sâwmbi engemaw zât leka ziak a ni

[Phêk 11-naa bâwm/milemte]

 Chanchin Ṭha Ziakte Thlavâng Hauhna Hmasa Ber

Kristianna inṭan tirh lamah, mi thiamte chuan Chanchin Ṭha ziakte hi a inkalh a, chuvângin an thuziak chu rinchhan tlâk a ni lo an ti a ni. Suria mi ziaktu Tatian-a (C.E. 110-180 vêla mi) chuan Chanchin Ṭha ziakte thlavâng chu a lo hauh ta a. Ani chuan Chanchin Ṭha ziakte chu palia ṭhen lo va, pakhata thiam taka rem khâwm a nih chuan a inkalhna nia lang engpawh chu bo vek thei tûrah a ngai a ni.

Tatian-a chuan chutianga rem khâwmna hna chu a thawk ṭan a. Ani hi Grik mi a ni nge Suria mi tih chu hriat chian a ni lo. Engpawh ni se, C.E. 170 vêlah chuan a lehkhabu, Grik ṭawnga “palite kal tlangin” tihna, Diatessaron tia hriat chu a siam zo a ni. A nih leh, engvângin nge he thlarauva thâwk khum pawh ni lo lehkhabu hi i ngaihven ang?

Kum zabi 19-naah chuan, mi thiamte chuan Chanchin Ṭha ziak zawng zawngte hi C.E. kum zabi pahnihna laihâwl vêl hnu lama ziak a nih avângin, thilthleng chanchin lamah hlutna rêng a nei lo tih ngaih dân an theh lâr ṭan a. Mahse, hmân lai kutziak lehkhabu Diatessaron chu hmuh chhuah a ni a, chu chuan C.E. kum zabi pahnihna laihâwl vêlah chuan Chanchin Ṭha ziak palite chauh chu vântlâng hriat leh pawm a ni tih hnial rual lohvin a rawn târ lang ta a ni.

Kutziak lehkhabu Diatessaron leh Arabic te, Armenia te, Grik te, leh Latin ṭawngte hmanga a chungchâng hrilhfianna hmuh chhuahna chuan Bible lama mi thiam Sir Frederic Kenyon-a chu: “Hêngte hmuh chhuahna hian a tâwp a tâwpah chuan Diatessaron nihna chungchânga rinhlelhna engpawh chu a paih bo va; tin, A.D. 170 vêlah chuan Chanchin Ṭha ziak dik tak nia ngaih palite chu min Chhandamtu nun kawng chanchin ziakna dang zawng zawng aiin a lârin, a chungnung zâwk tih hnial rual a ni lo tih a târ lang bawk,” tia ziak tûrin a tur a ni.

[Milemte]

TATIAN-A

ARABIC ṬAWNGA DIATESSARON

[Phêk 8, 9-naa chart]

(A lan dân tûr dik tak hriat nân, a lehkhabu en rawh)

“c.” tih chu “circa,” a nih loh leh “vêl” tihna a ni

C.E. 33

Isua a thi

c. 41

Matthaia ziah hun

c. 58

Luka ziah hun

c. 65

Marka ziah hun

c. 98

Johana ziah hun

125

Rylands 457 (P52)

c. 140

Apocryphal thuziakte inṭanna

c. 175

Bodmer 14, 15 (P75)

Kum zabi 4-naa

Vatican 1209

[Phêk 10-naa milem]

Vatican 1209

Kum zabi palinaa mi kutziak thu, Vatican 1209 lem a chunga tih lan khian Chanchin Ṭha ziakte herh danglamna sawi tham a awm lo tih a târ lang

[Milem Hawhtîrtu]

From the book Bibliorum Sacrorum Graecus Codex Vaticanus, 1868

[Phêk 9-naa Milem Hawhtîrtu]

© The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin