Ubukwazi Yini?

KHALISA

Ubukwazi Yini?

Kuliqiniso yini ukuthi endulo umuntu wayengangena ensimini yomunye ahlanyele ukhula?

Ibhuku leli labhalwa ngo-1468 nguMbusi uJustinian futhi ngelinye lamabhuku elisitshela ngamacala ayethoniswa endulo

KUMATHEWU 13:24-26 uJesu wathi: “UMbuso wezulu unjengomuntu owahlanyela inhlanyelo enhle ensimini yakhe. Kodwa kwathi ngesikhathi wonke umuntu elele, isitha sakhe seza sahlanyela ukhula phakathi kwengqoloyi, sahamba. Kwathi ingqoloyi isikhahlele yabumba amazimba ukhula lalo lwavela.” Abanye abalobi abatshiyeneyo bayakwala ukuthi lokhu uJesu akutshoyo emzekelisweni lo kwakusenzakala sibili kudala. Kodwa izingwalo zasendulo zomthetho wamaRoma ziyakuveza ukuthi lokhu kwakusenzakala.

Esinye isichazamazwi seBhayibhili sithi: “Ukuhlanyela ukhula ensimini yomunye ukuze uphindisele . . . kwakulicala emthethweni wamaRoma. Khona nje ukuthi kwakulomthetho owawusenqabela isenzo lesi kutshengisa ukuthi abantu babekwenza lokhu.” Ingcitshi yezomthetho okuthiwa ngu-Alastair Kerr iveza ukuthi ngo-533 C.E., uMbusi weRoma uJustinian wabhala ibhuku lakhe elalifinqa umthetho wamaRoma njalo ecaphuna lamanye amazwi ayekhulunywa ngabatshutshisi ababephatha amacala ngeminyaka yabo-100 kusiya ku-250 C.E. Ebhukwini leli (Digest, 9.2.27.14) umlobi uveza ukuthi umtshutshisi u-Ulpian wakhuluma ngecala elake lathoniswa ngumbusi weRoma uCelsus ngekhulu lesibili. Icala lelo laliphathelane lomuntu owahlanyela ukhula ensimini yomunye futhi lokhu kwaphambanisa ukukhula kwengqoloyi. Ebhukwini leli kulandiswa lokho umthetho owawukutsho ukuze lowo owonelweyo athole inhlawulo yakhe kulowo owenze icala.

Ukuthi ukuganga lokhu kwakusenziwa endulo ngesikhathi soMbuso wamaRoma kuyibufakazi bokuthi lokhu uJesu akutshoyo emzekelisweni wakhe kwakuyinto eyayisenzakala sibili.

AmaRoma ayebanike amalungelo angakanani abakhokheli bamaJuda ababeseJudiya ngekhulu lokuqala?

NGALESOSIKHATHI iJudiya yayibuswa ngamaRoma futhi ayebeke ugavuna lebutho lakhe ukuze akhangele indawo le. Umsebenzi wakhe oqakathekileyo wawungowokuqoqa imithelo kanye lokulondoloza ukuthula lokuhleleka. AmaRoma ayengavumeli ukuthi kwenziwe izinto ezingekho emthethweni njalo ayebajezisa abantu ababesephula umthetho. Kodwa ayengazingeneli izindaba eziphathelane lokuphila kwansuku zonke esabelweni lesi, ayezitshiyela abakhokheli bamaJuda.

Kuthonisiswa icala eSanihedrini yamaJuda

ISanihedrini yayingumthethwandaba omkhulu wamaJuda njalo yayilugatsha olwaluqondisa zonke izinto eziphathelane lomthetho wabo. Kanti njalo kwakulemithethwandaba emincane eyayitholakala ezindaweni ezinengi eJudiya. Imithethwandaba le yayiphiwe ilungelo lokuthonisa amacala ayesenzakala emphakathini futhi amaRoma ayengangeneli kulokhu. Kodwa nxa kwakumele isigilamkhuba sijeziswe ngokubulawa, amaJuda ayengaliphiwanga ilungelo lokwenza njalo. Lo kwakungumsebenzi amaRoma ayezenzela wona. Kodwa kulendaba eyodwa eyaziwayo lapho amalunga eSanihedrini athonisisa khona uStefane asekhipha isigwebo sokuthi akhandwe ngamatshe aze afe.—ImiSeb. 6:8-15; 7:54-60.

ISanihedrini yamaJuda yayiphiwe inkululeko ethe xaxa sibili. Loba kunjalo isifundiswa okuthiwa ngu-Emil Schürer sathi: “AmaRoma ayengakhetha ukuthonisisa loba yiliphi icala futhi ayengakwenza loba ngasiphi isikhathi lokhu, ikakhulu nxa kwakulokuthile okwakungabangela ingxabangxoza embusweni.” Esinye isibonelo esikutshengisayo lokhu ngesikaKlawudiya Lisiya owayengumlawuli wamabutho amaRoma owavikela umphostoli uPhawuli isizalwane seRoma kumaJuda ayefuna ukumhlasela.—ImiSeb. 23:26-30.