1919—Zana ro Makore
Mu gore ro 1919 hondo huru (yakazodanijwa kuti Hondo yo Kutanga yo Nyika Yese) yainga yapera. Kumbhiri ko gore ro 1918, pasure po makore marongomuna o joweyowe, nyika zinji jakaregera zvo kuhwisana. Mu njiku gumi na sere yo mweji wa Janeiro wo gore ro 1919, vakaungana pa Musongano wo Runyararo hwo ku Parijhi. Pa musongano uwu, pakaithwa Citenderano co ku Vesalhe. Icona cainga co kupeja hondo yaiithwa ngo nyika jainga jakabatana pamwepo jecihwisana no Aremanya. Citenderano ici cakasainwa mu njiku makumaviri na sere yo mweji wa Junho wo gore ro 1919.
Citenderano ici cakabara cisungo cimweni cinodanijwa kuti Liga das Nações (Mubatanijwa wo Majinja). Cisungo ici caida “kukhwijirija mushandira pamwe wo pasi pese no kuwana runyararo pomwe no rugarisiko pasi pese.” Zviyara zvizinji zvo Cikristu, zvakabeseravo Liga das Nações iyi. Conselho Federal das Igrejas de Cristo na América (Cikwata cinoita zvisungo zvo magerejha a Kristu ku Amerika), cakadanija Liga das Nações kuti yainga “mavereketero o zvomatongehwe o nyika o Umambo hwa Mwari Pasi Pano.” Kuti ivonese kudakarira kuumbhwa ko Liga das Nações, Conselho Federal yakatumira vaimiriri kuti vaende ku Musongano wo Runyararo hwo ku Parijhi. Umwe wavo wakananga kuti musongano uwu “wakatanga divi ibza ro zviitiko zvo nyika.”
Divi ibza iri rainga recitotangadi kamare. Irona aricaitangepi ngo pamusoro pa vaya vakaendaya ku musongano wo runyararo. Gore ro 1919, rakatangavo divi ibza ro basa ro kucumaera. Jehovha wakavangisa vandhu vake kuti vaende kocumaera ngo njira yavacizivi kumboitazve. Asi cokutanga, paidikana kuithwa cinjo inosisira maningi ku Vajiji vo Bhaibheri.
CIVARINGO CINONESA
Joseph F. Rutherford
Rusanano hwo gore ngo gore hwo vatungamiriri vo Sociedade Torre de Vigia de Bíblias e Tratados, hwainga hwakarongwa kuti huithwe ngo musabudu mu njiku yocirongomuna ya Janeiro yo gore ro 1919. Mu gore iri, hama Joseph Rutherford, ndivona vaitungamirira vandhu va Jehovha. Cineso cakava co kuti, ivona no hama jimweni nomwe jainga jafungihwa mukaraboso ku Atlanta, Georgia, Estadhus Unidhus dha Amerika. Muvhunjo wakavepo nga uwu, kureva kuti hama jaingaya jafungihwa, jaidikana usanwa here? Kana kuti zvaidikana kufakeiwa here?
Evander J. Coward
Hama Rutherford, povainga vakafungihwa, ivona vaineseka maningi ngo pamusoro po sangano. Ivona vaizviziva kuti hama jaivona kuti zviri nane kusana mundhu umweni kuti ave mutungamiri. Ngokudaro, vainga vapera kutara karata ku vaya vaizova pa musongano uwu zve vakakonokeja kuti hama Evander J. Coward vave mutungamiriri mupsa. Pa karata iyi, hama Rutherford vakananga kuti hama Evander vainga “vakathiva,” “vakangwara” zve “vaivangisira maningi mu basa ra Tenji.” Asi hama zinji, jakavona kuti zvainga nane kuita musongano uwu, mweji mutandhatu jaizotevera. Vaimiriri vo hama iji, vakatenderana nazvo. Povaipsaka zvokuita, vamweni vakaguma pakunyangajwa.
Richard H. Barber
Mukuzwirana na hama Richard Barber, pakaitika zviro zvakabesera kucinja mugariro uwu. Hama imwe yainga pa musongano uwu, yakati: “Andiripi muimiriri, asi tikada kubhuya ngo zvo mutemo, ndinoziva zvinonanga mutemo ngo pamusoro po vagondeki. Mwari anoda kugondeka. Njira yakanakisisa yo kukhombija kugondeka kwedu kuna Mwari, ngo yo kuita musongano zve togajazve Hama Rutherford inga mutungamiriri.”—Nduyo 18:26.
Alexander H. Macmillan
Hama Alexander Macmillan, avo vainga vakafungihwa na hama Rutherford, vakasumura zvakaitika mangwana fumi pakupera rusanano uwu. Hama Rutherford vakaguguja biravira ro kwaratu yavo, vonanga kudari: “Ashirai.” Hama Rutherford vakapekeja karata hama Macmillan. Hama Macmillan vakavona masoko aingaro pa karata iyana, ngo kukasika vakabata zvaidaro kunangwa. Masoko ayo ainanga kudari: “RUTHERFORD WISE VAN BARBER ANDERSON BULLY AND SPILL DIRECTOR FIRST THREE OFFICERS LOVE TO ALL.” Masoko aya aida kureva kuti vatungamiriri vese vaingaya vakasanwa, hama Joseph Rutherford, na William Van Amburgh vaizoenderera mberi vecitungamirira. Ngokudaro, hama Rutherford vainga vacada kuenderera mberi vari mutungamiriri.
KUSUJUNUHWA!
Hama sere pajainga jiciri mu karaboso, vajiji vakagondeka vo Bhaibheri, vakasunga kusaina karata yaikumbira kuti vaingaya mu karaboso vabudiswe. Zvaida kucunga kukumbira mundhu aciripi Mujiji wo Bhaibheri kuti asaine. Asi hama jedu jakakwanisa kukumbira mazana manomwe o zviuru. Asi ngo mucitatu mu njiku makumaviri na tandhatu, mu gore ro 1919, vacito vakatumira karata iyani, hama Rutherford no hama jimweni, vakabudiswa mu karaboso.
Pa kupera kuashihwa, hama Rutherford vakaita hurukuro. Ivona vakati: ‘Ndinokhohwa kuti zvese zvakaitikari zvaitinasirira kuti tikwanise kunyisa pa mukuvo unonesa maningi kumbejiyo. Zvamakaita azvizivi kushanda basi kuti zvibudise hama jenyu mukaraboso. Izvona zvakabesera kuti zvipekeje ucapupu hwo Cokwadi, zve vayani vakabesera kuvangisira uku, vakaashira makomborero anoshamaisa.’
Shwiro yo kutongwa ko hama jedu yakavonesa kuti Jehovha kangaije wainga eciitungamirira. Mu njiku gumi na rongomuna yo mweji wa Maio yo gore ro 1919, banje ro kutonga ngapapsa rakananga kudari: ‘Vandhu vakapumbhwari pa shwiro iyi, vakashaisha kutongwa. Ngokudaro, zvavainga vatemehwa zvakacinjwa.’ Hama jainga jakapumbhwa ndhango yakakura maningi. Kudari zvavaingaro vakatongehwa nozvakapunguhwa padoko, kana novakaregerehwa, ndhango javaipumbhwari jaizogara jiri mufisha javo. Asi zvavakatongehwaro zvakapfujuhwa kamare, apanazve ndhango imweni yakamuswa. Ngokudaro, hama Rutherford, Mutongi, avazivi kuruza uzivi hwavo hwo kutonga. Pavakabudiswa, vakajivirira maningi vandhu va Jehovha mu Banje Guru ro ku Estadhus Unidhus.
VAKATEMA CIVARINGO CO KUCUMAERA
Hama Macmillan vakananga kuti: “Itusu aticaizogarirepi nyara, tecivetera kuti mambo aviye kuzotitora kwenda kumatenga. Taidikana kuita ciri cese kuti tinase kuziva kamare zvaida Mambo.”
Asi hama jainga ku Bheteri jainga jicina manera o kutangazve basa rajaiita kuvhira kare. Ngenyi? Ngokuti hama sere pajainga mu karaboso, zvese zvaishandiswaya kuti vadhindhe mabhuku, zvakapera kuphwanyiwa. Izvi zvakavavoja mwoyo, zvokuti hama jimweni jaitorangarira kuti dengani basa ro kucumaera rainga ratoguma kumbhiri.
Kureva kuti kwainga no vandhu vaitopurutana masoko aicumaehwa ngo Vajiji vo Bhaibheri here? Kuti tiwane mupinguro, hama Rutherford vakasunga kuita hurukuro. Vandhu vese vaidikana kukokwa. Hama Macmillian vakananga kuti: “Kudari pakatama kuviya ari wese, basa ro kucumaera raguma kumbhiri.”
Jhoronari ino ciziviso co hurukuro yaizoithwa ndi hama Rutherford yainga no musoro unoti: “Vetero ku vandhu vakasuruvara” ku Rozanjere, Carifornia, mu gore ro 1919
Hurukuro yakanangwa kuti iithwe ngo Mudimingu, njiku yo cirongomuna ya Maio yo 1919. Mu njiku iyi, hama Rutherford vainga vecihwaja maningi. Asi ivona vakaita hurukuro yainga no musoro unoti: “Vetero ku vandhu vakasuruvara.” Hurukuro iyi yakaitihwa ku Rozanjere, Carifornia. Pakaviya vandhu vaikhwedera kuita zviuru zvitatu na mazana mashanu, zve mazana no mazana avazivi kunghwina ngo kutama ndau. Mu njiku yakatevera, mutengo unopindirija ciuru na mazana mashanu vakapurutanavo hurukuro iyi. Ndipona pavakawana mupinguro wavaingaya vecipsaka; hina, vainga vaciriyo vandhu vaidakarira!
Zviro zvakazoithwa ngo hama, zvakabesera basa ro kucumaera ro Zvapupu zva Jehohva mbhera nyamasi.
KUNASIRIRA KUTI VARAMBE VECIKURA
Murindiri wo 1 wa Agosto wo gore ro 1919, mu cingezi, wakazivisa kuti gungano guru raizotanga mu mweji wa Setembro ku Sedhari Point, Ohiyo. Mufana umweni wainga Mujiji wo Bhaibheri ku Missouri, waidaninjwa kuti Krarense Bheaty, wakananga kudari: “Vandhu vese vakavona kuti vanodikana kwendavo ku gungano.” Hama no hambzaji jinopindirija zviuru zvitandhatu, vakaenda kugungano iri. Ivona avacaiveterepi vandhu vakawandisa kudari. Cakaitisa kuti mukuvo uwu uve unoshamaisa maningi ngo co kubhabhatijwa ko mutengo unopindirija mazana maviri (200), pa gandhwa ro Eriye, rainga riri phedopo.
Kapa yo revhista yo kutanga yo The Golden Age, yo 1 ya Outubro wo 1919
Mu njiku yo cishanu yo mweji wa Setembro wo 1919, njiku yo cishanu yo gungano, hama Rutherford vakaita hurukuro yainga no musoro unoti: “Kuzivisa vabeseri.” Pa hurukuro iyi, ivona vakazivisa revhista imbza, yaidanijwa kuti The Golden Age (A Idade de Ouro). * Cidisiso co revhista iyi cainga co “kuviisa masoko mapsa anosisira, yecidurujira ngo Bhaibheri mathangwe anoitisa kuti zviitiko zvikuru izvi zviitike.”
Vajiji vese vo Bhaibheri vakavangiswa kuti vacumaere no cicunge vecishandisa Revhista imbza. Karata yaipekeja ndhungamiriro jo kuronga basa yakananga kuti: “Mundhu wese wakabhabhatijwa anodikana kurangarira makomborero aanawo o kushandira, zve ashandise mukana uri wese waanawo wo kubatanavo mu basa guru ro kucumaera.” Vandhu vazinji vakatendera mukoka uwu. Mu mweji wa Dezembro, vacumaeri vo Umambo vayani vaivangisiraya vainga vaano mutengo unopindirija makumashanu o zviuru zvo marevhista akakumbihwa.
Hama jiri ku Brooklyn, Novha Yorki, no karu yakathwara marevhista o The Golden Age
Pa kupera ko 1919, vandhu va Jehovha vainga vanasirihwazve no kuvangiswa. Kunja kwa izvi, zviporofita zvizinji ngo pamusoro po njiku jo kupejisira zvainga zvakwanirisika. Muejo no kusefwa ko vandhu va Mwari kwakanangwa mu bhuku ra Malakia 3:1-4 kwainga kwapera, ivona vainga vasujunuhwa kuvha ku “Babilónia guru” zve Jesu wainga wapera kugaja “muranda wakagondeka no wakangwara.” * (Apokalipsi 18:2, 4; Mateu 24:45) Wari, vajiji vo Bhaibheri vainga vanasirika kuti vaite basa ro vaizopuwa ndi Jehovha.
^ ndim. 22 Mu gore ro 1937 The Golden Age yakacijwa zina yodanijwa kuti Consolation (Consolação, mu Ciputukezi, mu gore ro 1938). Mu Gore ro 1946, rakazodanijwa kuti Awake! (Mukai! mu Cishona, mu gore ro 1988.)
^ ndim. 24 Vonanyi Murindiri, wa 15 Julho wo 2013, mapheji 10-12, 21-23; Março wo 2016, mapheji 29-31, mu Cishona.
