Jehovha, Mwari Anobhuya
“Ndizwenyi, ndinoda kuvereketa.”—JOBE 42:4.
NDUMBO: 113, 114
1-3. (a) Ngenyi ndumi no mabhuire a Mwari akakhwirira maningi kupinda o vandhu? (b) Zvicinyi zvatinozojija pa musoro uno?
MWARI wokwenda no kwenda wakarura zvisikwa zvino hwiru, wozvipekeja upenyu no mudakaro. (Ndu. 36:9; 1 Tim. 1:11) Mupostori Johani wakadanija mudoni wo kutanga wa Mwari kuva “Izwi” kana kuti Soko zve wakadanijazve kuva “wokutanga wo bziro bzakaruhwa ndi Mwari.” (Jo. 1:1; Ap. 3:14) Jehovha Mwari wakabhuira kuno Mwana wake wo dangwe murangariro no mazwiro ake. (Jo. 1:14, 17; Kol. 1:15) Mupostori Pauro wakananga ngo pamusoro po ‘ndimi jo ngirozi,’ awo ari mavereketero o mugore akakhwirira kupinda mavereketero o vandhu.—1 Kor. 13:1.
2 Jehovha anonasa kuziva mabhirioni o zvisikwa zvake zvino hwiru, zvo mudenga no zvo pasi pano. Pa nguva iri yese, mutengo ucikaverengeki wo vandhu vangaita mukumbiro kwaari mu ndumi zinji. Iyena aadaviri basi mukumbiro jondhojo asi pa nguva imweyo, anopa ndhungamiro zve anobhuya no zvisikwa zvake zvo kumujimu. Anokwanisa kuita zvese izvi ngo kuti murangariro jake, ndumi yake pomwe no mabhuire ake zvakakhwirira maningi kupinda zvo vandhu. (Verenganyi Isaia 55:8, 9.) Zvakajeka kuti, Jehovha paanobhuya no vandhu iyena anoshandisa maitiro akareruka kuti avonese murangariro jake kuitira kuti vandhu vakwanise kujizwisisa.
3 Ticada kujija ngo pamusoro po kuti Mwari uwu wo uzivi hwese wakaitisa kudini mudanyu kuti ave no gwinyiso ro kuti zvaanonanga zvijeke kuno vandhu vake. Tinozojijavo kuti iyena.anocinjisa kudini mabhuire, mukuzwirana no zvinodiwa zve no magariro wo vandhu.
SOKO RA MWARI KUNO VANDHU
4. (a) Jehovha wakashandisa ndumi yapi kuti abhuye na Mosi, Sameri pomwe na Dhavhidhi? (b) Zvicinyi zvatinowana mu Bhabheri?
4 Jehovha waibhuya na Adhamu mu munda wo Edheni, ecishandisa ndumi yo vandhu. Mukufananavo, kareko Mwari wakabhuya no vandhu ecishandisa ndumi yo ciHebheru. Mukufamba ko nguva iyena wakaita kuti murangariro jake jizivike ngo vatari vo Bhaibheri vaivereketa ciHebheru, vakadari inga Mosi, Sameri na Dhavhidhi zve ivona vakakhombija murangariro ja Mwari ngo magama avo zve matariro avo kamare. Kusiapo kutara magama aibva kamare kuna Mwari, ivona vakakhombija murangariro jake ngo kunanga ngo pamusoro po mabatire aakaita no vandhu vake, vakataravo ngo pamusoro po gonda ravo pomwe no rudo hwavo, votaravo ngo pamusoro po vaya vakashaisha zve vakakhombija kutama gonda. Masoko ese aya anosisira maningi nyamasi uno.—Rom. 15:4.
5. Jehovha wakavangirira pa kuda kuti vandhu vake vashandise basi ciHebheru here?
5 Mugariro pawakacinja, Jehovha aazivi kundoramba ecishandisa ciHebheri basi kuti abhuye no vandhu. Vandhu va Mwari novabva ku Bhabhironi, ciAramaiko cakaguma pa kuva ndumi yavaishandisa njiku ngo njiku. Kangaije mukuda kuvonesa zvo kumbeji, Jehovha wakafemera muphorofita Danyeri, muphorofita Jeremia pomwe no mupiri Ezura kuti vatare amwe mativi o mabhuku o maBhaibheri avo ngo ciAramaiko. *
6. Soko ra Mwari rakaguma kudini pa kuwanika mu ndumi jimweni jicikaripi ciHebheru?
6 Pa kufamba ko nguva, Arishandre Mukuru wakakwanisa kunyisa nyika zinji, ngo iyo ndava ciKoine kana ciGiriki caivereketwa ngo vazinji, cakazova ndumi yaishandiswa mu nyika zinji. VaJudha vazinji vakatanga kucivereketavo, zve izvo zvakaita kuti Matahwa o ciHebheru asandujwe kwenda mu ciGiriki. Sandujo yondhoyo, iyo inorangarihwa kuti kangaije yakaitwa ngo vasanduji vanokwana kuita 72, yakazoguma pa kudanijwa kuti Septuajhinta. Yakava sandujo yo kutanga yo Bhaibheri zve ndi imwe yo jinosisira maningi. * Ngo ndava yo kusandujwa ngo vandhu vazinji izvo zvakaita kuti pave no masandujiro akasiyana-siyana, aibatanija kusanduja gama ngo gama zve kusanduja revo o zvakatahwa. Azvinenyi hazvo, Septuajhinta yaivoniwa inga Soko ra Mwari ngo vaJudha vaivereketa ciGiriki zve pa kufamba ko nguva yakavoniwa kudaro ngo vaKristu.
7. Jesu wakashandisavo ndumi japi kuti ajijise vajiji vake?
7 Mwana wo dangwe wa Mwari paakaviya pasi pano, wakananga zve wakajijisa zvinodanijwa ngo Bhaibheri kuva ciHebheru. (Jo. 19:20; 20:16; Mait. 26:14) CiHebheru co mu zana ro kutanga ro makore caikwevererana no ciAramaiko, ngo kudaro Jesu kangaije wakashandisavo amwe magama o ciAramaiko. Asi, iyena waizivavo kuvereketa ciHebheru caivereketwa ndi Mosi no vaphorofita, ico caiverengwa bviki ngo bviki mu masinagoga. (Lc. 4:17-19; 24:44, 45; Mait. 15:21) Cimwenizve ngo cokuti ndumi jo ciGiriki no ciRatini jaivereketwa ku Iziraeri. Matahwa aanangi kuti Jesu waivereketavo ndumi iji kana kuti haiwa.
8, 9. CiKristu pacainga ceciparajika, ngenyi ciGiriki cakava ndumi yo kutanga kushandiswa pakati po vandhu va Mwari?
Maitiro o Vapostori 6:1.) CiKristu pacainga ceciparajika, ndumi yaivereketwa maningi pakati po maKristu yainga yo ciGiriki. Zvokadi, maVhangeri a Mateu, Marko, Ruka na Johani, awo ano masoko akafemehwa anobhuya ngo pamusoro po jijiso no zviito zva Jesu, aiparajihwa maningi ngo ciGiriki. Ngo kudaro ndumi yaishandiswa ngo vajiji vazinji yainga yo ciGiriki haiwa ciHebheru. * Karata jo mupostori Pauro pomwe no mabhuku amweni akafemehwa zvaiparajihwavo mu ndumi yo ciGiriki.
8 Vateveri vokutanga va Jesu vaiciziva ciHebheru, asi pasure po kufa kwake vajiji vake vakavereketa ndumi jimweni. (Verenganyi9 Zviri pambhene ngo zvokuti vatari vo Matahwa o ciKristu o ciGiriki pavainokora Matahwa o ciHebheru, ivona vaizviita kazinji kubvira mu Septuajhinta. Masoko ainokohwaro, okuti nguva jimweni aisiyana padoko no matarihwe o ciHebheru, nyamasi uno ari kutora rutivi mu Matahwa akafemehwa. Ngo kudaro, zvakasandujwa ngo vandhu vacikazivi kukwana zvakaguma pakuva divi ro Soko rakafamehwa ra Mwari; Mwari wiana acikadakariri vandhu vo mugariro umwe basi kana ndumi imwe basi wosiya vamweni.—Verenganyi Maitiro o Vapostori 10:34.
10. Zvicinyi zvatingananga ngo kuziva kuti Jehovha wakatendera kuti Soko rake riwanike kuno vandhu?
10 Zvatajijari ngo kukasika ngo pamusoro po mabhuire a Mwari no vandhu zvinotijijisa kuti Jehovha anobhuya no vandhu mukuzwirana no zvinodiwa zvavo pomwe no magariro avo. Iyena aativangiriji kuti tijije ndumi yakatikuti, yatinozoshandisa kuti timuzive kana kuti tizive cidisiso cake. (Verenganyi Zakaria 8:23; Apokalipsi 7:9, 10.) Jehovha wakapangira kuti Bhaibheri rifemehwe, asi wakatendera kuti riwanike mu matarihwe akasiyana-siyana.
KUNGWARIHWA KO SOKO RA MWARI
11. Ngenyi kusiyana ko ndumi akuzivi kuita kuti Mwari akonehwe kubhuya no vandhu?
11 Kureva kuti kubhuya ka Mwari no vandhu kwakashaishika ngo ndava yo kuti kwakashandiswa ndumi jakasiyana-siyana zve masandujiro akasiyana-siyana here? Haiwa. Inga muezaniso, itusu tingaziva magama mashoma basi o ndumi yo kare yakashandisa Jesu. (Mt. 27:46; Mc. 5:41; 7:34; 14:36) Asi Jehovha wakava no gwinyiso ro kuti masoko akananga Jesu asandujwe mu ciGiriki zve pa kufamba ko nguva, asandujwevo mu ndumi jimweni. Perepo, matahwa okutanga kamare o Bhaibheri, akakhophwa nokundokhophwa ngo vaJudha no vaKristu, izvo zvakaita kuti matahwa akacena ave akangwaririka. Iwona aisandujwa kwenda mu ndumi jakawanda. Johani Krizostomo wo muzana ro makore ro cirongomuna no ro cishanu N.V.Y. wakananga kuti mu nguva yake iyena, jijiso ja Jesu jakasandujwa mu ndumi yo vaSiriya, vaEjipita, vaIndia, vaPersita, vaEtiopia, zve vandhu vamweni vakawanda.
12. Kutokoteswa ko Bhaibheri kwakahwiswa zvakadini?
12 Kuwanika ko Bhaibheri mu ndumi jakawanda kwakaita kuti kuvangisira ko vandhu vaida kuriparaja kutame kushanda; umwe wavo wakava Mutongi Dhiocrani wo ku Roma, uwo wakapa mutemo kuti makhopi ese o Matahwa aparajwe mu gore ro 303 N.V.Y. Bvaza jakahwiswa Soko ra Mwari no vaya vairisanduja no kurikovanisa, ajiverengeki. Mu zana ro 16, William Tyndale, wakatanga kusanduja Bhaibheri kubva mu ciGiriki no ciHebheru kwenda mu Cingezi, ecibvunja umwe mwanarume umweni wakajija maningi, iyena wakati: “Kudari Mwari angwarira upenyu hwangu, ndinozoita kuti pacito pakhirira makore akawanda mujaha anofambisa sharuwa azive maningi matahwa kupinda iwewe.” Tyndale wakazotiza kubva ku Ingaratera kwenda Europa koosanduja no kudhinda sandujo yake. Pikija no fafanya yakaizwa ngo vatungamiriri vo zviara yo kupisa pambhene maBhabheri ese o vaiwana, sandujo yake yakaramba yecishandiswa maningi. Pa kupejisira, Tyndale wakazocengejwa, wokakwa no kupiswa pa zimuti. Asi sandujo yake yo Bhaibheri yakaramba iripo. Iyo yaisotwavo maningi painga pecinasirihwa sandujo yo Bhaibheri yaizwi King James version, iyo yakazoshandiswa mu ndau jakawanda.—Verenganyi13. Kujijwa ko matahwa o Bhaibheri o kare kwakakhombijenyi?
13 I zvokadi kuti, makhopi amweni o Bhaibheri akasaraya ano zviro zvimweni zvakasiyana. Asi, zvidimbu zvizinji, matahwa amweni o kare pomwe no sandujo jimweni jo kare zvakaezaniswa no kunasa kujijwa ngo vamweni vajiji. Kujija kondhoko kwakaita kuti mativi mazinji o mu Bhaibheri amusijihwe. Mavhesi mashoma acikazivi kuzivikanwa zvaaida kunanga aazivi kucinja zvinoda kureva Bhaibheri rese. Kujija matahwa okare kwakaita kuti vanojija ngo mwoyo wese vazive kuti itusu tino zvakafemera Jehovha vatari vo Bhaibheri kuti vatare.—Is. 40:8. *
14. Bhaibheri riri kuwanika zvakadini?
14 Pikija no kuvangisira ko vavengi, Jehovha wakaita kuti Soko rake rive bhuku rinosandujwa maningi kupinda rimweni riri rese. Pikija mu nguva ino yo kuti vandhu vazinji vano gonda kuna Mwari, Bhaibheri riri kuramba recitengeswa maningi zve ricikanesi kuwanika; divi raro kana kuti ramutero riri kuwanika mu ndumi jinokhwedera kuita 2.700. Akunazve bhuku rimweni rinokhwedererana no Bhaibheri pa kukovaniswa no kutama kunesa kuwanika. Sandujo jimweni jo Bhaibheri ajizivi kunasa kujeka kana kuti ajizivi kuthembeka kupinda amweni. Pikija zvakadaro, mu sandujo jinokhwedera kuita jese zvinokwanisika kujijira ngo pamusoro po vetero no rusujunuko.
KUDIKANA KO SANDUJO IMBZA YO BHAIBHERI
15. (a) Ngenyi kusiyana-siyana ko ndumi akuripi kuva ciphingo nyamasi uno? (b) Ndumi yo Cingezi iri kuvonesa kudini kuva inoshanda kuitira kutokotesa cokuha co kumujimu?
15 Pakutanga kamare ko zana ro makore raperari, cikwata cidoko co vajiji vo Bhaibheri nocagajwa inga “muranda wakagondeka no Mt. 24:45) “Muranda” uwu ari kuvangisira maningi kuti cokuha co kumujimu ciwanike mu ndumi zinji; zve cokuha ici, wari ciri kuwanika mu ndumi jinodarika 700. Mukufanana no ciKoine co ciGiriki co mu zana ro kutanga ro makore, Cingezi ciri kushanda inga ndumi inoshanda inga cine pa kusanduja ngo kuti ngo iri kushandiswa maningi pa zvokutengeserana pomwe no mu zvijijo.
wakangwara,” caishandisa maningi Cingezi kuitira kubhuya no “varanda vese.” (16, 17. (a) Cicinyi caidiwa kuno vandhu va Mwari? (b) Dikano yondhoyo yakakwaniriswa kudini? (c) I vetero yapi yakanangwa mu gore ro 1950 ngo pamusoro po Shanduro yeNyika Itsva?
16 Cine guru ro co cokuha co kumujimu i Bhaibheri. Pakati po zana ro 20 ro makore, sandujo yo King James Version yo 1611 ndiyona yainga Bhaibheri ro Cingezi raishandiswa mu ndau zinji. Asi, irona raishandisa mavereketero o kare. Zve zina ra Mwari raiwanika kashoma kuveni mu matahwa o kare o Bhaibheri irona rinowanikemo kanokwana zviuru no zviuru. Sandujo iyi yainga no zvimweni zvakaposa kutahwa no vhesi jimweni jicikawaniki mu matahwa o kare. Ngo divi rimweni sandujo jimweni jo Bhaibheri jo Cingezi jaingavo no zvainga zvakaposeka.
17 Kwaidiwa Bhaibheri rinopa masoko o mu matahwa o kutanga ngo maitiro akarungama zve ngo mavereketero o njiku jino. Zvikwata co Kusanduja Shanduro yeNyika Itsva zve nopapera makore gumi, kubvira 1950 mbhera 1960, sandujo yavo yakabudiswa mu mavhurume anokwana kuita matandhatu. Pakabudiswa vhurume ro kutanga pa njiku yo 2, Katutu yo 1950, Hama N. H. Knorr vakabvunja vapurutani vainga pa rimwe gungano kudari: “Dikano yo kuva no sandujo ino mavereketero o mu nguva ino, mukuzwirana no cokwadi cakavoneswa, yecitipa cinyuke co kuti tiengejere cokwadi ngo kuvonesa revo yo matahwa o kutanga ngo maitiro akagondeka; sandujo inodikana kureruka kuzwisisa kuno vaverengi vo mazuva ano inga mazikire aiita matahwa o vajiji va Kristu kuno vaverengi vacina zvizinji, varombo, vacikazivi zvizinji vo mu nguva yavo.” Hama N. H. Knorr vakavonesa kuva no vetero yo kuti sandujo yondhoyo yaizoparajira besero yo kumujimu kuno zviuru zvo vandhu.
18. Cisungo capi cakaitisa kuti kusandujwa ko Bhaibheri kukasikire?
18 Vetero yondhoyo yakakwanirisika ngo maitiro acikakanganiki mu gore ro 1963, apo Shanduro Yenyika Itsva yeMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki yakabudiswa mu ndumi ndhandhatu —mu ciHoranda, ciFransa, ciAremanya, ciiTaria, Ciputukezi zve Cipanyora. Mu gore ro 1989 Mukhumbi Unotonga wo Zvapupu zva Jehovha wakagaja rimwe bauhwa ro kubesera kusandujwa ko Bhabheri ku cine ro pasi pese. Perepo, mu gore ro 2005 Bhaibheri rakatanga kusandujwa mu ndumi jinosandujwa revhista ino. Inga muviyo, Shanduro Yenyika Itsva, iri kuwanika mu ndumi jinokhwedera kuita 130.
19. Ciitiko capi cicikakanganiki cakaitika mu gore ro 2013, zve zvicinyi zvinozobhuiwa pa musoro unotevera?
19 Pa kufamba ko nguva, zvakazovoneka kuti Shanduro yeNyika Itsva mu Cingezi, yaidikana kunasirihwazve kuti izwirane no kucinja kuri kuita ndumi yo cingezi. Mu kupera ko bviki, mu njiku 5 zve 6 ya Gumi-Guru ro gore ro 2013, vapurutani vaikwana kuita 1,413,676, vamweni vaiita ngo kuzwa vecishandisa mucini, vo nyika jaikwana kuita 31, vakazwa musongano wo gore ngo gore wo Sociedade Torre de Vigia de Bíblias e Tratado de Pensilvânia. Vese vakadakajihwa ngo kuzwa umwe wo Mukhumbi Unotonga ecizivisa kubudiswa ko Shanduro yeNyika Itsva mu Cingezi yakanasirihwazve. Vazinji vakambhweja musoji, varindiri pavainga vecidarika no ma Bhaibheri akanasirihwazve. Vhesi pajainga jeciverengwa kubva mu matahwa akanasirihwazve, vapurutani vaifumbhura kuti sandujo yo Soko ra Mwari yainga yanakisisa kupinda kareko. Musoro unotevera ucabhuya zvizinji ngo pamusoro po kunasirihwazve ko sandujo yondhoyo, pomwe no kusandujwa kwayo mu ndumi jimweni.
^ ndim. 5 Ezra 4:8–6:18, 7:12-26; Jeremia 10:11 na Danieli 2:4b–7:28 yakatanga kutahwa ngo ciAramaiko.
^ ndim. 6 Septuajhinta zvinoreva “Makumanomwe.” Zvinonangwa kuti sandujo iyi yakatangwa kuitwa ku Ejipita mu zana ro citatu ro makore N.V.I.Y. zve kangaije yakapejwa muna 150 N.V.I.Y. Sandujo iyi iciri kusisira maningi, ngo kuti inobesera vajiji kuziva zvinonga zvecida kureva gama kana divi riri rese ro ciHebheru ricikazivi kujeka.
^ ndim. 8 Vamweni vanovona kuti Mateu wakatara Vhangeri rake mu ciHebheru zve kangaije wakazorisandujazve mu ciGiriki ega.
^ ndim. 13 Vonanyi Apendise A3, Shanduro yeNyika Itsva yakanasirihwazve, mu cingezi; vonanyizve bhurushura rino musoro unoti: Um Livro para Todas Pessoas, mapheji 7-9, pa cimusoro cinoti “Como o livro sobreviveu?”