‘Esiku ndika otali ka kala edhimbulutho kune’
“Dhaneni esiku ndika li ninge oshituthi shelongelokalunga, li mú dhimbuluthe shoka ngame OMUWA nda ningi.”—EKS. 12:14.
1, 2. Oshituthidhimbuluko shini Aakriste ayehe ye na okukala ye na ohokwe musho, nomolwashike?
UUNA to dhiladhila kombinga yiituthidhumbuluko, oshituthi shini hashi ya momadhiladhilo goye tango? Kuyamwe otashi vulika esiku lyoshiningwanima shimwe shomondjokonona ngaashi esiku ndyoka oshilongo shawo sha manguluka. Ihe mbela owu shi oshituthidhimbuluko shoka hashi dhanwa kuyamwe, shoka sha kala nokudhanwa momukokomoko gwoomvula dhi vulithe 3 500?
2 Oshituthi shoka osho Opaasa. Oshi li edhano lyemanguluko lyAaisraeli yonale muupika wAaegipiti. Oshiningwanima shoka oshi na okukala sha simana kungoye. Omolwashike mbela? Omolwaashoka osha guma onkalamwenyo yoye momikalo dhimwe dha simanenena. Otashi vulika wu dhiladhile kutya, ‘Opaasa edhano lyOshijuda, ihe ngame kandi shi Omujuda. Omolwashike ndi na okukala ndi na ohokwe muyo?’ Eyamukulo oli li moohapu ndhika dha simana: ‘Onzigona yetu yOpaasa, Kristus, okwa dhipagwa.’ (1 Kor. 5:7) Opo tu uve ko eityo lyoshili yoohapu ndhoka, otwa pumbwa okutseya kombinga yOpaasa yAajuda nokutala kutya oshituthi shoka osha pambathana ngiini noshipango shoka sha pewa Aakriste ayehe.
OMOLWASHIKE OPAASA YA LI HAYI DHANWA?
3, 4. Oshike sha li sha ningwa manga Opaasa yotango inaayi dhanwa?
3 Aantu omamiliyona omathele muuyuni awuhe mboka kaaye shi Aajuda oye na ontseyo yontumba kombinga yoshiningwanima shoka tashi vulu okwiithanwa Opaasa yotango. Otashi vulika ye yi lesha mOmbiimbeli membo lyaEksodus, yu uva ehokololo nenge ya tala omuvi kombinga yoshiningwanima shoka.
4 Sho Aaisraeli ya kala aapika muEgipiti oomvula odhindji, Jehova okwa li a tumu Moses nomumwayina, Aaron, kuFarao ye ke mu pule a mangulule oshigwana She. Omupangeli gwaEgipiti ngoka omunuuntsa ka li a hala Aaisraeli ya ye, onkee ano Jehova okwa li a tumine oshilongo shoka omageelo ga landulathana ngoka ge shi dhenge. Lwahugunina, Kalunga okwa li a tumu egeelo etimulongo lyeso lyiisheeli yAaegipiti, ndyoka lya li li inyengitha Farao e ya ethe ya ye.—Eks. 1:11; 3:9, 10; 5:1, 2; 11:1, 5.
5. Aaisraeli oya li ye na okuninga shike sho tayi ilongekidhile okumangululwa? (Tala kethano ndyoka li li petameko.)
5 Ihe mbela Aaisraeli oya li ye na okuninga shike manga inaaya mangululwa? Osha li pokwenye momumvo 1513 K.E.N., momwedhi gwOshihebeli Abib, ngoka konima gwe ki ithanwa Nisan. * Kalunga okwa li a ti kutya mesiku etimulongo lyomwedhi ngoka, Aaisraeli oya li ye na okutameka okwiilongekidhila iinima yontumba mbyoka taya ka ninga mo 14 Nisan. Esiku ndyoka olya li lya tameke peningino lyetango molwaashoka omasiku gAahebeli oga li haga tameke okuza peniningino lyetango lyesiku limwe sigo okeningino lyetango lyesiku lya landula ko. Mo 14 Nisan, uukwanegumbo kehe owa li wu na okudhipaga onzi ondumentu (nenge oshikombo oshilumentu) nokugwayeka ombinzi kiikulo nopiipamba yomiyelo dhomagumbo gawo. (Eks. 12:3-7, 22, 23) Uukwanegumbo owa li wu na okulya onzi ya yothwa pamwe noshikwiila inaashi ya efulika nosho wo iigwanga. Omuyengeli gwaKalunga okwa li ta ka taakana oshilongo nokudhipaga iisheeli yaEgipiti, ihe Aaisraeli aavuliki oya li taya ka gamenwa, opo nduno oya li taya ka mangululwa.—Eks. 12:8-13, 29-32.
6. Oshigwana shaKalunga osha li tashi ka tala ko ngiini Opaasa monakuyiwa?
6 Shoka osho sha li sha ningwa, nAaisraeli oya li ye na okudhimbulukwa emanguluko lyawo moomvula tadhi ke ya. Kalunga okwa li e ya lombwele a ti: “Dhaneni esiku ndika li ninge oshituthi shelongelokalunga, li mú dhimbuluthe shoka ngame OMUWA nda ningi. Kaleni tamu li dhana nomaluvalo geni sigo aluhe.” Oshituthi shika shomomasiku 14 osha li shi na okulandulwa koshituthi shomasiku gaheyali. Esiku eti-14 lyomwedhi Nisan olyo lya li esiku lyo lyene lyOpaasa, ihe omasiku agehe gahetatu oga li haga vulu wo okutiwa oshituthi shOpaasa. (Eks. 12:14-17; Luk. 22:1; Joh. 18:28; 19:14) Opaasa oya li oshituthi shimwe shomiituthi mbyoka ya li ya totwa po (“iituthidhimbuluko,” The Bible in Living English) mbyoka Aahebeli ya li ye na okudhana omumvo kehe.—2 Ondjal. 8:13.
7. Jesus okwa li a toto po oshituthi shini pOpaasa yahugunina ndjoka ya li ya pitikwa okudhanwa pampango?
7 Ye li Aajuda haya landula Ompango ndjoka ya li ya pewa Moses kuKalunga, Jesus naayapostoli ye oya li haya dhana Opaasa omumvo kehe. (Mat. 26:17-19) Oshikando shahugunina sho ya li ye yi dhana, Jesus okwa li a toto po oshituthi oshipe shoka aalanduli ye ya li ye na okukala haya dhimbulukwa omumvo kehe, ano Uulalelo wOmuwa. Ihe mbela oshituthi shoka osha li shi na okudhimbulukiwa mesiku lini?
UULALELO WOMUWA OWU NA OKUDHIMBULUKIWA MESIKU LINI?
8. Otashi vulika yamwe ya pule epulo lini kombinga yoshituthi shOpaasa nosho wo shUulalelo wOmuwa?
8 Molwaashoka Jesus okwa li a dhike po Uulalelo wOmuwa nziya konima yOpaasa yahugunina ndjoka ya li ya pitikwa okudhanwa pampango, oshituthi shika osha li tashi ka kala hashi ipumu mumwe nesiku lyOpaasa. Ihe otashi vulika wa ndhindhilika kutya esiku lyOpaasa yOshijuda ndyoka li li muulindeli wokunena olya yooloka ko kesiku ndyoka hatu dhimbulukwa eso lyaKristus, tashi vulika nokuli pokati kago pwa pita esiku limwe nenge omasiku ogendji. Omolwashike pu na eyooloko? Eyamukulo oli li moshipango shoka Kalunga a li a pe Aaisraeli. Konima sho a popi kutya ‘egongalo alihe lyaIsraeli nali dhipage’ onzi, Moses okwa li a popi kondandalunde kutya naye yi dhipage pethimbo lini mo 14 Nisan.—Lesha Eksodus 12:5, 6.
9. Onzi oya li yi na okudhipagwa pethimbo lini, ngaashi sha popiwa muEksodus 12:6? (Tala wo oshimpungu “Opethimbo lini?”)
9 Onzi oya li yi na okudhipagwa ‘kongulohi,’ ngaashi sha popiwa muEksodus 12:6. Oombiimbeli dhimwe odha longitha naanaa uutumbulilo wa faathana. Dhilwe ngaashi ndjoka yAajuda, Tanakh, oya toloka uutumbulilo mboka tayi ti, “taku wiwile.” Onkee ano onzi oya li yi na okudhipagwa ngele etango lya ningine, ihe omanga inaaku luudha, petameko lyesiku 14 Nisan.
10. Pakupopya kwayamwe onzi oya li hayi dhipagwa pethimbo lini, ihe mbela shoka oshe eta po epulo lini?
10 Sho pwa piti ethimbo, Aajuda yamwe oya li ya dhiladhila kutya osha li hashi kutha ethimbo okudhipaga oonzi adhihe ndhoka dha li hadhi etwa kotempeli. Onkee ano uutumbulilo mboka wu li muEksodus 12:6 owa li wa talika ko kutya otawu ulike pehulilo lyesiku 14 Nisan, ano ethimbo ndyoka li li pokati sho etango tali tameke oku ka pa oyana (komatango) sigo opehulilo lyesiku sho etango lya ningina. Ihe ngele osho sha li ngawo, uulalelo owu na okukala wa li wa liwa pethimbo lini? Omuprofesoli Jonathan Klawans, ngoka e li kapyoko meitaalo lyonale lyOshijuda, okwa nyola a ti: ‘Esiku epe ohali tameke neningino lyetango, onkee ano eyambo olya li hali ningwa momasiku 14, ihe Opaasa nuulalelo oya li hayi tamekwa okuningwa mo 15, nonando omasiku ngaka inaga popiwa mo kondandalunde muEksodus.’ Okwa nyola wo a ti: ‘Momambo gAarabbi anuwa inamu popiwa nokuli nkene Seder [uulalelo wOpaasa] wa li hawu dhanwa manga otempeli inaayi hanagulwa po’ mo 70 E.N.
11. (a) Jesus okwa li a ningilwa shike mesiku lyOpaasa mo 33 E.N.? (b) Omolwashike 15 Nisan mo 33 E.N. ga li gi ithanwa Esabati “lya simana”? (Tala enyolo lyopevi.)
11 Onkee ano otu na etompelo lyokupula kutya, ano Opaasa oya li ya dhanwa uunake momumvo 33 E.N.? Mo 13 Nisan, sho esiku moka ‘onzigona yOpaasa ya li yi na okudhipagwa’ lya hedha popepi, Kristus okwa li a lombwele Petrus naJohannes a ti: “Indeni, mu ke tu longekidhile uulalelo wOpaasa, tu u lye.” (Luk. 22:7, 8) ‘Ethimbo osho lya thiki’ opo uulalelo wOpaasa wu liwe, konima sho etango lya ningine mo 14 Nisan ndyoka lya li tali ka kala mEtine kongulohi. Jesus okwa li uulalelo mboka naayapostoli ye, nokonima okwa dhike po Uulalelo wOmuwa. (Luk. 22:14, 15) Uusiku mboka okwa li a kwatwa po e ta pangulwa. Sho shu uka lwoposhanga shomutenya mo 14 Nisan, Jesus okwa li a alelwa komuti gwomahepeko nokwa si lwokomatango mesiku ndyoka. (Joh. 19:14) Onkee ano, ‘onzigona yetu yOpaasa, Kristus, okwa li a dhipagwa’ mesiku ndyoka onzigona yOpaasa ya li ya dhipagwa. (1 Kor. 5:7; 11:23; Mat. 26:2) Pehulilo lyesiku ndyoka lyAajuda, Jesus okwa li a fumvikwa, manga esiku 15 Nisan inaali tameka. *—Lev. 23:5-7; Luk. 23:54.
EDHIMBULUKO NDYOKA TO VULU OKWIILONGA SHA MULYO
12, 13. Aanona yAajuda oya li haya kutha unene ngiini ombinga moshituthi shOpaasa?
12 Natu tale ishewe kwaashoka sha ningilwe muEgipiti. Moses okwa tile kutya monakuyiwa oshigwana shaKalunga osha li tashi ka dhiginina Opaasa; osha li shi na okukala tashi yi dhana “sigo aluhe.” Pethimbo lyoshituthi shoka shokomumvo, aanona oya li haya pula aavali yawo omapulo ngoka ga li unene kombinga yelalakano lyoshiningwanima shoka. (Lesha Eksodus 12:24-27; Deut. 6:20-23) Kungawo, Opaasa oya li tayi ka kala tayi ti sha yi li ‘edhimbuluko’ nokuli nokaanona.—Eks. 12:14.
13 Okuza komapipi nomapipi, Aaisraeli oya li ya longo oyana iiyilongomwa ya simana kombinga yOpaasa. Oshiilongomwa shimwe osho kutya Jehova okwa li ta vulu okugamena aalongeli ye. Aanona oya li yi ilongo kutya Kalunga oko e li shili, ye ke shi oshikalunga shi li owala mpo. Jehova oko e li shili, ngoka omunamwenyo noku na ko nasha naantu ye nohe ya kwathele. Naashika okwe shi ulike sho a li a gamene aatango yAaisraeli sho ‘a dhipaga Aaegipiti.’ Okwa li a hupitha aatango yAaisraeli.
14. Aavali Aakriste otaya vulu okulongitha ehokololo kombinga yOpaasa ya kwathele oyana ya kale ye na olupandu lwashike?
14 Aavali Aakriste ihaya uhala taya lombwele oyana omumvo kehe eityo lyOpaasa ndjoka. Ihe mbela ngoye oho longo ngaa aamwoye oshiilongomwa sha faathana kutya Kalunga oha gamene oshigwana she? Mbela ohaya mono ngaa kungoye kutya owi itaala lela kutya Jehova oku li natango Omugameni gwoshigwana she? (Eps. 27:11; Jes. 12:2) Uuna to shi ningi, mbela oho popi nayo wa fa to gandja oshipopiwa nenge omomukalo omwaanawa moka haya nyanyukilwa oonkundathana dheni? Ninga oonkambadhala wu kwatele mo oshiilongomwa shoka, opo wu kwathele aanegumbo lyoye ya koke pambepo.
Sho to kundathana naamwoye kombinga yOpaasa, iiyilongomwa yini to ka tsa omuthindo? (Tala okatendo 14)
15, 16. Omahokololo ngoka ge li muEksodus ontopolwa 12-15 otaga vulu okulongithwa ga tse omuthindo shike kombinga yaJehova?
15 Mehokololo lyOpaasa itatu ilongo mo owala nkene Jehova ha vulu okugamena oshigwana she. Otatu ilongo mo wo kutya okwa li e shi hupitha sho e shi ‘tembudha mo muEgipiti.’ Dhiladhila owala kutya shoka osha li sha kwatela mo shike. Oshikogo shomuzile osha li aluhe komeho gasho omutenya, nuusiku oshikogo shomulilo. Osha li she ende puukukutu mpoka omeya gEfuta Etiligane ga topoka pokati, gamwe okolumoho nagamwe okolulyo. Sho ya piti, oya li ya mono nkene omeya ga shuna kumwe e taga siikilile etangakwiita lyAaegipiti. Opo nduno Aaisraeli mboka ya hupithwa oya li ya vulu okwiimba taya ti: “Otandi imbile OMUWA, . . . uukambe naakayili yawo okwe ya undulile mefuta. OMUWA oye oonkondo dhandje neimbilo lyandje; oye tuu a hupitha ndje.”—Eks. 13:14, 21, 22; 15:1, 2; Eps. 136:11-15.
16 Ngele owu na aanona, mbela oto ya kwathele ngaa ya kale yi inekela muJehova e li Omuhupithi? Mbela ohaya mono ngaa kutya moohapu dhoye nomomatokolo goye owe mu inekela? Oto vulu lela okukwatela mElongelokalunga lyUukwanegumbo shoka sha nyolwa muEksodus ontopolwa 12-15 nokutsa omuthindo nkene Jehova a li a gamene oshigwana she. Omathimbo gamwe oto vulu okugwedha ko kwaashoka mokukonakona oohapu ndhoka dhi li mIilonga 7:30-36 nenge muDaniel 3:16-18, 26-28. Dhoshili, aagundjuka naakokele oye na okukala neinekelo kutya Jehova ka li owala Omuhupithi monakuziwa. Ngaashi a li a hupitha oshigwana she pethimbo lyaMoses, ote ke tu hupitha wo monakuyiwa.—Lesha 1 Aatessalonika 1:9, 10.
OLYA DHIKWA PO TU KALE HATU LI DHIMBULUKWA
17, 18. Uuna tatu dhiladhila kombinga yokulongithwa kwombinzi pOpaasa yotango oshi na oku tu dhimbulukitha shike?
17 Aakriste yashili ihaya dhana Opaasa yOshijuda. Oshituthidhimbuluko shoka osha li oshitopolwa shOmpango ndjoka ya li ya pewa Moses kuKalunga, nokatu li we kohi yOmpango ndjoka. (Rom. 10:4; Kol. 2:13-16) Ihe ohatu dhana oshituthidhimbuluko shilwe, eso lyOmwana gwaKalunga. Nonando ongawo, opu na iinima mbyoka ya li hayi ningwa pOpaasa ndjoka ya li ya dhikwa po muEgipiti tayi ti sha kutse.
18 Ombinzi yonzi ndjoka ya li ya gwayekwa kiikulo nopiipamba yomiyelo dhomagumbo oya li endhindhiliko lyokuhupitha oomwenyo. Kunena, ihatu gandja omafikilondjambo giinamwenyo kuKalunga kutya nduno omesiku lyOpaasa nenge omesiku lilwe. Ihe opu na eyambo ndyoka tali vulu okuhupitha aantu opo ya vule okukala nomwenyo sigo aluhe. Omuyapostoli Paulus okwa li a nyola kombinga ‘yegongalo lyaana aatango yaKalunga, oomboka omadhina gawo ga nyolelwa membo lyomegulu.’ Aakriste mboka aagwayekwa ohaya hupithwa ‘kombinzi ya shashamenwa,’ ano kombinzi yaJesus. (Heb. 12:23, 24) Aakriste mboka ye na etegameno lyoku ka kala nomwenyo sigo aluhe kombanda yevi nayo otaya ka hupithwa omolwombinzi ndjoka. Oye na okukala aluhe tayi idhimbulukitha oohapu ndhika: “Tse otwa mangululwa notwa dhiminwa po oondjo dhetu omolweso lyaKristus. Esilohenda lyaKalunga ekumithi ngiini!”—Ef. 1:7.
19. Ongiini omukalo moka Jesus a li a si tagu vulu okukoleka einekelo lyetu momahunganeko?
19 Sho Aaisraeli ya li ya dhipaga onzi yuulalelo wOpaasa, kaya li ye na okuteya nando esipa limwe lyayo. (Eks. 12:46; Num. 9:11, 12) Ongiini nduno kombinga ‘yonzigona yaKalunga’ ndjoka yi ile okukulila aantu? (Joh. 1:29) Okwa li a alelwa komuti gwomahepeko pokati kaakolokoshi yaali. Aajuda oya li yi indile Pilatus opo omasipa gaalumentu mboka ya alelwa kiiti ga tewe. Shika osha li tashi ke ya ningitha ya se mbala, opo kaaya kale ko kiiti sigo omesiku eti-15 Nisan, ano mesiku lyEsabati enene. Aakwiita oya li ya teya omasipa gaalumentu yaali aakolokoshi mboka ya li ya alelwa kiiti, “ihe sho ye ya kuJesus, oya dhimbulula kutya okwa sa nale nokuli, onkee inaa nyanyula nando oohongo dhe.” (Joh. 19:31-34) Shoka otashi tsu kumwe naashoka sha li sha ningilwa onzi yOpaasa, onkee ano onzi ndjoka oya li “efano lya dhimeya” lyaashoka sha li tashi ka ningwa mo 14 Nisan, 33 E.N. (Heb. 10:1) Shimwe ishewe, oohapu ndhoka dhi li mEpisalomi 34:20 odha li dha gwanithwa, naashoka oshi na okukoleka einekelo lyetu momahunganeko.
20. Eyooloko lini lya tongomona li li pokati kOpaasa nUulalelo wOmuwa?
20 Ihe opu na eyooloko pokati kOpaasa nUulalelo wOmuwa. Opaasa ndjoka Aajuda ya li haya dhana kaya li tayi thaneke shoka Kristus a li a lombwele aalanduli ye ya kale haya ningi sho taya dhimbulukwa eso lye. MuEgipiti, Aaisraeli oya lile onyama yonzi, ihe hambinzi yayo. Shoka osha yooloka ko kwaashoka Jesus a li a lombwele aalanduli ye ya kale haya ningi. Okwa li a ti kutya mboka taya ka pangela “mUukwaniilwa waKalunga,” (NW) oye na okulya oshikwiila nokunwa omaviinu, iinima mbyoka yi li endhindhiliko lyolutu lwe nombinzi ye. Moshitopolwa tashi landula otatu ka konakona muule oshinima shoka.—Mark. 14:22-25.
21. Omolwashike sha simana tu tseye kombinga yOpaasa?
21 Nonando oongawo, kapu na omalimbililo kutya Opaasa oya li oshiningwanima oshinene shoka tashi ulike nkene Kalunga a li u ungaunga nAaisraeli, nakehe gumwe gwomutse oti ilongo mo sha. Nonando Opaasa oya li ‘edhimbulukitho’ kAajuda, nokali shi kAakriste, tu li Aakriste otu na okukala tu shi kombinga yayo nokutula miilonga iiyilingomwa yimwe ya simana mbyoka yi li mo yi li oshitopolwa ‘shenyolo kehe lya nyolithwa kombepo yaKalunga.’—2 Tim. 3:16.
^ okat. 5 Omwedhi gwotango gwomokalindeli kAahebeli ogwa li hagu ithanwa Abib, ihe konima sho Aaisraeli ya zi muupongokwa muBabiloni ogwe ki ithanwa Nisan. Moshitopolwa muka otatu ka longitha edhina Nisan.
^ okat. 11 Esiku 15 Nisan olya li lya tameke peningino lyetango, nesiku lyEsabati lyokoshiwike (Olyomakaya) momumvo ngoka olya li lyi ipumu mumwe nesiku lyotango lyOshituthi shIikwiila inaayi tulwa Efulika, ndyoka lya li aluhe esabati, kutya nduno esiku ndyoka olya li lini koshiwike. Molwaashoka Omasabati agehe oga li ga tsakanene mesiku limwe, olya li Esabati “lya simana.”—Lesha Johannes 19:31, 42.
