ISITJHIJILO: Iintjhijilo zamambala ezinjengokonakala kunye nokutjhajalaliswa kweBhayibheli azange ziphumelele. Kodwana abanye abakopululi nabatjhugululi balinga ukutjhentjha lokho okutjhiwo mlayezo weBhayibheli. Ngezinye iinkhathi, bebalinga ukwenza umlayezo weBhayibheli uvumelane neemfundiso zabo, kunokuthi bona bavumelane nokufundiswa yiBhayibheli. Nazi iimbonelo:

• Indawo yokuthandazela: Phakathi neminyaka yabo-400 neyabo-200 B.C.E., abatloli be-Pentateuch yamaSamariya bangezelela amagama la, ku-Eksodusi 20:17, “e-Aargaareezem. Kulapho-ke okufuze wakhe khona i-aldari.” Ngikho amaSamariya bekakholelwa bona imiTlolo ivumelana nokwakha kwabo ithempeli “e-Aargaareezem,” namakha eNtabeni yeGerizimu.

• Ifundiso kaziqu-ntathu: Eminyakeni engaphasi kweyi-300 liqediwe iBhayibheli, umuntu owatlola ngoZiqu-ntathu wangezelela amagama la, akweyoku-1 Jwanisi 5:7, “ezulwini, nguBaba, nguLizwi, noMoya Ocwengileko: begodu laba abathathu bamunye.” Umutjho loyo bewungekho emitlolweni yokuthoma yamambala. Isazi seBhayibheli uBruce Metzger sathi, “kusukela eminyakeni yangabo-600” amezwi lawo “athoma ukwanda emitlolweni yesandla yesiLatin saKade naku[Latin] Vulgate.”

• Igama lakaZimu: Abatjhugululi beBhayibheli abanengi bakhetha ukususa igama lakaZimu emiTlolweni, begodu igunya lokwenza njalo batjho balithethe ekolweni yamaJuda. Esikhundleni segamelo, bafaka iziqu ezithi “Zimu” namkha “Kosi,” begodu lokho azange bagcine ngokukwenza kuMdali kwaphela, kodwana bakwenza nakwabanye abantu, nakwezinye izinto zekolo yamala, nakuSathana imbala.—Jwanisi 10:34, 35; 1 Korinte 8:5, 6; 2 Korinte 4:4. *

INDLELA IBHAYIBHELI ELAPHUMELELA NGAYO: Sizokuthoma ngokuthi, nanyana abanye abakopululi beBhayibheli bebamadlhapha nabakhohlisi, inengi labanye belizimisele begodu likopulula ngokunembileko. Abakopululi abamaJuda abaziwa nangokuthi  maMasoretes, bakopulula okusemiTlolweni yesiHebheru phakathi neminyaka yabo-600 neyabo-1000 C.E., begodu imitlolo leyo yagcina seyaziwa nge-Masoretic. Abakopululi labo bebahlala bawabala amagama wayo malunga nokuqinisekisa bona akunamitjhapho na. Nakwenzeka balemuke umtjhapho emtlolweni wamambala abakopulula kiwo, bebawutlola esikhaleni esiseqadi. Abakopululi laba azange balinge ukutjhentjha okutlolwe eBhayibhelini. UPhrofesa Moshe Goshen-Gottstein wathi, “ukutlola amala ngabomu, kibo bekuzokufana nokwenza ubugebengu obukhulu.”

Kwesibili, imiqulu epheleleko yemitlolo yesandla namhlanjesi isiza izazi zeBhayibheli bona ziyilemuke imitjhapho. Ngokwesibonelo, abadosiphambili bekolo besekuminyaka eminengi bafundisa ukuthi amaBhayibheli wabo wesiLatin asuselwe emitlolweni eqinisekisiweko yeBhayibheli. Kodwana, kweyoku-1 Jwanisi 5:7, bafake amagama amamala ekhesakhuluma ngawo ngehla. Imitjhapho leyo yakhamba beyayokufika neBhayibhelini yesiNgisi ka-King James! Kwenzekani mhla kutholakala eminye imitlolo yakade yesandla? UBruce Metzger watlola wathi: “Indaba [ekweyoku-1 Jwanisi 5:7] ayikho kiyo yoke imitlolo yesandla yakade (iSyriac, iCoptic, i-Armenian, i-Ethiopic, i-Arabic, neSlavonic) ngaphandle kweyesiLatin.” Ngikho-ke i-King James ebuyekeziweko namanye amaBhayibheli ayikhiphile imitjhapho leyo.

Nje-ke imitlolo yesandla yakade iyakufakazela na ukuthi umlayezo weBhayibheli bewuvikelekile? Mhla kutholakala imiSongo yeLwandle Elifileko ngo-1947, izazi bezingakghona ukumadanisa imitlolo yesiHebheru ye-Masoretic nalokho ebekutlolwe emisongweni yeBhayibheli eyatlolwa eminyakeni engaba yikulungwana eyadlulako. Ilunga lesiqhema salabo abathola imiSongo yeLwandle Elifileko, laphetha ngokuthi umsongo munye “unobufakazi obaneleko bokuthi ukukotjululwa kweBhayibheli esikhathini esingaba minyaka eyikulungwana, kube msebenzi omuhle khulu nothembekileko wabakopululi abamaJuda.”

I-Chester Beatty Library ye-Dublin, e-Ireland, inebuthelelo le-papyri okungenzeka yasetjenziswa kizo zoke iincwadi zemiTlolo yamaKrestu yesiGirigi, kunye nemitlolo yesandla yangabo-200 C.E.—okuminyaka engaba likhulu ngemva kokuqedwa kweBhayibheli. I-Anchor Bible Dictionary ithi, “Nanyana i-Papyri inemininingwana eminengi emitjha malungana namagama, iphinde iwufanekisele kuhle nomlando wokukotjululwa kwebhayibheli, okuyenza itholakale bekube kunamhlanjesi.”

UMPHUMELA: Kunokuthi imitlolo yesandla yakade yeBhibheli yonakale iphele, ukukotjululwa kwayo kulithuthukisile iBhayibheli. U-Sir Frederic Kenyon nakakhuluma ngemiTlolo yamaKrestu yesiGirigi uthi, “ayikho enye incwadi yakade kangako enobufakazi obuliqiniso bomlayezo wayo, begodu akukho nasinye isazi esithembekileko esingaphika iqiniso lokuthi imitlolo esinayo nathi namhlanjesi isese njalo.” Bese ngokuphathelene nemiTlolo yesiHebheru, isazi uWilliam Henry Green sithi: “Kungatjhiwo ngokungananazi ukuthi awukho omunye umsebenzi wakade okotjululwe ngokunembe kangaka.”