Iimzamo Yokuqeda Umtlhago

IINJINGA seziwuqedile wazo umtlhago. Kodwana iimzamo yokuqeda iimtlhago yesintu ibe lilize. Kubayini? Ngombana ngokujayelekileko iinjinga azifuni kube nomuntu namtjhana into engathikazisa ukuthabela kwazo umnotho neenkhundla. USolomoni iKosi yakwa-Israyeli wekadeni yatlola: “Qala! iinyembezi zabagandelelwako, kodwana banganamduduzi; begodu ngehlangothini labagandelelako bekunamandla.”—UMtjhumayeli 4:1.

Abantu abanegunya namandla bangawutjhentjha umphakathi bona uqede umtlhago wephasi? USolomoni waphefumulelwa bona atlole: “Qala! koke bekulilize nokulwela ukubamba umoya. Lokho okwenziwe kwatjeka ngeze kwanqophiswa.” (UMtjhumayeli 1:14, 15) Ukuqalisisa iimzamo yanamhlanje yokulinga ukuqeda umtlhago kulifakazela kuhle iphuzweli.

Iimbono Yokuphumelela Kwabantu Boke

Ngekhulu le-19 leemnyaka, njengombana iintjhaba ezimbalwa zibuthelela uburego obunengi khulu ngebanga lerhwebo namabubulo, abanye abantu abanegunya bayitjheja ngokudephileko indaba yomtlhago. Bekungenzeka na bona iinsetjenziswa zephasi zabiwe ngokulinganako?

Abanye bacabanga bona ubusotjhalisti namtjhana ubukhomanisi bebungaba yipengu yokwenza abantu ephasini loke balingane begodu umnotho wabiwe ngokulinganako. Liqiniso, kwabanjingileko iimbono le beyinjengephela endlebeni. Abantu abanengi bakarwa mbono wokobana umuntu ngamunye kufuze anikele ngamakghono wakhe woke emphakathini begodu azuze ngokuvumelana neentlhogo zakhe. Abanengi bebanethemba lokobana zoke iinarha zizokwamukela ubusotjhalisti bese loke iphasi libe mphakathi opheleleko okungaphilwa kiwo. Iinarha ezimbalwa zamukela iingcenye zobusotjhalisti zakha neembuso yezehlalakuhle ethembisa ukutlhogomela zoke izakhamuzi “kusukela zibelethwa beziyokuhlongakala.” Zathi ziwuqedile umtlhago ofaka ukuphila engozini ebantwini bazo.

Nokho, ubusotjhalisti zange buwufikelele umnqopho wabo wokwenza umphakathi onganamrhobholo.  Umbono wokobana izakhamuzi zizokusebenzela iinzuzo zomphakathi kunokurhubhela ngeenkhwanyeni zazo wabonakala ulibhudango elingeze lazaliseka. Abanye bala ukondla abatlhagako, bathi amalungiselelo anjalo enza abanye hlangana nabo bavilaphe. Amezwi weBhayibhili alandelako abonakala aliqiniso: “Akunamuntu olungileko ohlala enza okulungileko angoni. . . . UZimu weqiniso wenza abantu abalungileko, kodwana bona bazifunela amano amanengi.”—UMtjhumayeli 7:20, 29.

Elinye ithemba belibizwa ngokobana liBhudango Le-Amerika—ibhudango lendawo lapho nanyana ngubani ozimisele ukusebenza budisi angaphumelela khona. Ephasini mazombe, iintjhaba ezinengi zamukela iinkambiso—njengedemokhrasi, ukwenza amabubulo nokurhweba ngokutjhaphulukileko—okubonakala kwanga ngizo ezenza i-United States yanjinga. Kodwana akusingizo zoke iintjhaba ebezingenza lokho okutjhiwo liBhudango Le-Amerika ngombana iNorth America azange ifumane umnotho ngebanga lamahlelo wayo wezepolitiki kwaphela. Ukuba kwayo neensetjenziswa zemvelo ezinengi nokufikelela bulula iindlela zokurhweba zephasi loke kwadlala indima eqakathekileko. Ukungezelela kilokho, iphaliswano lehlelo lezomnotho lephasi alivezi kwaphela abathumbi abaphumelelako kodwana liveza neenhluleki ezizinkhothamikhwa. Iinarha eziphumelelako bezingakhuthazwa na bona zirhelebhe ezisatlhagako?

IMarshall Plan—Indlela Yokuqeda Umtlhago?

Ngemva kwePi Yephasi II, iYurobhu beyikhwahlile nenengi lezakhamuzi zayo belikhukhuthelwa yindlala. Norhulumende we-U.S. bekatshwenyekile ngokuthandwa kobusotjhalisti eYurobhu. Ngalokho iimnyaka emine, wanikela ngesizumbulu semali ukuvuselela amabubulo nezokulima eenarheni ebezizokwamukela iinkambiso ze-U.S. Ihlelo Lokuvuselela IYurobhu, elaziwa ngokuthi yiMarshall Plan, laqalwa njengeliyipumelelo. EWestern Europe, umthelela we-U.S. wanda, begodu umtlhago osongela ukuphila waba yivelakancani. Kghani le bekuyindlela yokuqeda umtlhago ephasini loke?

Ukuphumelela kweMarshall Plan kwenza bona urhulumende we-U.S. anikele ngerhelebho eenarheni ezitlhagako ephasini loke, ukuzirhelebha bona zithuthukise zelimo, ukutlhogonyelwa kwepilo, nezokuthutha. I-United States ivuma ngokutjhaphulukileko bona umnqopho walokho kuzizuzisa yona. Nezinye iinarha zalinga ukwandisa umthelela wazo ngokunikela ezinye iinarha irhelebho. Ngemva kweemnyaka ematjhumi asithandathu, sele zisebenzise imali enengi kunaleyo eyasetjenziswa kuMarshall Plan, iimphumela beyidanisa. Liqiniso, ezinye iinarha zifumene umnotho omkhulu, khulukhulu e-East Asia. Nokho, kezinye, ngitjho nanyana irhelebho lehlisa inani labantwana abahlongakalako landisa nenani labafumana ifundo, iinarha ezinengi zisatlhaga ngokudluleleko.

Okwenza Irhelebho Elivela Kezinye Iinarha Lingawuqedi Umtlhago

Ukurhelebha iinarha ezidobha phasi bona ziphume emtlhagweni kubonakale kubudisi khulu kunokurhelebha iinarha ezinjingileko bona zizivuselele ngemva kwepi. IYurobhu besele inawo amabubulo, amarhwebo, nezokuthutha. Umnotho bewutlhoga ukulungiswa kwaphela. Eenarheni ezitlhagako, ngitjho nanyana irhelebho elivela kezinye iinarha lenze kwaba neendlela, iinkolo, namatlinigi, abantu basatlhaga ngokudluleleko ngombana iinarhezo azinamabhizinisi, iinsetjenziswa zemvelo, azikghoni nokungenela zerhwebo.

Imizombe yomtlhago irarene begodu ayipheli lula. Ngokwesibonelo, ukugula kubangela  umtlhago, nomtlhago ubangela ukugula. Abantwana abangakondleki kuhle bangabogaboga khulu ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kangangobana nebakhulako, ngeze bakghona ukutlhogomela babo abantwana. Godu, iinarha ezinjingileko nezinikela iinarha ezitlhagako “irhelebho” ngokuzipha iinsalela zokudla, abalimi nabathengisi bendawo abasathengelwa, lokho kwandisa umtlhago. Ukuthumela imali kiborhulumende beenarha ezitlhagako kuthoma omunye umzombe: Imali yerhelebho kulula ukuyeba, ngalokho ingabangela ukukhwabanisa, ukukhwabanisa khona kungadosela emtlhagweni ongeziweko. Kuhlekuhle, okwenza irhelebho elivela kezinye iinarha libhalelwe kukobana aliqedi unobangela osisekelo womtlhago.

Unobangela Womtlhago

Umtlhago odluleleko ubangelwa ziintjhaba, aborhulumende, nabantu abenza izinto ngombana bafuna ukuthuthukisa nokuvikela iinkareko zabo kwaphela. Ngokwesibonelo, aborhulumende beenarha ezikhomba ngophakathi abayitjheji kangako indaba yokuqeda umtlhago wephasi ngombana bakhethwe ngokwentando yenengi begodu kufuze bathabise labo ababavowudeleko. Ngalokho, bakhandela abalimi beenarha ezitlhagako bona bangathengisi imikhiqizo yabo eenarheni ezinjingileko ukwenzela bona abalimi beenarha ezinjingileko bangaphelelwa yibhizinisi. Godu, ababusi beenarha ezinjingileko basekela abalimi babo ngemali enengi ukwenzela bona baphale abalimi beenarha ezitlhagako.

Ngokukhanyako, unobangela womtlhago—ukutjhigamela kwabantu naborhulumende kokuvikela iinkareko zabo—wenziwa mumuntu. Umtloli weBhayibhili uSolomoni ubeka nganasi indlela: “Umuntu ubuse umuntu kwaba kulimala kwakhe.”—UMtjhumayeli 8:9.

Alo-ke, likhona ithemba lokobana umtlhago uzokuphela? Ukhona urhulumende ongatjhentjha imvelo yabantu?

[Ibhoksi elisekhasini 6]

Umthetho Wokulwisana Nomtlhago

UJehova uZimu wanikela isitjhaba sama-Israyeli wekadeni iimthetho ebeyingakhandela umtlhago omkhulu nekangayilalela. Ngaphasi koMthetho, yoke iimndeni, ngaphandle kwesitjhaba sabapristi samaLefi, beyifumana ilifa lendawo. Ilifa lomndeni belivikelekile ngombana indawo beyingeze yathengiswa unomphela. Qobe ngemva kweemnyaka ema-50, enye nenye indawo bekufuze ibuyiselwe kumnikazi namtjhana emndeninakhe. (Lefitikosi 25:10, 23) Nekungenzeka ukugula, ihlekelele namtjhana ukuvilapha kukatelele umuntu bona athengise ngendawo yakhe, bekufuze ibuyiselwe kuye simahla ngomnyaka weJubili. Awukho umndeni obewuzokuba neenzukulwana ezizokutlhaga.

Elinye ilungiselelo lomusa loMthetho kaZimu belivumela indoda ebeyitlhaga bona iyozithengisa ebugqilini. Beyizokunikelwa imali kusesengaphambili bona ikghone ukubhadala iinkolodo zayo. Nengabe azange ikghone ukuzihlenga bekube mnyaka wekhomba, bekufuze itjhatjhululwe inikelwe iintjalo nefuyo bona izokulima godu. Ukungezelelela kilokho, nengabe umuntu otlhagako kufuze aboleke imali, uMthetho bewungawavumeli ama-Israyeli bona ambhadelise inzalo. Godu uMthetho bewuyala abantu bona bangavuni emaphethelweni wamasimabo ukwenzela bona abantu abatlhagako baburuje. Ngalokho-ke, akakho umIsrayeli ebekazokuphila ngokukhongozela.—Duteronomi 15:1-14; Lefitikosi 23:22.

Nokho, umlando utjengisa bona amanye ama-Israyeli awela emtlhagweni. Kubayini lokho kwenzeka? Ama-Israyeli khenge alalele uMthetho kaJehova. Ngebanga lalokho, njengeenarheni ezinengi, abanye abantu baba banininarha abanjingileko abanye baba ziintlhagi ezingananarha. Unobangela womtlhago waba kukobana amanye ama-Israyeli khenge awutjheje uMthetho kaZimu, abeka iinkareko zawo qangi kunezabanye.—Matewu 22:37-40.