Zimene Zinachitika Zaka 100 Zapitazo—1914
MU NSANJA YA OLONDA ya January 1, 1914 munali mawu akuti: “Tikukhulupirira kuti pali zinthu zambiri zimene zichitike m’chaka cha 1914 zokhudzana ndi kulalikira Choonadi, kuposa zimene zakhala zikuchitika m’zaka za m’mbuyomu pa ntchito Yokololayi.” Kwa zaka zambiri chaka cha 1914 chisanafike, Ophunzira Baibulo ankayembekezera chaka chimenechi. Pofika m’chakachi, Ophunzira Baibulowo anali akugwira ntchito yolalikirayi mwakhama kwambiri ndipo anthu mamiliyoni ambirimbiri anamva za malonjezo amene ali m’Baibulo. Koma pa nthawiyo n’kuti anthu ambiri padziko lonse ali otanganidwa ndi zinthu zina.
Chiwawa Chinayamba Kuchuluka Kwambiri Padziko Lonse
Chakumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1914, chiwawa choopsa kwambiri chinayamba kuchitika m’dziko la United States. Chiwawachi chinayamba chifukwa cha anthu ogwira ntchito m’migodi omwe ankanyanyala ntchito, ndipo anthu ambiri, monga abambo, amayi ndi ana, anaphedwa. Anthu ogwira ntchito m’migodi omwe ankanyanyala ntchitowo anathamangitsidwa m’nyumba za kampani pamodzi ndi mabanja awo ndipo anayamba kukhala m’matenti. Kenako pa April 20, anthu anayamba kuwomberana pamalo amene panali matenti pafupi ndi tauni ya Ludlow, ku Colorado ndipo matenti a anthuwo anawotchedwa. Koma anthu okwiya omwe ankanyanyala ntchitowo anabwezera chipongwechi popha alonda ambirimbiri a pamgodiwo, moti asilikali ankhondo anabwera kudzakhazikitsa mtendere m’dera lonselo.
Nako ku Ulaya zinthu zinaipa kwambiri kuposa pamenepa. Pa June 28, mnyamata wina wazaka 19, dzina lake Gavrilo Princip yemwe anali wochokera ku Serbia, anawombera ndi kupha Archduke Francis Ferdinand wa ku Austria. Zimenezi zinayambitsa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse. Pamene chaka cha 1914 chimafika kumapeto n’kuti nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, imene pa nthawiyo inkadziwika kuti Nkhondo Yaikulu, itafalikira m’mayiko onse a ku Ulaya.
Misonkhano Inalimbikitsa Kwambiri Ntchito Yolalikira
Ngakhale kuti nkhondo inali itavuta kwambiri padziko lonse, Ophunzira Baibulo ankalimbikitsana kuti azigwira ntchito yolalikira mwakhama. Mwachitsanzo, iwo ankachita misonkhano, ndipo msonkhano woyamba umene anthu a Mulungu anachita m’dziko la South Africa unayamba pa April 10. Pa msonkhanowu panali anthu okwana 34. M’bale William W. Johnston, yemwe anali nawo pa msonkhanowu analemba kuti: “Tinalidi ‘kagulu ka nkhosa.’ Tinabatiza pafupifupi hafu ya anthu onse amene anafika pa msonkhanowu. Alongo 8 komanso abale 8 anasonyeza kudzipereka kwawo pobatizidwa m’njira yogwirizana ndi zimene Yesu ananena.” Pa tsiku lomaliza la msonkhanowo, abale ndi alongo amene anasonkhana anakambirana njira imene angatsatire kuti uthenga wabwino uzilalikidwa kwambiri ku South Africa. Masiku ano ku South Africa kuti ofalitsa okhulupirika oposa 90,000. Umenewutu ndi umboni wosonyeza kuti “kagulu ka nkhosa” kaja kanagwira ntchito mwakhama kwambiri.
Pa June 28, 1914, tsiku lomwe Archduke Ferdinand anawomberedwa, Ophunzira Baibulo anasonkhana ku Clinton m’chigawo cha Iowa, ku United States of America. Msonkhanowo uli mkati pa June 30, M’bale A. H. MacMillan anena kuti: “Ngati tikufuna kudzalandira mphoto yathu tikufunika kupitiriza kuchita mwakhama zimene Mulungu amafuna. Choncho nthawi zonse tiziyesetsa kugwira ntchito yolalikira mwakhama.”
Anthu Mamiliyoni Ambiri Anachita Chidwi ndi “Sewero la Pakanema”
Pa January 11, 1914 “Sewero la Pakanema la Chilengedwe” linaonetsedwa koyamba muholo ina yake ku New York City. Seweroli linali ndi nkhani za m’Baibulo ndiponso nyimbo zimene anazisakaniza ndi zithunzi zooneka bwino. M’seweroli munalinso zithunzi zina zoyenda. Anthu amene anaonera seweroli pa tsikulo analipo 5,000 ndipo anthu ena ambirimbiri anabwezedwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo.
Magazini ya Nsanja ya Olonda inati ntchito yokonzekera kupanga “Sewero la Pakanema la Chilengedwe” inatenga zaka ziwiri, “ndipo seweroli linali lisanathe bwinobwino pa nthawi imene ankalionetsa koyamba mu January.” Choncho abale anapitiriza kulikonza seweroli mwina ndi mwina kuyambira chakumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1914 mpaka kudzafika chapakatikati pa chakachi. Mwachitsanzo, abalewo anawonjezera mbali yoyamba m’sewerolo yomwe inali ndi mawu ofotokozera a Charles Taze Russell. Izi zinathandiza kuti anthu adziwe amene anapanga seweroli.
Pa nthawi ina “Sewero la Pakanema” limeneli linaonetsedwa m’mizinda yokwana 80 pa nthawi yofanana. Pofika mu July 1914, seweroli linali litafika ku Great Britain ndipo linkaonetsedwa ku Glasgow ndi ku London. Ndipotu m’nyumba zimene ankaonetsera seweroli munkadzaza anthu. Pofika mu September, seweroli linayamba kuonetsedwa m’mayiko a Denmark, Finland, Germany, Sweden ndi Switzerland, ndipo mu October linafika ku Australia ndi ku New Zealand. M’mayiko onsewa, anthu oposa 9 miliyoni anaonera “Sewero la Pakanema” m’chaka choyamba chimene seweroli linatuluka.
Tepi iliyonse ya “Sewero la Pakanema” limeneli inkakhala ndi zithunzi mahandiredi ambiri zoonetsa mtundu wake weniweni. Munalinso zithunzi zoyenda komanso mawu ofotokozera zithunzizo. Pankafunika ndalama zambiri kuti apange tepi imodzi, ndipo pankafunikanso abale ndi alongo aluso oti aonetse seweroli. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti atamaliza kukonza “Sewero la Pakanena” lonse poyamba azingolionetsa m’mizinda ikuluikulu yokha basi. Pofuna kuti anthu a m’madera a kumidzi aonere nawo seweroli, Ophunzira Baibulo anafupikitsafupikitsa seweroli, n’kupanga masewero atatu. Sewero loyamba mwa masewero afupiafupiwa linkadziwika kuti “Eureka Drama Y,” ndipo linali ndi zithunzi zosasonyeza mtundu wake weniweni zomwe anazisakaniza ndi nkhani za m’Baibulo komanso nyimbo. Sewero lina linkadziwika kuti “Eureka Drama X” komanso panali lina lalifupi kwambiri limene linkadziwika kuti “Eureka Family Drama.” Masewero awiriwa anali opanda zithunzi koma anali a mawu okha. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1914, miyezi 4 isanathe kuchokera pamene masewero a “Eureka” anatulutsidwa, anthu oposa 70,000 anali ataonera masewerowa ku United States.
Akopotala Komanso Anthu Ena Ongodzipereka Anayamba ugwira Ntchito Yolalikira
Ngakhale kuti ntchito yoonetsa “Sewero la Pakanema” inali yatsopano komanso yosangalatsa, Ophunzira Baibulo anazindikira kuti njira zina zolalikirira zinali zofunika kwambiri. Choncho kalata imene Charles Taze Russell analembera akopotala onse, omwe masiku ano amatchedwa apainiya, inati: “Tikudziwa kuti utumiki wa ukopotala ukubereka zipatso zambiri m’nthawi yokolola ino. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, tikulimbikitsa Akopotala onse kuti asiye ntchito yoonetsa nawo Sewero la Pakanema . . . Abale ndi alongo ena, omwenso ndi okhulupirika kwa Ambuye . . . angagwire ntchito yoonetsa Seweroli.”
Mu January 1914, chiwerengero cha akopotala chinali 850. M’chaka chimenechi, alaliki a khama amenewa anagawira mabuku oposa 700,000 akuti Studies in the Scriptures. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti m’magazini ina ya Nsanja ya Olonda mulembedwe mawu “oyamikira kwambiri” akopotala. Munalinso mawu olimbikitsa anthu amene amawerenga magaziniyi kuti “azilankhula mawu olimbikitsa akopotala chifukwa utumiki wa akopotalawo nthawi zina umakhala wovuta kwambiri.”
Ophunzira Baibulo ena anagawira timapepala m’zinenero zambirimbiri. M’chaka cha 1914, anagawira timapepala toposa 47 miliyoni ta mutu wakuti The Bible Students Monthly komanso timapepala tina.
Koma sikuti ntchito imene Ophunzira Baibulowa ankagwira inali yachinsinsi. Iwo ankalalikira poyera komanso misonkhano yawo inali yaulere. Zimenezi zinachititsa m’busa wa tchalitchi chinachake kudandaula kuti: “Posachedwapa, zimene M’busa Russell akuchita zichititsa kuti anthu ayambe kuganiza kuti kutolera zopereka ndi tchimo. Anthu akangoyamba kuganiza choncho ndiye kuti basi, ife chathu palibe komanso anthuwo asiya kutilemekeza.”
Kutha kwa Nthawi za Akunja
Ophunzira Baibulo ankakhulupirira kuti “nthawi za Akunja” zotchulidwa pa Luka 21:24 (Buku Lopatulika Ndilo Mau a Mulungu), zidzatha cha pa October 1, 1914. Pamene mwezi wa October umayandikira, Ophunzira Baibulowo ankayembekezera mwachidwi kwambiri. Ena mwa Ophunzira Baibulowo mpaka anafika poyenda ndi timakadi ndipo tsiku lililonse likadutsa, ankachongapo pochotsera masiku otsala. Ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti pa tsiku limeneli adzaitanidwa kuti alowe kuseri kwa nsalu yotchinga, kapena kuti kumwamba.
M’mawa pa October 2, 1914, M’bale Russell analowa m’chipinda chodyera ku Beteli ndipo analengeza kuti: “Nthawi za Anthu Akunja zatha; tsiku la mafumu awo latha!” Ena mwa anthu amene anali m’chipindacho ayenera kuti anadziwa kuti mawu amenewa anali ochokera m’nyimbo nambala 171, yomwe inali m’buku la nyimbo la mutu wakuti Hymns of the Millennial Dawn. Kungoyambira m’chaka cha 1879, Ophunzira Baibulo ankaimba nyimboyi, yomwe inali ndi mawu akuti “Nthawi za Akunja zatsala pang’ono kutha.” Koma kungoyambira patsikuli, mawu amenewa sanalinso olondola chifukwa Nthawi za Akunja kapena kuti ‘nthawi zoikidwiratu za anthu a mitundu ina’ zinali zitatha. (Luka 21:24) Patapita nthawi, buku lathu la nyimbo linasinthidwa kuti uthenga wake ugwirizane ndi zimenezi.
Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1914, Ufumu wa Mesiya unali utakhazikitsidwa kumwamba, ndipo ena mwa Ophunzira Baibulo ankaganiza kuti amaliza kugwira ntchito yawo. Iwo sankadziwa n’komwe kuti atsala pang’ono kulowa m’nyengo yamayesero ndi kupetedwa. M’pake kuti lemba la chaka cha 1915 linali lakuti: “Kodi mukhoza kumwera chikho nditi ndidzamwere Ine?” lomwe linachokera pa Mateyu 20:22. (Buku Lopatulika Ndilo Mau a Mulungu) “Chikho” chimene Yesu anatchula chimatanthauza mayesero amene ankayembekezera kukumana nawo mpaka kuphedwa. Ophunzira Baibulowo anali atatsala pang’ono kukumana ndi mayesero ochokera mumpingo komanso kuchokera kwa anthu ena. Ndipotu zimene iwo akanachita pa mayeserowo zikanasonyeza kuti amakhulupirira Yehova kapena ayi.