1-3. (a) Kodi ndi nkhani iti imene ikanatha kugawanitsa mpingo wa Chikhristu umene unali utangoyamba kumene? (b) Kodi kuphunzira nkhani ya m’buku la Machitidwe imeneyi kungatithandize bwanji?

 PAULO ndi Baranaba anasangalala kwambiri. Iwo anali atangofika kumene mumzinda wa Antiokeya wa ku Siriya kuchokera ku ulendo wawo woyamba waumishonale. Atumwiwa ankasangalala chifukwa Yehova “anatsegulanso khomo kuti anthu a mitundu ina akhale okhulupirira.” (Mac. 14:26, 27) Akhristu ankalalikira uthenga wabwino mumzinda wonse wa Antiokeya ndipo “anthu ambiri” a mitundu ina anakhulupirira n’kulowa mumpingo wa Chikhristu umene unali kumeneko.​—Mac. 11:20-26.

² Pasanapite nthawi, nkhani yosangalatsayi yonena za kuwonjezereka kwa anthu mumpingo, inafika ku Yudeya. Koma m’malo moti anthu onse asangalale, zimenezi zinachititsa kuti nkhani ya mdulidwe imene inalipo kale, ifike povuta. Kodi Akhristu a Chiyuda ankafunika kuti aziona bwanji Akhristu a mitundu ina, nanga Akhristu a mitundu inawo ankafunika kuti aziona bwanji Chilamulo cha Mose? Nkhaniyi inachititsa kuti pakhale kusamvana kwakukulu komwe kukanagawanitsa anthu mumpingo wa Chikhristuwo. Koma kodi nkhaniyi akanaithetsa bwanji?

³ Tingaphunzire mfundo zambiri zothandiza tikamawerenga nkhaniyi m’buku la Machitidwe. Mfundo zimenezi zingatithandize kuchita zinthu mwanzeru ngati mumpingo mwayambika nkhani imene ingagawanitse mpingowo.

4. Kodi Akhristu ena a Chiyuda ankalimbikitsa maganizo olakwika ati, nanga zimenezi zikubweretsa funso liti?

⁴ Luka analemba kuti: “Amuna ena ochokera ku Yudeya anayamba kuphunzitsa abale kuti: ‘Mukapanda kudulidwa mogwirizana ndi mwambo wa Mose, simungapulumuke.’” (Mac. 15:1) Sitikudziwa ngati “amuna ena” amenewa poyamba anali Afarisi asanakhale Akhristu. Koma zikuoneka kuti iwo ankaganiza ngati Afarisi, amene anali Ayuda ampatuko omwe ankaumirira kwambiri malamulo. Kuwonjezera pamenepa, zikuoneka kuti iwo ankanena kuti atumidwa ndi atumwi komanso akulu ku Yerusalemu. (Mac. 15:23, 24) Koma kodi n’chifukwa chiyani Akhristu a Chiyuda ankalimbikira nkhani ya mdulidwe ngakhale kuti panali patapita zaka pafupifupi 13 kuchokera pamene mtumwi Petulo, motsogoleredwa ndi Mulungu, analandira anthu osadulidwa a mitundu ina mumpingo wa Chikhristu? a​—Mac. 10:24-29, 44-48.

5, 6. (a) N’chifukwa chiyani Akhristu ena a Chiyuda ankalimbikira nkhani ya mdulidwe? (b) Kodi pangano la mdulidwe linali mbali ya pangano la Abulahamu? Fotokozani. (Onani mawu a m’munsi.)

 ⁵ Iwo ayenera kuti anali ndi zifukwa zambiri. Chifukwa choyamba n’chakuti Yehova ndi amene analamula kuti amuna azidulidwa, ndipo chinali chizindikiro chakuti anthuwo ali pa ubwenzi wapadera ndi iye. Mdulidwe unayambika kale kwambiri pangano la Chilamulo lisanachitike, koma patapita nthawi, mdulidwe unakhala mbali ya pangano la Chilamulocho. Munthu woyamba kudulidwa anali Abulahamu ndi anthu a m’banja lake. b (Lev. 12:2, 3) M’Chilamulo cha Mose, ngakhale alendo amene ankakhala ndi Aisiraeli ankafunika kudulidwa kuti akhale ndi mwayi wochita nawo zinthu zapadera, monga kudya chakudya cha pa chikondwerero cha Pasika. (Eks. 12:43, 44, 48, 49) Choncho, Ayuda ankaona kuti munthu wosadulidwa anali wodetsedwa.​—Yes. 52:1.

⁶ Akhristu a Chiyuda anafunika kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro komanso kukhala odzichepetsa kuti asinthe n’kuvomereza mfundo zatsopano za choonadi. Pangano la Chilamulo linali litalowedwa m’malo ndi pangano latsopano, ndipo kungobadwira mumtundu wa Ayuda sikunkachititsa munthu kukhala m’gulu la anthu apadera a Mulungu. Ndipo Akhristu a Chiyuda amene ankakhala m’madera osiyanasiyana a Ayuda, monga ku Yudeya, anafunika kulimba mtima kuti akhulupirire Khristu ndiponso kuvomereza kuti anthu a mitundu ina amene anali osadulidwa, akhoza kukhala Akhristu anzawo.​—Yer. 31:31-33; Luka 22:20.

7. Kodi “amuna ena ochokera ku Yudeya” analephera kumvetsa mfundo ziti za choonadi?

⁷ N’zoona kuti Mulungu sanasinthe mfundo zake. Umboni wa zimenezi ndi wakuti m’pangano latsopano muli mfundo za m’Chilamulo cha Mose. (Mat. 22:36-40) Mwachitsanzo, pofotokoza nkhani ya mdulidwe, Paulo analemba kuti: “Kukhala Myuda weniweni kuli mumtima ndipo mdulidwe wake umakhalanso wamumtima wochitidwa ndi mzimu, osati ndi malamulo olembedwa.” (Aroma 2:29; Deut. 10:16) “Amuna ena ochokera ku Yudeya” aja sanamvetse mfundo za choonadi zimenezi koma ankalimbikira kunena kuti Mulungu sanathetse lamulo la mdulidwe. Kodi iwo akanasintha mmene amaionera nkhaniyi?

8. N’chifukwa chiyani mpingo unatumiza nkhani ya mdulidwe ku bungwe lolamulira ku Yerusalemu?

⁸ Luka anapitiriza kuti: “Paulo ndi Baranaba sanagwirizane nazo ndipo anatsutsana nawo [“amuna ena ochokera ku Yudeya” aja]. Choncho iwo anasankha Paulo, Baranaba komanso anthu ena kuti apite kwa atumwi ndi akulu ku Yerusalemu  kukawauza za nkhaniyi.” c (Mac. 15:2) Mfundo yakuti iwo “sanagwirizane nazo ndipo anatsutsana,” ikusonyeza kuti pa magulu awiri otsutsanawo, gulu lililonse linkakhulupirira kwambiri kuti zimene iwowo akunena ndi zimene zili zoona osati za anzawozo, ndipo mpingo wa ku Antiokeya sukanatha kuthetsa nkhaniyo. Pofuna kuti mtendere ndi mgwirizano usasokonezeke mumpingo, mpingowo unachita zinthu mwanzeru potumiza nkhaniyo kwa “atumwi ndi akulu ku Yerusalemu,” amene anali m’bungwe lolamulira. Kodi tingaphunzire chiyani pa zimene akulu a ku Antiokeya anachita?

9, 10. Kodi zimene anachita abale a ku Antiokeya komanso Paulo ndi Baranaba zikutipatsa chitsanzo chotani masiku ano?

⁹ Mfundo imodzi yofunika imene tikuphunzira pamenepa ndi yakuti tiyenera kukhulupirira gulu la Mulungu. Taganizirani izi: Abale a ku Antiokeya ankadziwa kuti abale onse amene anali m’bungwe lolamulira anali Akhristu a Chiyuda. Komabe, iwo ankakhulupirira kuti bungweli liweruza nkhani ya mdulidweyi mogwirizana ndi Malemba. N’chifukwa chiyani ankakhulupirira zimenezi? Mpingowo unkakhulupirira kuti Yehova ndi amene ayendetse zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito mzimu wake woyera komanso Yesu Khristu, amene ndi Mutu wa mpingo wa Chikhristu. (Mat. 28:18, 20; Aef. 1:22, 23) Masiku anonso nkhani zovuta zikayambika mumpingo, tiyeni tizitsanzira chitsanzo chabwino cha Akhristu a ku Antiokeya ndipo tizikhulupirira gulu la Mulungu ndi Bungwe Lolamulira la Akhristu odzozedwa.

¹⁰ Tikuphunziranso kufunika kokhala anthu odzichepetsa komanso oleza mtima. Paulo ndi Baranaba anachita kusankhidwa ndi mzimu woyera kuti apite kwa anthu a mitundu ina, koma iwo sanaganize kuti zimenezi zinawapatsa mphamvu yothetsa okha nkhani ya mdulidwe pa nthawiyo ku Antiokeya. (Mac. 13:2, 3) Ndipotu Paulo analemba mfundo yosonyeza kuti Mulungu ndi amene ankatsogolera zinthu pofuna kuthetsa nkhaniyi. Iye analemba kuti: “Ndinapita kumeneko [ku Yerusalemu] chifukwa ndinauzidwa m’masomphenya kuti ndipiteko.” (Agal. 2:2) Masiku anonso pakabuka  nkhani zimene zingagawanitse mpingo, akulu amayesetsa kutsanzira atumwiwa pokhala odzichepetsa komanso oleza mtima. M’malo moumirira maganizo awo osiyanasiyana, iwo amadalira Yehova pogwiritsa ntchito Malemba komanso malangizo ochokera kwa kapolo wokhulupirika.​—Afil. 2:2, 3.

11, 12. N’chifukwa chiyani ndi bwino kudikira kuti Yehova atithandize kumvetsa nkhani inayake?

¹¹ Nthawi zina tingafunike kudikira kuti Yehova atithandize kumvetsa bwino nkhani inayake. Kumbukirani kuti abale a m’nthawi ya Paulo anafunika kudikira zaka pafupifupi 13, kuchokera mu 36 C.E. pamene Koneliyo anadzozedwa, mpaka mu 49 C.E. kuti Yehova agamule ngati zinali zoyenera kuti anthu a mitundu ina azidulidwa kapena ayi. N’chifukwa chiyani panapita nthawi yaitali chonchi? Mwina Mulungu ankafuna kupereka nthawi yokwanira kwa Ayuda oona mtima kuti asinthe maganizo awo pa nkhani yaikuluyi. Ndipotu kuthetsedwa kwa pangano la mdulidwe limene Mulungu anachita ndi kholo lawo lokondedwa Abulahamu, lomwe linakhalapo kwa zaka 1,900, sinali nkhani yaing’ono.​—Yoh. 16:12.

¹² Tili ndi mwayi waukulu chifukwa timalangizidwa ndiponso kuumbidwa ndi Atate wathu wakumwamba, yemwe ndi woleza mtima komanso wachifundo. Tikamalolera kuti iye azitiumba ndi kutilangiza, nthawi zonse zinthu zimatiyendera bwino. (Yes. 48:17, 18; 64:8) Choncho tiyeni tizipewe kuumirira maganizo athu modzikonda kapena kukhumudwa zinthu zikasintha m’gulu kapenanso gulu likasintha mmene limafotokozera malemba ena. (Mlal. 7:8) Ngati mwaona kuti mwayamba kukhala ndi mtima umenewu, ngakhale pang’ono chabe, mungachite bwino kupemphera ndiponso kuganizira mozama mfundo zimene zili m’chaputala 15 cha buku la Machitidwe. d

13. Kodi tingasonyeze bwanji kuti timatsanzira kuleza mtima kwa Yehova mu utumiki wathu?

¹³ Tingafunike kuleza mtima kwambiri tikamaphunzira Baibulo ndi anthu amene akulephera kusiya zikhulupiriro zabodza zimene amazikonda kwambiri kapena miyambo yosagwirizana ndi Malemba. Zinthu ngati zimenezi zikachitika, tingachite bwino kulola kuti papite nthawi yokwanira kuti mzimu wa Mulungu usinthe mtima wa munthu amene tikuphunzira nayeyo. (1 Akor. 3:6, 7) Komanso tingachite bwino kuipempherera nkhaniyo. Mwanjira inayake ndiponso pa nthawi yoyenera, Mulungu angatithandize kuti tidziwe zoyenera kuchita.​—1 Yoh. 5:14.

14, 15. Kodi Akhristu a mumpingo wa ku Antiokeya analemekeza bwanji Paulo, Baranaba komanso abale ena amene anayenda nawo, nanga amishonalewa analimbikitsa bwanji Akhristu anzawo?

¹⁴ Luka anapitiriza kufotokoza nkhaniyi kuti: “Mpingo utawaperekeza, anthu amenewa anapitiriza ulendo wawo kudzera ku Foinike ndi ku Samariya. Kumeneko ankafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zoti anthu a mitundu ina ayamba kulambira Mulungu, ndipo abale onse anasangalala kwambiri ndi zimenezi.” (Mac. 15:3) Mfundo yakuti mpingo unaperekeza Paulo, Baranaba ndi anthu ena amene  ankayenda nawo limodzi, ikusonyeza kuti Akhristuwo ankakonda ndi kulemekeza abalewa komanso kuti ankawafunira madalitso a Mulungu. Apanso abale a ku Antiokeya anatipatsa chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri. Kodi inuyo mumalemekeza abale ndi alongo anu auzimu, “makamaka [akulu] amene amachita khama polankhula Mawu a Mulungu ndiponso kuphunzitsa”?​—1 Tim. 5:17.

¹⁵ Pamene anali pa ulendowu, abalewo anadzera ku Foinike ndi ku Samariya ndipo analimbikitsa Akhristu anzawo akumeneko powafotokozera “mwatsatanetsatane” mmene ntchito yolalikira inkayendera m’gawo la anthu a mitundu ina. N’kutheka kuti ena mwa Akhristuwo anali Ayuda amene anathawira kumadera amenewa Sitefano ataphedwa. Masiku anonso abale athu, makamaka amene akukumana ndi mayesero, amalimbikitsidwa akamva mmene Yehova akudalitsira ntchito yophunzitsa anthu kuti akhale ophunzira a Yesu. Kodi inuyo mumapindula mokwanira ndi nkhani zimenezi pofika pamisonkhano yampingo ndi misonkhano ikuluikulu komanso powerenga nkhani za abale ndi alongo athu m’mabuku athu kapena pa jw.org?

16. N’chiyani chikusonyeza kuti nkhani ya mdulidwe inali itakula kwambiri?

¹⁶ Abalewo anachoka ku Antiokeya kulowera chakum’mwera ndipo atayenda ulendo wa makilomita pafupifupi 550, anafika kumene ankapita. Luka analemba kuti: “Atafika ku Yerusalemu analandiridwa ndi manja awiri ndi mpingo, atumwi komanso akulu. Ndipo anafotokoza zinthu zambiri zimene Mulungu anachita kudzera mwa iwowo.” (Mac. 15:4) Komabe atamva zimenezi, “okhulupirira ena, amene kale anali m’gulu lampatuko la Afarisi, anaimirira m’mipando yawo n’kunena kuti: ‘M’pofunika kuwadula komanso kuwalamula kuti azisunga Chilamulo cha Mose.’” (Mac. 15:5) Apa zikuonekeratu kuti nkhani yoti Akhristu a mitundu ina ayenera kudulidwa kapena ayi inali itakula kwambiri ndipo inafunika kuthetsedwa.

17. Kodi ndi anthu ati amene anali m’bungwe lolamulira ku Yerusalemu, ndipo zikuoneka kuti n’chifukwa chiyani “akulu” analinso m’bungweli?

¹⁷ Lemba la Miyambo 13:10 limati: “Anthu amene amapempha malangizo amakhala ndi nzeru.” Mogwirizana ndi mfundo yothandizayi, “atumwi ndi akulu anasonkhana kuti akambirane za nkhani [ya mdulidweyi].” (Mac. 15:6) “Atumwi ndi akulu” ankaimira mpingo wonse wa Chikhristu, ngati mmene Bungwe Lolamulira masiku ano limachitira. Koma kodi n’chifukwa chiyani “akulu” ankatumikira limodzi ndi atumwi? Kumbukirani kuti mtumwi Yakobo anali ataphedwa, ndipo kwa nthawi ndithu, mtumwi Petulo anali atamangidwa. N’kutheka kuti zinthu ngati zimenezi zikanachitikiranso atumwi ena. Ndiye amuna oyenerera odzozedwa  akanapitiriza kuyang’anira ndi kuyendetsa zinthu mwadongosolo mumpingo wa Chikhristu.

18, 19. Kodi Petulo analankhula mawu amphamvu ati, ndipo anthu amene ankamumvetserawo ayenera kuti anazindikira mfundo iti?

¹⁸ Luka anapitiriza kuti: “Atatsutsana kwambiri za nkhaniyi, Petulo anaimirira n’kuwauza kuti: ‘Abale anga, mukudziwa bwino kuti m’masiku oyambirira Mulungu anandisankha ine pakati panu, kuti kudzera pakamwa panga, anthu a mitundu ina amve mawu a uthenga wabwino n’kukhulupirira. Ndipo Mulungu, amene amadziwa zamumtima, anachitira umboni powapatsa mzimu woyera ngati mmene anachitiranso kwa ife. Iye sanasiyanitse m’pang’ono pomwe pakati pa ife ndi iwo. Koma anayeretsa mitima yawo chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chawo.’” (Mac. 15:7-9) Buku lina limati mawu a Chigiriki amene anawamasulira kuti “atatsutsana” muvesi 7, amasonyeza kuti akuluwo anafunsana mafunso komanso anafufuza za nkhaniyi mosamala kwambiri. N’zoonekeratu kuti abalewo anali ndi maganizo osiyana, ndipo ankanena maganizo awowo moona mtima.

¹⁹ Petulo analankhula mawu ogwira mtima ndipo anakumbutsa anthu onse kuti iye analipo pamene Koneliyo ndi banja lake anadzozedwa ndi mzimu woyera mu 36 C.E. Iwowa anali oyamba kulandira mzimu woyera pa anthu onse osadulidwa a mitundu ina. Choncho ngati Yehova anasiya kuona kuti Ayuda ndi anthu a mitundu ina ndi anthu osiyana, kodi mphamvu zoti anthuwo azichita zinthu motsutsana ndi Yehova ankazitenga kuti? Ndiponso munthu amakhala ndi mtima woyera ngati akukhulupirira Khristu, osati kutsatira Chilamulo cha Mose.​—Agal. 2:16.

20. Kodi anthu olimbikitsa mdulidwe ‘ankayesa bwanji Mulungu’?

²⁰ Pogwiritsa ntchito umboni wosatsutsika wochokera m’Mawu a Mulungu ndiponso wogwirizana ndi mzimu woyera, Petulo anamaliza ndi mawu akuti: “Ndiye n’chifukwa chiyani inu mukumuyesa Mulungu posenzetsa ophunzira goli limene makolo athu ngakhalenso ifeyo sitinathe kulisenza? Koma tsopano tikukhulupirira kuti ife tidzapulumuka chifukwa cha kukoma mtima kwakukulu kwa Ambuye Yesu, mofanananso ndi anthu amenewa.” (Mac. 15:10, 11) Anthu olimbikitsa mdulidwewo kwenikweni ‘ankayesa Mulungu,’ kapena kuti ankayesa kuleza mtima kwa Mulungu. Iwo ankaumiriza anthu a mitundu ina kutsatira malamulo amene Ayudawo ankalephera kuwatsatira, ndipo zimenezi zinawachititsa kuti akhale oyenera kulandira chilango cha imfa. (Agal. 3:10) M’malo molimbikitsa mdulidwe, Ayuda amene ankamvetsera Petulo anayenera kuyamikira Mulungu chifukwa cha kukoma mtima kwake kwakukulu kumene anakusonyeza kudzera mwa Yesu.

21. Kodi Baranaba ndi Paulo anafotokoza zotani?

²¹ N’zoonekeratu kuti mawu amene Petulo analankhulawa anakhudza mitima ya anthu amene ankamumvetserawo chifukwa “gulu lonselo linakhala chete.” Kenako, Baranaba ndi Paulo anawafotokozera “zizindikiro ndi zodabwitsa zambiri zimene Mulungu anachita pakati pa anthu a mitundu ina kudzera mwa iwo.” (Mac. 15:12) Tsopano nthawi inafika yoti atumwi ndi akulu aunike mozama umboni wonse n‘kugamula nkhani ya mdulidwe ija mogwirizana ndi chifuniro cha Mulungu.

22-24. (a) Kodi Bungwe Lolamulira masiku ano limatsanzira bwanji bungwe lolamulira loyambirira? (b) Kodi akulu onse angasonyeze bwanji kuti amalemekeza ulamuliro wa Mulungu?

²² Masiku anonso, abale a m’Bungwe Lolamulira akakumana, amadalira Mawu  a Mulungu kuti awatsogolere ndiponso amapemphera mochokera pansi pa mtima kuti Mulungu awapatse mzimu woyera. (Sal. 119:105; Mat. 7:7-11) Pofuna kuti iwo amange mfundo zogwirizana ndi chifuniro cha Mulungu, m’bale aliyense wa m’Bungwe Lolamulira amapatsidwa mndandanda wa mfundo zimene akakambirane kudakali nthawi, n’cholinga choti akonzekere nkhanizo ndi kuzipempherera. (Miy. 15:28) Abale odzozedwawa akamachita msonkhano wawo, aliyense amalankhula momasuka ndiponso mwaulemu. Pokambiranapo iwo amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri Baibulo.

²³ Akulu mumpingo ayenera kutengera chitsanzo chimenechi. Ndipo ngati akuluwo akambirana nkhani inayake yaikulu pamsonkhano wawo koma sanathe kuithetsa, angafunse malangizo ku ofesi yawo ya nthambi kapena kwa abale amene amaimira ofesi ya nthambi, monga oyang’anira madera. Nthawi zina ofesi ya nthambi ingalembe kalata n’kuitumiza ku Bungwe Lolamulira ngati patafunika kutero.

²⁴ Inde, Yehova amadalitsa aliyense amene amalemekeza dongosolo la gulu lake komanso amene amasonyeza kudzichepetsa, kukhulupirika ndi kuleza mtima. M’mutu wotsatira tiona kuti Mulungu amadalitsa Akhristu amene amachita zimenezi powapatsa mtendere weniweni, kuwathandiza kuti zinthu ziziwayendera bwino mwauzimu komanso kuwathandiza kuti akhale ogwirizana.