MUTU 23
“Mvetserani Mawu Anga Odziteteza”
Paulo anateteza choonadi pamaso pa magulu a anthu achiwawa ndiponso Khoti Lalikulu la Ayuda
Nkhaniyi yachokera pa Machitidwe 21:18–23:10
1, 2. N’chifukwa chiyani mtumwi Paulo anapita ku Yerusalemu, ndipo anakumana ndi mavuto ati atafika kumeneko?
PAULO anafikanso ku Yerusalemu ndipo ankayenda m’misewu ing’onoing’ono mmene munali anthu ambiri. Kwa zaka mahandiredi, mzinda wa Yerusalemu unali likulu lapadziko lonse la anthu olambira Yehova ndipo anthu ambiri amumzindawu ankanyadira zimenezi. Paulo ankadziwa kuti Akhristu ambiri mumzindawu ankakhulupirirabe kwambiri Chilamulo cha Mose ndipo ankavutika kusintha kuti ayambe kutsatira njira yatsopano imene Yehova ankaphunzitsira anthu ake. Choncho pa nthawi imene Paulo anali ku Efeso, anakonza zoti apite ku Yerusalemu kuti akathandize Akhristu kumeneko. Sikuti ankangofuna kukawapatsa zinthu zofunika pa moyo, koma ankafunanso kukawathandiza kuti aziona zinthu moyenera. (Mac. 19:21) Iye sanasinthe maganizo amenewa ngakhale kuti ankadziwa kuti akhoza kukakumana ndi zinthu zoopsa.
2 Kodi Paulo anakumana ndi mavuto ati ku Yerusalemu? Mavuto ena amene anakumana nawo anachokera kwa otsatira Khristu, amene anasokonezedwa atamva nkhani zabodza zokhudza iyeyo. Ndipo mavuto aakulu anachokera kwa adani a Khristu. Anthu amenewa ananamizira Paulo zinthu zambiri, anamumenya komanso anamuopseza kuti amupha. Komabe mavuto onsewa anamupatsa mwayi woti alankhule mawu odziteteza. Zimene Paulo anachita posonyeza kudzichepetsa, kulimba mtima ndiponso chikhulupiriro kuti athane ndi mavuto amenewa, ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri kwa Akhristu masiku ano. Tiyeni tione mmene Akhristu angamutsanzirire.
“Anayamba Kutamanda Mulungu” (Machitidwe 21:18-20a)
3-5. (a) Kodi Paulo atafika ku Yerusalemu anaonana ndi ndani ndipo anakambirana chiyani? (b) Kodi tikuphunzira chiyani pamsonkhano umene Paulo anachita ndi akulu ku Yerusalemu?
3 Paulo ndi anzake aja atafika ku Yerusalemu, tsiku lotsatira anapita kukaonana ndi abale amene ankatsogolera mpingo. Palibe mtumwi aliyense amene anatchulidwa pa nkhaniyi chifukwa mwina pa nthawiyi atumwi onse anali atapita kukatumikira m’madera akutali. Koma amene analipo anali Yakobo mchimwene wake wa Yesu. (Agal. 2:9) Zikuoneka kuti Yakobo ndi amene ankatsogolera pamsonkhano umene “akulu onse” anakumana ndi Paulo.—Mac. 21:18.
4 Paulo anapereka moni kwa akuluwo “n’kuyamba kuwafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zimene Mulungu anachitira anthu a mitundu ina kudzera mu utumiki wake.” (Mac. 21:19) Abalewo ayenera kuti analimbikitsidwa kwambiri atamva zimenezi. Nafenso masiku ano timalimbikitsidwa tikamva mmene ntchito yolalikira ikupitira patsogolo m’mayiko ena.—Miy. 25:25.
5 Pamsonkhanowu, Paulo ayenera kuti anawauzanso za mphatso zimene anabweretsa kuchokera ku Europe. Abalewo ayenera kuti anasangalala ndiponso kuyamikira kwambiri ataona kuti abale awo am’madera akutali ankawakonda komanso kuwadera nkhawa. Choncho n’zosadabwitsa kuti akuluwo “anayamba kutamanda Mulungu.” (Mac. 21:20a) Masiku anonso Akhristu amene akupirira mavuto aakulu kapena kudwala kwambiri, amalimbikitsidwa Akhristu anzawo akamawathandiza ndiponso kuwauza mawu olimbikitsa.
Ambiri Anapitirizabe Kukhala “Odzipereka pa Nkhani Yotsatira Chilamulo” (Machitidwe 21:20b, 21)
6. Kodi Paulo anamva za vuto liti?
6 Kenako akuluwo anauza Paulo kuti ku Yudeya kuli vuto lina limene linayamba chifukwa cha mphekesera zokhudza iyeyo. Iwo anati: “M’bale, pali Ayuda ambiri okhulupirira ndipo onsewa ndi odzipereka pa nkhani yotsatira Chilamulo. Komatu iwo anamva mphekesera zakuti iwe wakhala ukuphunzitsa Ayuda onse amene ali pakati pa anthu a mitundu ina kuti asiye kutsatira Chilamulo cha Mose. Akuti ukuwauza kuti asamachitenso mdulidwe wa ana awo komanso asamatsatire miyambo imene takhala tikuitsatira kuyambira kalekale.” a—Mac. 21:20b, 21.
7, 8. (a) Kodi Akhristu ambiri ku Yudeya anali ndi maganizo ati olakwika? (b) N’chifukwa chiyani sitinganene kuti Akhristuwo anali ampatuko?
7 N’chifukwa chiyani Akhristu ambiri ankatsatirabe Chilamulo cha Mose ngakhale kuti panali patapita zaka zoposa 20, Chilamulocho chitasiya kugwira ntchito? (Akol. 2:14) Mu 49 C.E. atumwi ndi akulu amene anasonkhana ku Yerusalemu anatumiza kumipingo kalata yofotokoza kuti Akhristu onse a mitundu ina sankafunika kudulidwa ndiponso kutsatira Chilamulo. (Mac. 15:23-29) Komabe, kalatayo sinatchule Akhristu a Chiyuda ndipo ambiri mwa iwo sankamvetsa mfundo yoti Chilamulo cha Mose sichikugwiranso ntchito.
8 Kodi Akhristu a Chiyudawo anali osayenera kukhala Akhristu chifukwa cha maganizo olakwikawa? Ayi. Sikuti iwo anali ngati anthu amene poyamba ankalambira milungu yabodza ndipo ankapitirizabe kutsatira miyambo ya zipembedzo zawo zakale. Komanso Yehova ndi amene anapereka Chilamulo chimene Akhristu a Chiyudawo ankachionabe kuti ndi chofunika kwambiri. M’Chilamulocho munalibe mfundo iliyonse yolakwika kapena yochokera kwa ziwanda. Kungoti chinali chogwirizana ndi pangano lakale, koma tsopano Akhristu anali m’pangano latsopano. Choncho Akhristu oona sankafunika kutsatira miyambo yogwirizana ndi pangano la Chilamulo chifukwa panganolo linali litasiya kugwira ntchito. Akhristu a Chiheberi amene ankaumirirabe Chilamulo, sankamvetsa komanso sankakhulupirira njira yatsopano yolambirira imene Yehova anakhazikitsa. Iwo ankafunika kusintha maganizo awo kuti agwirizane ndi mfundo zatsopano za choonadi zimene Mulungu ankawaphunzitsa. b—Yer. 31:31-34; Luka 22:20.
“Mphekesera Zimene Anamva . . . Ndi Nkhambakamwa” (Machitidwe 21:22-26)
9. Kodi Paulo ankaphunzitsa chiyani zokhudza Chilamulo cha Mose?
9 Nanga bwanji za mphekesera zakuti Paulo ankaphunzitsa Ayuda amene anali pakati pa anthu a mitundu ina ‘kuti asamachite mdulidwe wa ana awo kapena kutsatira miyambo imene anakhala akuitsatira kuyambira kalekale’? Paulo anali mtumwi wa anthu a mitundu ina, ndipo anapitiriza kuwaphunzitsa mfundo imene bungwe lolamulira linagamula, yoti sankafunika kumatsatira Chilamulo. Iye anasonyeza bwino kuti anthu omwe ankalimbikitsa Akhristu a mitundu ina kuti azichita mdulidwe ndiponso kutsatira Chilamulo cha Mose, anali ndi maganizo olakwika. (Agal. 5:1-7) Paulo ankalalikiranso uthenga wabwino kwa Ayuda mumzinda uliwonse umene ankapita. Iye ayenera kuti ankafotokozeranso anthu achidwi kuti imfa ya Yesu inathetsa Chilamulo ndiponso kuti munthu angakhale wolungama chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro osati kutsatira Chilamulo.—Aroma 2:28, 29; 3:21-26.
10. Kodi Paulo anasonyeza bwanji kuti anali ndi maganizo oyenera pa nkhani yokhudza Chilamulo ndiponso mdulidwe?
10 Komabe, Paulo anasonyeza kuti ankawamvetsa anthu amene ankatsatira miyambo ina ya Chiyuda monga kupewa kugwira ntchito pa tsiku la Sabata kapena kupewa kudya zakudya zina. (Aroma 14:1-6) Iye sanaikenso malamulo okhudza mdulidwe. Ndipotu Paulo anadula Timoteyo pofuna kupewa kukhumudwitsa Ayuda amene ankadziwa kuti bambo ake anali Mgiriki. (Mac. 16:3) Munthu aliyense anali ndi ufulu wosankha kudulidwa kapena ayi. N’chifukwa chake Paulo anauza Agalatiya kuti: “Kudulidwa kapena kusadulidwa kumakhala kopanda ntchito. Koma chofunika kwambiri n’kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro chimene chimaonekera posonyeza chikondi.” (Agal. 5:6) Komabe, kunali kulakwa kuti munthu adulidwe potsatira Chilamulo kapena poganiza kuti zimenezo n’zofunika kuti Yehova azimukonda. Munthu wochita zimenezi akanasonyeza kuti alibe chikhulupiriro.
11. Kodi akulu anapereka malangizo otani kwa Paulo, ndipo iye anafunika kuchita chiyani pomvera malangizowo? (Onaninso mawu a m’munsi.)
11 Akhristu a Chiyuda anakhumudwa kwambiri ngakhale kuti mphekesera zomwe anamvazo zinali zabodza. Choncho akulu anapatsa Paulo malangizo akuti: “Tili ndi amuna 4 amene anachita lumbiro. Utenge anthu amenewa ndipo ukachite nawo mwambo wa kudziyeretsa. Uwalipirire zonse zofunika, kuti amete tsitsi lawo. Ukatero, aliyense adziwa kuti mphekesera zimene anamva za iwe ndi nkhambakamwa chabe. Adzaona kuti ukuchita zinthu motsatira dongosolo komanso kuti umasunga Chilamulo.” c—Mac. 21:23, 24.
12. Kodi Paulo anasonyeza bwanji kuti anali womvera komanso wokonzeka kusintha, akulu a ku Yerusalemu atamupatsa malangizo?
12 Paulo akanatha kuuza akuluwo kuti vuto silinali mphekesera zimene anamvazo, koma Akhristu a Chiyudawo, amene ankaumirira kwambiri Chilamulo cha Mose. Koma iye anali wokonzeka kusintha bola ngati zimene anamuuzazo sizikanamuchititsa kuphwanya mfundo za Mulungu. M’mbuyomo, iye anali atalemba kuti: “Kwa anthu otsatira Chilamulo ndinakhala ngati wotsatira Chilamulo kuti ndithandize anthu otsatira chilamulo, ngakhale kuti sinditsatira Chilamulo.” (1 Akor. 9:20) Choncho pa nkhaniyi, Paulo anamvera akulu a ku Yerusalemu ndipo anakhala “ngati wotsatira Chilamulo.” Pamenepa iye anatipatsa chitsanzo chabwino masiku ano kuti tizimvera akulu ndiponso tisamaumirire kuchita zinthu mmene ifeyo tikufunira.—Aheb. 13:17.
Paulo ankagonjera ngati palibe chilichonse chosemphana ndi mfundo za m’Malemba. Kodi inunso mumatero?
“Sakuyenera Kukhala ndi Moyo!” (Machitidwe 21:27–22:30)
13. (a) N’chifukwa chiyani Ayuda ena anayambitsa chipolowe m’kachisi? (b) Kodi Paulo anapulumutsidwa bwanji?
13 Zinthu sizinamuyendere bwino Paulo kukachisi chifukwa kutatsala masiku ochepa kuti amalize zonse zokhudzana ndi lumbiro la amuna aja, Ayuda ochokera ku Asia anamuona. Ayudawo anayamba kumuimba mlandu wobweretsa anthu a mitundu ina n’kulowa nawo m’kachisi ndipo anayambitsa chipolowe. Anthuwo anayamba kumumenya kwambiri moti mkulu wa asilikali a Roma akanapanda kulowererapo, akanamupha. Komabe, mkulu wa asilikaliyo anamutenga n’kumutsekera m’ndende. Kuchokera pa tsiku limeneli, panadutsa zaka zoposa 4 kuti Paulo amasulidwe. Ngakhale kuti mkulu wa asilikaliyo anateteza Paulo pa nthawiyo, mavuto amene anakumana nawo pa tsikuli anali asanathe. Iye atafunsa Ayuda kuti afotokoze chifukwa chake ankamenya Paulo, iwo ankangonena zinthu zosiyanasiyana mokuwa moti mkulu wa asilikaliyo sanatolepo kanthu. Zinthu zinavuta kwambiri moti asilikali anachita kunyamula Paulo n’kumuthawitsa pachipolowecho. Paulo ndi asilikali a Chiromawo atatsala pang’ono kulowa kumpanda wa asilikali, iye anauza mkulu wa asilikaliyo kuti: “Chonde ndikukupemphani, ndiloleni ndilankhule kwa anthuwa.” (Mac. 21:39) Iye anavomera ndipo Paulo analankhula mawu odziteteza molimba mtima.
14, 15. (a) Kodi Paulo anafotokoza chiyani kwa Ayuda? (b) Kodi mkulu wa asilikali a Roma anachita zinthu ziti pofuna kudziwa chimene chinakwiyitsa Ayuda?
14 Paulo anayamba ndi mawu akuti: “Mvetserani mawu anga odziteteza.” (Mac. 22:1) Iye anayamba kulankhula ndi anthuwo m’Chiheberi ndipo zimenezi zinawachititsa kuti akhale chete. Iye anafotokoza momveka bwino chifukwa chake anakhala wotsatira wa Khristu. Pochita zimenezi, Paulo ankatchula mwaluso mfundo zimene Ayudawo akanafuna kufufuza, akanatha kupeza kuti ndi zoona. Mwachitsanzo, iye ananena kuti anaphunzitsidwa ndi munthu wina wotchuka dzina lake Gamaliyeli komanso kuti ankazunza otsatira a Khristu, ndipo anthu ena amene anali pagululo ayenera kuti ankadziwa zimenezi. Koma ali pa ulendo wa ku Damasiko, anaona Khristu m’masomphenya yemwe anali ataukitsidwa ndipo analankhula naye. Anthu amene anali ndi Paulo pa ulendowu nawonso anaona kuwala kwa masomphenyawo ndiponso anamva mawu ochokera kumwamba ngakhale kuti sanamvetse tanthauzo lake. (Mac. 9:7; 22:9) Zitatero anzakewo anamugwira padzanja popita ku Damasiko chifukwa masomphenyawo anamuchititsa khungu. Atafika ku Damasiko, munthu wina dzina lake Hananiya, amene Ayuda am’deralo ankamudziwa bwino, anathandiza Paulo mozizwitsa kuti ayambenso kuona.
15 Paulo anapitiriza kufotokoza kuti atabwerera ku Yerusalemu, Yesu anaonekeranso kwa iye m’kachisi. Atangonena zimenezi, Ayudawo anakwiya kwambiri n’kuyamba kukuwa kuti: “Munthu ameneyu asapezekenso padziko lapansi! Sakuyenera kukhala ndi moyo!” (Mac. 22:22) Pofuna kuteteza Paulo, mkulu wa asilikaliyo anamutenga n’kupita naye kumpanda wa asilikali. Popeza kuti iye ankafunitsitsa kudziwa chifukwa chake Ayudawo analusira Paulo, analamula kuti afunsidwe mafunso kwinaku akumukwapula. Pamenepa Paulo anapezerapo mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito malamulo podziteteza ndipo ananena kuti iye ndi nzika ya Roma. Masiku anonso, anthu a Yehova amagwiritsa ntchito malamulo a m’dziko lawo poteteza chikhulupiriro chawo. (Onani bokosi lakuti “ Mmene Malamulo a Aroma Ankakhudzira Nzika Zawo,” patsamba 184, ndiponso lakuti “ Mboni za Yehova Zinamenyera Ufulu Wawo M’makhoti.”) Atangomva kuti Paulo ndi nzika ya Roma, mkulu wa asilikaliyo anazindikira kuti ankayenera kupeza njira ina yomufunsira zimene zinachitikazo. Choncho tsiku lotsatira, iye anapititsa Paulo ku Khoti Lalikulu la Ayuda.
“Ine Ndine Mfarisi” (Machitidwe 23:1-10)
16, 17. (a) Fotokozani zimene zinachitika Paulo atayamba kulankhula m’Khoti Lalikulu la Ayuda. (b) Atamenyedwa, kodi Paulo anasonyeza bwanji chitsanzo chabwino pa nkhani ya kudzichepetsa?
16 Paulo anayamba kulankhula mawu ake odziteteza m’Khoti Lalikulu la Ayuda. Iye anati: “Anthu inu, abale anga, ndachita zinthu popanda chikumbumtima changa kunditsutsa ngakhale pang’ono pamaso pa Mulungu mpaka lero.” (Mac. 23:1) Atangolankhula mawu amenewa sanathenso kupitiriza. Nkhaniyi imati: “Hananiya mkulu wa ansembe atamva zimenezi, analamula anthu amene anaimirira pafupi naye kuti am’menye pakamwa.” (Mac. 23:2) Chimenechitu chinali chipongwe chachikulu kwambiri. Komanso zinasonyezeratu kuti mlanduwo suweruzidwa mwachilungamo chifukwa ankaona kuti iye ndi wabodza ngakhale kuti anali asanamve n’komwe umboni. Choncho n’zosadabwitsa kuti Paulo anati: “Uona, Mulungu akulanga, khoma lopaka laimu iwe. Wakhala pamenepo kuti undiweruze motsatira Chilamulo, ndiye ukuphwanyanso Chilamulocho polamula kuti andimenye?”—Mac. 23:3.
17 Anthu ena amene anali pamenepo anadabwa, osati chifukwa cha kumenyedwa kwa Paulo, koma chifukwa cha zimene iye ananena. Iwo anamufunsa kuti: “Kodi ukunyoza mkulu wa ansembe wa Mulungu?” Poyankha, Paulo anasonyeza kuti anali wodzichepetsa ndiponso ankalemekeza Chilamulo. Iye anati: “Abale, sindinadziwe kuti ndi mkulu wa ansembe. Chifukwa Malemba amati, ‘Wolamulira wa anthu a mtundu wako usamunenere zachipongwe.’” d (Mac. 23:4, 5; Eks. 22:28) Tsopano Paulo anasankha njira ina yolankhulira nawo. Ataona kuti oweruza a Khoti Lalikulu la Ayuda anali Afarisi ndi Asaduki, iye anati: “Anthu inu, abale anga, ine ndine Mfarisi, mwana wa Afarisi. Pano ndikuweruzidwa chifukwa cha chiyembekezo chakuti akufa adzauka.”—Mac. 23:6.
Mofanana ndi Paulo, tikamalankhula ndi anthu a zipembedzo zina, timatchula mfundo zimene iwonso angagwirizane nazo
18. N’chifukwa chiyani Paulo ananena kuti anali Mfarisi, ndipo tingagwiritse ntchito bwanji njira imeneyi pokambirana ndi anthu ena?
18 N’chifukwa chiyani Paulo ananena kuti anali Mfarisi? Chifukwa anali “mwana wa Afarisi,” kutanthauza kuti anachokera kubanja la Afarisi. Choncho anthu ambiri ankamuona kuti ndi Mfarisi. e Koma n’chifukwa chiyani Paulo ananena kuti anali Mfarisi, popeza Afarisi ankakhulupirira zabodza zokhudza mfundo yakuti akufa adzauka? Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti munthu ali ndi mzimu umene sufa munthuyo akamwalira, komanso kuti mizimu ya anthu olungama idzakhalanso m’matupi mwa anthu. Koma Paulo sankakhulupirira zimenezi. Iye ankakhulupirira zoti akufa adzauka mogwirizana ndi zimene Yesu anaphunzitsa. (Yoh. 5:25-29) Komabe, Paulo ankagwirizana ndi Afarisi pa mfundo yakuti anthu amene anamwalira adzakhalanso ndi moyo. Izi n’zosiyana ndi Asaduki amene sankakhulupirira kuti anthu amene anamwalira adzakhalanso ndi moyo. Tingatsatire njira imeneyi pokambirana ndi anthu a zipembedzo zina amene amakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu. Tinganene kuti ifenso timakhulupirira Mulungu ngati iwowo. N’zoona kuti amakhulupirira kuti kuli milungu itatu mwa mulungu mmodzi koma ife timakhulupirira Mulungu wotchulidwa m’Baibulo. Komabe, tonse timakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu.
19. N’chifukwa chiyani msonkhano wa oweruza a Khoti Lalikulu la Ayuda sunathe bwino?
19 Zimene Paulo ananenazo zinachititsa kuti Khoti Lalikulu la Ayuda ligawanike. Nkhaniyi imati: “Panali chiphokoso, ndipo alembi ena a gulu la Afarisi anaimirira n’kuyamba kutsutsa mwaukali kuti: ‘Sitikupeza chimene munthuyu walakwa. Koma ngati mzimu kapena mngelo walankhula naye . . . ’” (Mac. 23:9) Asaduki amene sankakhulupirira kuti kuli angelo sakanavomereza mfundo yakuti mngelo analankhula ndi Paulo. (Onani bokosi lakuti “ Asaduki ndi Afarisi.”) Zitatero chiphokoso chinakula kwambiri moti mkulu wa asilikali a Roma anabweranso kudzapulumutsa mtumwiyu. (Mac. 23:10) Komabe, sikuti mavuto a Paulo anathera pamenepa. Ndiye kodi zinamuthera bwanji? Tidzamva zambiri m’mutu wotsatira.
a Popeza panali Akhristu ambiri a Chiyuda, n’kutheka kuti panali mipingo yambiri imene inkasonkhana m’nyumba za abale.
b Patapita zaka zingapo, mtumwi Paulo analemba kalata yopita kwa Aheberi ndipo anasonyeza kuti pangano latsopano limaposa pangano lakale. M’kalatayo, iye anafotokoza momveka bwino kuti pangano latsopano linathetsa pangano lakale. Paulo anapereka mfundo zogwira mtima zimene Akhristu a Chiyuda akanagwiritsa ntchito poyankha Ayuda anzawo omwe ankaumirira Chilamulo cha Mose. Komanso mfundo zamphamvu zimene iye anafotokozazo ziyenera kuti zinalimbitsa chikhulupiriro cha Akhristu ena amene poyamba ankaumirirabe Chilamulo cha Mose.—Aheb. 8:7-13.
c Akatswiri ena amanena kuti amunawo anachita lumbiro lokhala Anaziri. (Num. 6:1-21) N’zoona kuti Chilamulo cha Mose chimene chinali ndi mfundo zokhudza lumbiro limenelo chinali chitasiya kugwira ntchito. Komabe, Paulo ayenera kuti anaganiza kuti palibe cholakwika chilichonse ngati amunawo atachita zimene analumbira kwa Yehova. Choncho panalibe cholakwika kuti awalipirire zonse zofunika ndiponso kupita nawo limodzi. Sitikudziwa lumbiro limene anthuwo anachita. Komabe, zikuoneka kuti Paulo sakanawathandiza kuti apereke nsembe ya nyama (ngati mmene Anaziri ankachitira), chifukwa ankadziwa kuti nsembeyo singathandize munthu kukhala oyera ku machimo ake. Nsembe yangwiro ya Khristu inachititsa kuti nsembe za nyama zisakhalenso ndi mphamvu yochotsa machimo. Sitikudziwa zonse zimene Paulo anachita, komabe tikukhulupirira kuti sakanavomera kuchita chilichonse chosemphana ndi chikumbumtima chake.
d Ena amanena kuti Paulo anali ndi vuto la maso limene linamulepheretsa kuzindikira mkulu wa ansembe. Kapena mwina panali patadutsa nthawi yaitali kwambiri atachoka ku Yerusalemu moti mkulu wa ansembe amene analipo pa nthawiyo sankamudziwa. Kapenanso Paulo sanathe kuona bwinobwino munthu amene analamula kuti iye amenyedwe chifukwa panali anthu ambiri.
e Mu 49 C.E., pamene atumwi ndi akulu ankakambirana ngati m’pofunika kuti anthu a mitundu ina azitsatira Chilamulo cha Mose kapena ayi, panali “okhulupirira ena, amene kale anali m’gulu lampatuko la Afarisi.” (Mac. 15:5) Zikuoneka kuti okhulupirira amenewo ankadziwikabe kuti anali Afarisi chifukwa poyamba asanakhale Akhristu anali Afarisi.
