1, 2. Kodi Yesu anatani usiku womaliza pamene anali ndi atumwi ake, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani maola amenewo anali ofunika kwa iye?

 YESU anasonkhanitsa atumwi ake m’chipinda chapamwamba m’nyumba ina ku Yerusalemu, ndipo ankadziwa kuti usiku umenewo unali womaliza kukhala nawo. Nthawi yoti abwerere kwa Atate wake inali itayandikira. Panali patangotsala maola ochepa kuti amangidwe komanso kuti akumane ndi mayesero aakulu amene anali asanakumanepo nawo. Koma ngakhale kuti ankayembekezera kuphedwa, iye anapitiriza kuganizira zinthu zimene atumwi ake ankafunikira.

² Yesu anali atauza kale ophunzira ake kuti watsala pang’ono kubwerera kumwamba, koma panali zinanso zoti awauze kuti awathandize kukhala olimba mtima pa nthawi yovutayi. Choncho pa nthawiyi anawaphunzitsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zimene zikanawathandiza kukhalabe okhulupirika. Mawu amene anawauza anali achikondi ndiponso olimbikitsa kwambiri kuposa mawu ena aliwonse amene anawauzapo. Koma kodi n’chifukwa chiyani Yesu ankadera nkhawa kwambiri atumwi akewo m’malo modzidera nkhawa yekha? N’chifukwa chiyani maola omalizirawo amene Yesu anakhala ndi atumwi ake anali ofunika kwambiri kwa iye? Yankho la mafunso onsewa ndi lakuti iye ankawakonda kwambiri atumwiwo.

3. Tikudziwa bwanji kuti Yesu sanadikire kuti usiku womaliza ufike kuti ayambe kusonyeza chikondi kwa otsatira ake?

³ Patapita zaka zambiri, polemba mouziridwa zimene zinachitika usiku umenewo, mtumwi Yohane anayamba ndi mawu akuti: “Yesu anadziwiratu chikondwerero cha Pasika chisanafike kuti nthawi yake yochoka m’dzikoli kupita kwa Atate yakwana. Ndipo popeza kuti ankakonda otsatira akewo amene anali m’dzikoli, anawakonda mpaka pamapeto a moyo wake.” (Yohane 13:1)  Yesu sanadikire kuti usiku umenewu ufike kuti ayambe kusonyeza chikondi kwa atumwi “akewo.” Pa utumiki wake wonse, anasonyeza m’njira zambiri kuti ankakonda atumwi akewo. Choncho tingachite bwino kuti tione zina mwa njira zimene iye anasonyezera chikondi ndiponso mmene tingamutsanzirire, chifukwa tikamamutsanzira timasonyeza kuti ndife ophunzira ake enieni.

4, 5. (a) N’chifukwa chiyani Yesu ankafunika kukhala woleza mtima pochita zinthu ndi ophunzira ake? (b) Kodi Yesu anachita chiyani atumwi ake atatu atalephera kukhala maso m’munda wa Getsemane?

⁴ Chikondi ndi kuleza mtima zimayendera limodzi. Lemba la 1 Akorinto 13:4 limanena kuti: “Chikondi n’choleza mtima.” Munthu woleza mtima amakhala wopirira ndiponso wosakwiya msanga. Kodi Yesu ankafunika kukhala woleza mtima pochita zinthu ndi ophunzira ake? Inde, chifukwa monga tinaonera m’Mutu 3, atumwiwo zinkawavuta kukhala odzichepetsa. Kangapo konse, iwo ankakangana pa nkhani yoti wamkulu ndi ndani pakati pawo. Kodi Yesu anachita chiyani? Kodi anakwiya n’kuwakalipira mopsa mtima? Ayi sanatero, koma anakambirana nawo moleza mtima, ngakhale pamene “anayamba kukangana kwambiri” za nkhaniyi usiku womalizira weniweni pamene iye anali nawo.​—Luka 22:24-30; Mateyu 20:20-28; Maliko 9:33-37.

⁵ Pa nthawi ina usiku womwewo, Yesu ndi atumwi ake 11 okhulupirika atapita kumunda wa Getsemane, iye anayesedwanso ndipo ankafunika kusonyeza kuleza mtima. Yesu anasiya atumwi 8, ndipo anatenga Petulo, Yakobo ndi Yohane n’kupita nawo mkati mwa mundawo. Ndiyeno anawauza kuti: “Ine ndikumva chisoni chofa nacho. Khalani pompano ndipo mukhalebe maso.” Kenako iye anayenda kupita patsogolo pang’ono n’kuyamba kupemphera mochokera pansi pa mtima. Atapemphera kwa nthawi yaitali, anabwerera kwa atumwi atatu aja. Kodi anawapeza akuchita chiyani? Iye anawapeza akugona pa nthawi yovuta kwambiri ngati imeneyi. Kodi iye anayamba kuwanyoza chifukwa cholephera kukhala maso? Ayi, koma anawalimbikitsa moleza mtima. Mawu okoma mtima amene iye anawauza anasonyeza kuti ankamvetsa kuti iwo  anali ndi nkhawa komanso anali atafooka. a Iye ananena kuti: “Zoona, mzimu ndi wofunitsitsa, koma thupi ndi lofooka.” Yesu anakhalabe woleza mtima usiku umenewo, ngakhale kuti anapeza ophunzirawo akugona, osati kamodzi kokha, koma katatu konse.​—Mateyu 26:36-46.

6. Kodi tingatsanzire bwanji Yesu tikamachita zinthu ndi anthu ena?

⁶ N’zolimbikitsa kuona kuti Yesu sanataye mtima n’kuyamba kuganiza kuti atumwi akewo sangasinthe. Kuleza mtima kwake kunathandiza chifukwa amuna okhulupirika amenewa anaphunzira kufunika kokhalabe maso ndiponso kukhala odzichepetsa. (1 Petulo 3:8; 4:7) Kodi tingatsanzire bwanji Yesu pochita zinthu ndi anthu ena? Makamaka akulu ayenera kukhala oleza mtima. Zili choncho chifukwa Mkhristu angapite kwa mkulu kukamuuza mavuto ake pa nthawi imene mkuluyo watopa kapena wasokonezeka ndi mavuto ake. Nthawi zina, anthu amene apatsidwa uphungu angamazengereze kuutsatira. Komabe, akulu oleza mtima amapereka malangizo “mofatsa” ndiponso ‘amasamalira gulu la nkhosa mwachikondi.’ (2 Timoteyo 2:24, 25; Machitidwe 20:28, 29) Makolo nawonso angachite bwino kutsanzira Yesu pokhala oleza mtima chifukwa nthawi zina ana angachedwe kuyamba kutsatira malangizo amene awapatsa. Ngati makolo ali achikondi komanso oleza mtima, sadzafooka koma adzapitirizabe kuphunzitsa ana awo. Ndithudi makolo akapitiriza kuchita zimenezi moleza mtima, adzapeza madalitso ochuluka.​—Salimo 127:3.

7. Kodi Yesu anachita zinthu ziti zosonyeza kuti ankasamalira ophunzira ake m’njira zosiyanasiyana?

⁷ Munthu amasonyeza chikondi akamachita zinthu mosadzikonda. (1 Yohane 3:17, 18) Chikondi “sichisamala zofuna zake zokha.” (1 Akorinto 13:5) Yesu ankasamalira ophunzira ake m’njira zosiyanasiyana chifukwa anali wachikondi. Kawirikawiri ankawathandiza ngakhale asanamuuze zimene akufuna. Mwachitsanzo,  ataona kuti iwo atopa, Yesu anawauza kuti: “Tipite kwatokha kopanda anthu kuti mukapume pang’ono.” (Maliko 6:31) Ataona kuti ophunzira akewo ali ndi njala, sanadikire kuti achite kumuuza, koma anawapatsa chakudya limodzi ndi anthu ambirimbiri amene anabwera kudzamumvetsera pamene ankaphunzitsa.​—Mateyu 14:19, 20; 15:35-37.

8, 9. (a) N’chiyani chikusonyeza kuti Yesu ankazindikira zosowa zauzimu za ophunzira ake ndipo ankawathandiza? (b) Yesu atapachikidwa pamtengo, kodi anasonyeza bwanji kuti ankadera nkhawa kwambiri mayi ake?

⁸ Yesu ankazindikira zosowa zauzimu za ophunzira ake ndipo ankawathandiza. (Mateyu 4:4; 5:3) Nthawi zambiri akamaphunzitsa, ankaganizira mwapadera ophunzira ake. Mwachitsanzo, cholinga cha ulaliki wa paphiri kwenikweni chinali kufotokoza mfundo zimene zingathandize ophunzira ake. (Mateyu 5:1, 2, 13-16) Iye ankagwiritsa ntchito mafanizo pophunzitsa, koma “kumbali ankafotokoza zinthu zonse kwa ophunzira ake.” (Maliko 4:34) Yesu ananeneratu kuti adzaika “kapolo wokhulupirika komanso wanzeru” kuti azidzapereka chakudya chauzimu kwa otsatira ake m’masiku otsiriza. Kuyambira m’chaka cha 1919 C.E., gulu la kapololi,  lomwe lapangidwa ndi abale a Yesu odzozedwa ndi mzimu padziko lapansi, lakhala likupereka mokhulupirika ‘chakudya chauzimu pa nthawi yoyenera.’​—Mateyu 24:45.

⁹ Pa tsiku limene anaphedwa, Yesu anasonyeza m’njira yapadera kwambiri kuti amadera nkhawa moyo wauzimu wa otsatira ake. Taganizirani mmene zinthu zinalili pa nthawiyo. Yesu anali atapachikidwa pamtengo ndipo ankamva ululu wosaneneka. Kuti athe kupuma bwinobwino, ayenera kuti ankafunika kudziwongola. N’zoonekeratu kuti zimenezi zinachititsa kuti amve ululu kwambiri chifukwa chakuti kulemera kwa thupi lake kunkachititsa kuti mabala a misomali m’mapazi ake aziwonjezeka kukula. Ankamvanso ululu chifukwa msana wake, womwe unali ndi mabala okhaokha, unkakhula mtengowo. Choncho ziyenera kuti zinali zovuta ndi zopweteka kwambiri kuti alankhule chifukwa ankafunika kukoka mpweya wambiri. Komabe Yesu asanafe, ananena mawu osonyeza kuti ankawakonda kwambiri mayi ake, Mariya. Yesu ataona Mariya ndi mtumwi Yohane ataima chapafupi, analankhula ndi mayi akewo momveka bwino moti anthu amene anaima pafupi anamva. Iye anati: “Mayi, kuyambira lero, uyu akhala mwana wanu.” Kenako anauza Yohane kuti: “Kuyambira lero awa akhala mayi ako.” (Yohane 19:26, 27) Yesu ankadziwa kuti  mtumwi wokhulupirikayu adzasamalira Mariya mwauzimu komanso adzamupatsa zinthu zina zofunikira pa moyo wake. b

10. Kodi makolo angatsanzire bwanji Yesu pamene akusamalira ana awo?

¹⁰ Makolo achikondi amaona kuti ndi bwino kuganizira chitsanzo cha Yesu. Bambo amene amakondadi banja lake amapatsa banjalo zinthu zofunika pa moyo. (1 Timoteyo 5:8) Bambo, yemwe ndi mutu wa banja amafuna kuti banja lake lizisangalala ndipo amayesetsa kuti banjalo lizipeza nthawi yopuma komanso yopita kokasangalala. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, makolo a Chikhristu amathandiza ana awo mwauzimu ndipo zimenezi n’zofunika kwambiri. Kodi amachita bwanji zimenezi? Makolowo amayesetsa kuti nthawi zonse banja lonse liziphunzira Baibulo limodzi. Komanso amayesetsa kuti ana awo azisangalala ndiponso azilimbikitsidwa akamaphunzira. (Deuteronomo 6:6, 7) Makolo amaphunzitsanso ana awo kuti aziona kuti kulalikira komanso kukonzekera ndi kukapezeka pamisonkhano ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri polambira Yehova. Makolo amayesetsanso kuwaphunzitsa zimenezi powasonyeza chitsanzo chabwino.​—Aheberi 10:24, 25.

11. Kodi Yesu anaphunzitsa chiyani otsatira ake pa nkhani ya kukhululukira ena?

¹¹ Munthu amene amakhululukira ena amasonyeza kuti ali ndi chikondi. (Akolose 3:13, 14) Lemba la 1 Akorinto 13:5 limanena kuti chikondi “sichisunga zifukwa.” Nthawi zambiri Yesu ankaphunzitsa otsatira ake kufunika kokhululukira ena. Iye anawalimbikitsa kuti azikhululukira ena, “osati maulendo 7 okha ayi, koma mpaka maulendo 77,” kutanthauza mopanda malire. (Mateyu 18:21, 22) Komanso anawaphunzitsa kuti azikhululukira munthu wochimwa yemwe walapa pambuyo podzudzulidwa. (Luka 17:3, 4) Yesu ankachita zimene ankaphunzitsa. Iye sanali ngati Afarisi omwe anali achinyengo amene ankangophunzitsa ndi pakamwa pokha. (Mateyu 23:2-4) Tiyeni tione mmene Yesu anasonyezera kuti ankakhululukira ena mofunitsitsa ngakhale pamene mnzake amene ankamudalira anamukhumudwitsa.

12, 13. (a) Kodi Petulo anakhumudwitsa bwanji Yesu usiku umene anagwidwa? (b) Kodi zimene Yesu anachita ataukitsidwa zikusonyeza bwanji kuti sankangolalikira zoti tizikhululukira ena?

 ¹² Yesu ankagwirizana kwambiri ndi mtumwi Petulo, amene anali wokoma mtima, koma nthawi zina ankachita zinthu mopupuluma. Yesu anaona makhalidwe abwino a Petulo ndipo anamupatsa maudindo ambiri. Petulo, Yakobo ndi Yohane, anali atumwi okhawo amene anaona zozizwitsa zina zimene atumwi ena aja sanazione. (Mateyu 17:1, 2; Luka 8:49-55) Monga taonera kale, Petulo anali mmodzi wa atumwi amene anapita ndi Yesu mkati mwa munda wa Getsemane usiku umene Yesuyo anagwidwa. Koma usiku womwewo, pamene Yesu anaperekedwa n’kugwidwa ndi adani ake, Petulo ndi atumwi ena aja anathawa n’kumusiya yekha. Patapita nthawi, Petulo anasonyeza kulimba mtima ndipo anaima panja pa nthawi imene Yesu ankaimbidwa mlandu womunamizira. Kenako Petulo anachita mantha ndipo anachita chinthu chimene sankayenera kuchita. Katatu konse, iye anakanitsitsa kwa mtu wagalu kuti samudziwa Yesu. (Mateyu 26:69-75) Kodi Yesu anatani? Kodi inuyo mukanatani mnzanu wapamtima atakukhumudwitsani mwanjira imeneyi?

¹³ Yesu anali wokonzeka kukhululukira Petulo. Iye ankadziwa kuti Petulo anali ndi chisoni kwambiri chifukwa cha tchimo lakelo. Ndipotu mtumwiyu analapa chifukwa “anamva chisoni n’kuyamba kulira.” (Maliko 14:72) Pa tsiku limene Yesu anaukitsidwa, anaonekera kwa Petulo. N’zosakayikitsa kuti anachita zimenezi pofuna kulimbikitsa mtumwiyu ndiponso kumutsimikizira kuti amamukonda. (Luka 24:34; 1 Akorinto 15:5) Pasanathe miyezi iwiri, Yesu analemekeza Petulo pomulola kuti atsogolere ena pochitira umboni ku gulu la anthu amene anasonkhana ku Yerusalemu pa tsiku la Pentekosite. (Machitidwe 2:14-40) Koma tikumbukirenso kuti Yesu sanasungire chakukhosi atumwi onsewo ngakhale kuti anamuthawa n’kumusiya yekha, chifukwa ataukitsidwa, ankawatchulabe kuti “abale anga.” (Mateyu 28:10) Apatu n’zoonekeratu kuti Yesu sankangolalikira zoti tizikhululukira ena, koma anasonyeza mmene tingachitire zimenezi.

14. N’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kuphunzira kukhululukira ena, nanga tingasonyeze bwanji kuti ndife okonzeka kukhululuka?

¹⁴ Popeza ndife ophunzira a Khristu, tiyenera kuphunzira kukhululukira  ena. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa chakuti mosiyana ndi Yesu ifeyo komanso anthu amene angatilakwirewo si angwiro. Nthawi zambiri tonsefe timapunthwa m’mawu ndi zochita zathu. (Aroma 3:23; Yakobo 3:2) Tikamakhululukira ena pakakhala zifukwa zomveka zowasonyezera chifundo, zimathandiza kuti ifenso Mulungu atikhululukire machimo athu. (Maliko 11:25) Koma kodi tingasonyeze bwanji kuti ndife okonzeka kukhululukira anthu amene atilakwira? Nthawi zambiri, chikondi chimatithandiza kunyalanyaza machimo ndiponso zolakwa zing’onozing’ono za ena. (1 Petulo 4:8) Munthu amene watichimwira akalapa moona mtima ngati mmene Petulo anachitira, tiyenera kumukhululukira mofunitsitsa ngati mmene Yesu ankachitira. M’malo mosunga chakukhosi, timachita zinthu mwanzeru posankha kukhululukira ena. (Aefeso 4:32) Tikamachita zimenezi timalimbikitsa mtendere mumpingo komanso zimatithandiza kuti tikhale ndi mtendere mumtima.​—1 Petulo 3:11.

15. N’chifukwa chiyani Yesu ankakhulupirira ophunzira ake ngakhale kuti iwo ankalakwitsa zinthu?

¹⁵ Chikondi chimayendera limodzi ndi kukhulupirira ena. Ndipo Malemba amati chikondi “chimakhulupirira zinthu zonse.” c (1 Akorinto 13:7) Chifukwa cha chikondi chimene anali nacho, Yesu anasonyeza kuti ankakhulupirira ophunzira ake ngakhale kuti ankalakwitsa zinthu zina. Iye ankawadalira ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti amakonda Yehova ndi mtima wonse ndipo amafunadi kuchita zimene Mulungu amafuna. Ophunzirawo akalakwitsa zinthu, Yesu sankawakayikira n’kumaganiza kuti ali ndi zolinga zoipa. Mwachitsanzo, mtumwi Yakobo ndi Yohane atatuma mayi awo kuti akapemphe Yesu kuti adzakhale naye pafupi mu Ufumu wake, Yesu sanayambe kuwakayikira n’kumawaona ngati anthu osakhulupirika ndiponso sanawachotse m’gulu la atumwi ake.​—Mateyu 20:20-28.

16, 17. Kodi Yesu anapereka maudindo otani kwa ophunzira ake?

 ¹⁶ Posonyeza kuti ankakhulupirira ena, Yesu anagawirako ophunzira ake ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo maulendo awiri, pamene anachulukitsa chakudya mozizwitsa n’kudyetsa gulu la anthu, anapereka kwa ophunzira ake udindo wogawa chakudyacho. (Mateyu 14:19; 15:36) Pokonzekera mwambo wake womaliza wa Pasika, iye anatuma Petulo ndi Yohane kuti apite ku Yerusalemu kukachita zonse zokonzekera mwambo umenewu. Iwo anaonetsetsa kuti apeza mwana wa nkhosa, vinyo, mikate yopanda zofufumitsa, masamba owawa ndiponso chilichonse chimene chinkafunika pa mwambowu. Imeneyi sinali ntchito yaing’ono chifukwa chakuti Chilamulo cha Mose chinkafuna kuti mwambo wa Pasika uzichitika m’njira yonenera, ndipo Yesu anafunika kuchita zinthu zogwirizana ndi Chilamulocho. Komanso usiku womwewo, poyambitsa Chikumbutso cha imfa yake, Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito vinyo ndi mikate yopanda zofufumitsa monga zizindikiro zofunika.​—Mateyu 26:17-19; Luka 22:8, 13.

¹⁷ Yesu anaona kuti n’koyenera kupatsa ophunzira ake ntchito zina zofunika kwambiri. Kumbukirani kuti Yesu anapereka kwa ophunzira ake ntchito yaikulu yolalikira ndi kuphunzitsa anthu ena kuti nawonso akhale ophunzira ake. (Mateyu 28:18-20) Monga mmene taonera kale, iye ananeneratu kuti adzapatsa kagulu kakang’ono ka otsatira ake odzozedwa padziko lapansi ntchito yofunika kwambiri yopereka chakudya chauzimu. (Luka 12:42-44) Panopa, ngakhale kuti Yesu sitingamuone ndipo akulamulira kumwamba, wapereka udindo wosamalira mpingo wake padziko lapansi kwa amuna oyenerera amene ‘anawapereka kuti akhale mphatso.’​—Aefeso 4:8, 11, 12.

18-20. (a) Kodi tingasonyeze bwanji kuti timakhulupirira ndiponso kudalira Akhristu anzathu? (b) Kodi tingatsanzire bwanji Yesu amene ankakonda kugawira ena ntchito? (c) Kodi m’mutu wotsatira tidzakambirana chiyani?

¹⁸ Kodi tingatsanzire bwanji Yesu pamene tikuchita zinthu ndi ena? Tikamakhulupirira Akhristu anzathu ndi kuwadalira timasonyeza kuti timawakonda. Tizikumbukira kuti munthu wachikondi amaona zabwino zimene ena akuchita, osati zimene akulakwitsa. Tikudziwa kuti nthawi zina anthu ena akhoza kutikhumudwitsa, koma ngati tili ndi chikondi sitidzafulumira kuganiza kuti ali ndi  zolinga zoipa. (Mateyu 7:1, 2) Tikamaona Akhristu anzathu moyenera, tidzachita zinthu zowalimbikitsa osati zowafooketsa.​—1 Atesalonika 5:11.

¹⁹ Tiyenera kutsanzira Yesu amene ankakonda kugawira ena ntchito. N’zothandiza kwambiri ngati abale amene ali ndi maudindo mumpingo amapatsako ena ntchito zoyenerera komanso zimene angakwanitse n’kumakhulupirira kuti zonse ziyenda bwino. Pochita zimenezi, akulu amene akhala m’maudindo amenewa kwa nthawi yaitali angathandize achinyamata amene “akuyesetsa kuti akhale” pa udindo mumpingo. Iwo angawaphunzitse zinthu zofunika ndiponso zothandiza kwambiri kuti adzathe kugwira bwino ntchito za mumpingo. (1 Timoteyo 3:1; 2 Timoteyo 2:2) Kuphunzitsa achinyamata mwanjira imeneyi n’kofunika kwambiri. Pamene Yehova akupitiriza kutithandiza kuti ntchito yokhudza Ufumu wake ipite patsogolo, m’pofunika kuphunzitsa abale kuti akhale oyenerera kusamalira mipingo imene ikupitiriza kuwonjezeka.​—Yesaya 60:22.

²⁰ Yesu anatipatsa chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri pa nkhani yosonyeza ena chikondi. Pa njira zonse zimene tingamutsanzirire, palibe njira yofunika kwambiri kuposa kukonda ena. M’mutu wotsatira, tidzakambirana zimene anachita popereka moyo wake mofunitsitsa. Imeneyi ndi njira yaikulu imene Yesu anasonyezera kuti amatikonda kwambiri.