Kuba Anthu—Malonda Oopsa

“KUBA anthu n’kosiyana ndi kuba katundu. Ndi mchitidwe woipa, wankhanza, ndiponso wosaganizira ena umene umakhudza banja, lomwe lili gulu la anthu lofunika kwambiri.” Anatero Mark Bles, m’buku lake lotchedwa The Kidnap Business (Malonda a Kuba Anthu). Kuba munthu kumachititsa achibale ake kuwawidwa mtima kopweteketsa mutu. Panthaŵi ina amakhala ndi chiyembekezo ndipo nthaŵi ina amataya mtima ndiponso amadzimva monga olakwa, kudana nazo, ndiponso sadziŵa chochita. Mavuto ameneŵa mwina angathe masiku, milungu, miyezi ndipo nthaŵi zina, mpaka zaka.

Chifukwa chofunitsitsa ndalama, oba anthu amapezerera mabanja chifukwa amamva chisoni. Gulu la oba anthu linakakamiza munthu amene linaba kuti alembe mawu otsatirawa m’kalata kwa ofalitsa nkhani: “Ndikupempha ofalitsa nkhani onse kuti afalitse zili m’kalatayi kulikonse, kuti ndikapanda kumasulidwa olakwa sakhala ondiba okhawa komanso a m’banja mwanga amene asonyeza kuti amakonda ndalama koposa ine.” Oba anthu a ku Italy akhala akukakamiza anthu kuti apereke ndalama zoombolera wobedwa pom’dulako ziwalo zake ndi kuzitumiza kwa achibale ake kapena ku siteshoni za TV. Woba anthu wina wa ku Mexico ankazunza obedwa uku akukambirana ndi abale awo pa telefoni.

Koma oba anthu ena, amafuna kunyengerera amene awaba. Mwachitsanzo, ku Phillipines munthu wina wabizinesi amene anabedwa anaikidwa m’hotela yapamwamba mu mzinda wa Manila, kumene omubawo anali kumupatsa moŵa ndiponso kumusangalatsa ndi mahule mpaka pamene ndalama zomuombolera zinaperekedwa. Komabe, obedwa ambiri amawatsekera ndipo sasamalira thanzi lawo kapenanso ukhondo wawo. Ambiri a iwo amachitidwa nkhanza. Mulimonsemo, wogwidwayo amavutika ndi mantha aakulu chifukwa sadziŵa chimene chimuchitikire.

Kuthana ndi Kusokonezeka Maganizo

Ngakhale ogwidwa amasulidwe, angakhalebe ovutika m’maganizo. Namwino wa ku Sweden amene anabedwa ku Somalia ananena maganizo awa: “Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuposa zonse n’chimodzi. Uyenera kukambirana ndi anzako ndiponso achibale ndiponso uyenera  kuthandizidwa ndi akatswiri ngati kuli kofunika.”

Akatswiri okhazikitsa maganizo pansi apanga njira yothandizira anthu amene anagwidwa. Njira yake ndiyakuti azikambirana zimene anakumana nazo ndi akatswiri ena, kwa kanthaŵi kochepa pa ulendo uliwonse ndipo azitero asanakumane ndi achibale ndiponso asanayambe kukhala moyo wanthaŵi zonse. “Chithandizo chokhazikitsa maganizo pansi choperekedwa utangomasulidwa chimathandiza kuti munthu asapenge,” akutero Rigmor Gillberg, katswiri wa chithandizo chokhazikitsa maganizo panthaŵi yamavuto wa m’bungwe la Red Cross.

Zotsatirapo Zina

Ogwidwa ndiponso achibale awo si okhawo amene amakhudzidwa ndi kuba anthu. Kuopa kubedwa kungaimitse ntchito yokopa alendo ndipo kungachepetse kuchita malonda; kumachititsanso anthu kukhala amantha. M’miyezi yoŵerengeka chabe m’chaka cha 1997, makampani asanu ndi imodzi akunja anachoka ku Phillipines chifukwa choopa mchitidwe woba anthu. Mayi wina wa chifilipino amene amagwira ntchito m’gulu lotchedwa Nzika Zolimbana ndi Umbava anadandaula ponena kuti: “Tikukhala mwamantha kwambiri.”

Nkhani ina m’nyuzipepala yotchedwa Arizona Republic inati: “Akuluakulu a ku Mexico ali ndi mantha aakulu kwambiri chifukwa choopa mchitidwe woba anthu, ndipo n’zomveka.” Magazini ya ku Brazil yotchedwa Veja inati ana a ku Brazil amaona oba anthu ndiponso mbava monga oloŵa m’malo mwa zilombo zoopsa zosimbidwa m’nthano. Ku Taiwan, kupeŵa kubedwa kumaphunzitsidwa kusukulu, ndipo ku United States, m’masukulu a mkaka aikamo makamera a chitetezo kuti apeŵe mchitidwe woba anthu.

 Kufala kwa Magulu a Zachitetezo

Kuchuluka kwa mchitidwe wa kuba anthu ndiponso nkhani zovuta zimene umayambitsa kwachititsa kuti pakhale mabungwe ambiri a zachitetezo. Ku Brazil, mumzinda wa Rio de Janeiro muli mabungwe oterewa okwana 500, ndipo amapeza ndalama zokwana madola 1.8 biliyoni.

Mabungwe a zachitetezo opezeka m’mayiko osiyanasiyana, amaphunzitsa kupeŵa kubedwa, amafalitsa malipoti osonyeza malo oopsa, ndipo amakambirana za ndalama zoombolera obedwa. Amalangiza mabanja ndiponso makampani, powaphunzitsa machenjera a akuba ndi kuwathandiza kuti asavutike nazo maganizo. Ogwidwa uja akamasulidwa mabungwe ena amayesa kugwira akubawo ndi kuwalanda ndalama zoombolerazo. Komabe, ntchito yawo si yaulele.

Ngakhale kuti pali zoyesayesa zonsezi, mchitidwe wa kuba anthu ukufala m’mayiko ambiri. Ponenapo za mchitidwewu m’mayiko a ku Latin America, Richard Johnson, amene ali wachiŵiri kwa woyang’anira kampani yotchedwa Seitlin & Company, anati: “Aliyense angaone kuti m’tsogolo muno kuba anthu kufala zedi.”

Zimene Zikukufalitsa

Akatswiri akuti pali zifukwa zambiri zimene zikuchititsa kuti mchitidwewu ufale. M’madera ena n’chifukwa cha umphaŵi. Munthu wina wogwira ntchito yothandiza anthu pamavuto a mwadzidzidzi m’dera la Nal’chik, m’dziko la Russia ananena kuti: “Njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera ndalama ndi yomwe yatchukayi, ya kuba anthu.” M’mayiko ena a mumgwirizano wakale wa mayiko a Soviet, akuti akumaba anthu kuti apezere ndalama magulu a nkhondo a atsogoleri ena.

Anthu ochuluka masiku ano akuyenda maulendo okachita bizinesi kapena kukayendera malo koposa n’kale lonse, motero akupatsa oba anthu njira yatsopano yopezera anthu owaba. Chiŵerengero cha alendo obedwa chakwera moŵirikiza m’zaka zisanu. Pakati pa 1991 ndi 1997, anthu oyendera malo anabedwa m’mayiko okwana 26.

Kodi oba anthu ambiri chonchi amachokera kuti? Nkhondo zina zikumka zichepa, ndipo amene anali asilikali akusoŵa ntchito, motero akusoŵa ndalama. Anthu ameneŵa ali ndi maluso onse ofunika kuti ayambe malonda opindulitsawa.

Mofananamo, kukhwimitsa kwambiri chitetezo m’mabanki kuti asabemo ndiponso kuletsedwa kwa malonda a mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwachititsa mbava kuyamba kuba anthu monga njira ina yopezera ndalama. Mike Ackerman, amene ndi katswiri woona nkhani za kuba anthu, analongosola kuti: “Pakuti tachititsa  kuba katundu kukhala kovuta kwambiri kulikonse, zimenezi zayambitsa kuba anthu.” Kufalitsa ndalama zoombolera zochulukazo, kungakopenso ena amene angathe kuyamba kuba anthu. Nkhani ina ya ku Mexico imene inafalitsidwa kwambiri inachititsa kuti wolemba wina Ann Hagedorn Auerbach anenepo kuti: “Kutero kunali ngati kuuza chiuli kuti pakuti pali uchi.”

Zolinga Sizikhala Zofanana Nthaŵi Zonse

Oba anthu ambiri safuna china ayi koma ndalama basi. Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zoombolera zimene amafuna kumasiyanasiyana. Zingakhale zochepa chabe koma pena zingakhale zambiri, monga madola 60 miliyoni amene anaperekedwa kuti awombolere munthu wina wolemera wa ku Hong Kong amene sanamasulidwe ngakhale kuti ndalamazo anazipereka.

Koma oba anthu ena amaba anthu chifukwa chofuna kufalitsa nkhani, kupeza chakudya, mankhwala, mawailesi, ndiponso magalimoto ndi sukulu, misewu komanso zipatala. Bwana wina anabedwa ku Asia ndipo anamasulidwa pamene omubawo anapatsidwa mayunifomu a mpira ndiponso mipira. Magulu ena amaba anthu kuti awopseze a malonda ochokera kunja ndiponso alendo oyendera malo, n’cholinga chochepetsa kuwonongeka kwa nthaka ndiponso zinthu zachilengedwe.

Motero pali zifukwa zambiri, pali njira zambiri, ndiponso pali anthu ambiri amene angathe kuyamba kuba anthu kapena kubedwa. Kodi njira zothetsera mchitidwewu n’zambirinso? Kodi zina mwa izo n’ziti, ndipo kodi zingathetsedi vutoli? Tisanayankhe mafunso ameneŵa, tiyeni tione kaye zifukwa zenizeni zimene zachititsa kufala kotereku kwa malonda oba anthu.

[Bokosi patsamba 21]

Ngati Mutabedwa

Anthu amene afufuza nkhaniyi bwinobwino akupereka malangizo otsatiraŵa kwa anthu amene angabedwe.

• Khalani omvera, peŵani kuchita makani. Obedwa amene amachita makani nthaŵi zambiri amavutitsidwa kwambiri, ndipo amakhala pangozi yaikulu yakuphedwa kapena kuwalanga mwapadera.

• Osachita mantha mopitirira. Kumbukirani kuti ambiri amene amabedwa amapulumuka.

• Pezani njira yakuti muzitha kudziŵa nthaŵi.

• Yesani kukhala ndi chizoloŵezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku.

• Chitani maseŵera olimbitsa thupi ngakhale kuti simungakhale ndi mwayi wopita kutali.

• Khalani atcheru; yesani kuloŵeza zinthu zimene mu kuona, phokoso lililonse, ndiponso fungo. Dziŵani bwino maonekedwe a amene akubani.

• Ngati n’kotheka kambani nawo nkhani zinazake kuti muzilankhulana. Ngati akuba ameneŵa atakudziŵani monga adziŵira munthu aliyense, n’zokayikitsa kuti angakupheni.

• Adziŵitseni mwaulemu zimene mukufuna.

• Musayese kukambirana nawo za ndalama zokuombolerani.

• Ngati mutaona kuti pali kalikiliki wofuna kukuombolani, gonani pansi ndipo ingodikirani, mpaka zonse zichitike.

[Bokosi patsamba 22]

Inshuwalansi ya Kubedwa​—⁠Nkhani Yovuta Zedi

Malonda ena amene akufala chifukwa cha mchitidwe woba anthu ndiwo inshuwalansi. M’kampani ya Lloyd’s of London malonda a Inshuwalansi ya kubedwa akhala akukwera ndi 50 peresenti chaka chilichonse m’zaka za m’ma 1990. Pali makampani ambirimbiri amene ayamba kugulitsa inshuwalansi yotereyi. Inshuwalansiyi imagwira ntchito polipirira katswiri wotsata nkhani za kuba anthu, kulipirira ndalama zoombolera, ndipo nthaŵi zina kulipirira akatswiri oyesa kufufuza kuti alande ndalamazo. Komabe, nkhani ya inshuwalansi n’njovuta zedi.

Otsutsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa inshuwalansi ya kubedwayi amati imachititsa kuti umbava umenewu ukhale malonda ndiponso amati si bwino kupeza phindu chifukwa cha mchitidwe wa kuba anthu. Iwo amanenanso kuti munthu amene analipira inshuwalansiyi angamachite dala zinthu monyalanyaza chitetezo chake ndipo inshuwalansiyo ingachititse kuti pakhale ndalama zolipirira ntchito yoba anthuyi, potero n’kuipititsa patsogolo. Anthu ena mpaka amaopa kuti kupezeka kwa inshuwalansi kungalimbikitse anthu kuti akonze zoti wina awabe n’cholinga choti apate ndalama za inshuwalansizo. Inshuwalansi ya kubedwa n’njoletsedwa ku Colom­bia, Germany, ndiponso ku Italy.

Anthu amene amagwirizana nayo inshuwalansi ya kubedwa amanena kuti monga mmene ilili inshuwalansi iliyonse, imachititsa kuti anthu ambiri alipire zinthu zochepa. Iwo amati inshuwalansi imachititsa munthu kukhala m’podalira, chifukwa mabanja ndiponso makampani okhala ndi inshuwalansi, amakwanitsa kulipira akatswiri owathandiza, amene amawalimbitsa mtima, ndiponso kuwathandiza kunenerera ndalama zoombolera wobedwayo, ndiponso kuti zikhale zosavuta kwambiri kugwira akubawo.

[Bokosi patsamba 23]

Vuto la ku Stockholm

Mu 1974 kubedwa kwa Patty Hearst, mwana wamkazi wa mpondamakwacha wina wotchedwa Randolph Hearst amene anali ndi kampani yolemba nyuzipepala, kunachititsa zinthu zodabwitsa pamene mwanayo anagwirizana ndi akubawo ndipo n’kumaba nawo limodzi moopseza ndi mfuti. Palinso nkhani ina ya woseŵera mpira wina wa ku Spain amene anabedwa ndipo anakhululukira akubawo ndi kuwafunira mafuno abwino.

Kumayambiriro kwa m’ma 1970, nkhani zoterezi zinatchulidwa kuti Vuto la ku Stockholm, chifukwa cha zodabwitsa zimene zinachitika m’banki ya mumzinda wa Stockholm, ku Sweden mu 1973. Kumeneko anthu ena amene anabedwa anakhala pa ubwenzi ndi akubawo. Kugwirizana kotereku kwathandiza kuteteza anthu obedwa, monga mmene buku lakuti Criminal Behavior (Khalidwe la Umbava) limalongosolera kuti: “Obedwa ndi wakuba akayamba kudziŵana amayambanso kukondana. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, n’zokayikitsa kuti wakubayo angavulaze wobedwayo.”

Mkazi wochokera ku England amene amakhala ku Chechnya anagwiriridwa ndipo ananena kuti: “Ndikukhulupirira kuti pamene mlondayo anandidziŵa monga adziŵira munthu aliyense, anazindikira kuti sibwino kundigwiririra. Kenaka anasiya kundigwiririra ndipo

[Chithunzi patsamba 20]

Munthu akabedwa achibale ake amadandaula, ndiponso mtima umawapweteka kwambiri

[Chithunzi patsamba 21]

Obedwa amafuna kuwalimbikitsa

[Chithunzi patsamba 23]

Obedwa ambiri amawatsekera ndipo sawasamalira thanzi lawo kapenanso ukhondo wawo