Chinsinsi Chosaululidwa

“Palibe aliyense amene adzakhala kapolo kapena kukhala womangika: ukapolo limodzi ndi malonda a mtundu uliwonse ogulitsa akapolo zidzaletsedwa.”—Chikalata Cha Mfundo Zazikulu Za Ufulu Wachibadwidwe.

NTHAŴI ina mukamadzathira shuga mu khofi wanu, dzakumbukireni za munthu wotchedwa Prevot, wa ku Haiti amene analonjezedwa kukagwira ntchito yabwino ku dziko lina la ku Caribbean. M’malomwake, anagulitsidwa pa mtengo wa madola asanu ndi atatu.

Prevot anaona tsoka limenenso amakumana nalo akapolo zikwizikwi akudziko lakwawo amene akukakamizidwa kudula nzimbe kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena miyezi yambirimbiri powalipira ndalama zochepa kapena osawalipira n’komwe. Akapolo ameneŵa amaikidwa m’malo opanikizana komanso auve kwambiri. Akawalanda katundu wawo, amawapatsa zikwanje. Kuti apeza chakudya, amayenera kugwira ntchito. Ngati atayesera kuthawa, angathe kumenyedwa.

Taganizirani za Lin-Lin, mtsikana wa kumwera chakum’maŵa kwa Asia. Iye anali ndi zaka 13 zokha pamene mayi ake anamwalira. Bungwe lina lopezera anthu ntchito linamugula kwa bambo ake pamtengo wa madola 480 ndipo linamulonjeza kuti akagwira ntchito yabwino. Ndalama zimene anamugula nazo ananena kuti zinali “ndalama za katapila zodzachotsedwa kumalipiro ake.” Iyi inali njira yotsimikizira kuti iye akakhala kapolo kwa mabwana ake atsopano mpaka kalekale. M’malo momupatsa ntchito yabwino, Lin-Lin anam’tengera kunyumba yosungirako mahule kumene anthu ogonana naye amalipira bwana wake ndalama zokwana madola anayi pa ola lililonse. Lin-Lin ndi mkaidi weniweni, chifukwa chakuti sangachoke kufikira atalipira ngongole yake. Ngongoleyo ikuphatikizapo ndalama zomwe mwininyumba ya mahuleyo anam’gulira ndiponso chiwongola dzanja cha katapira chija ngakhalenso ndalama zom’sungira. Ngati Lin-Lin atakana kuchita zimene bwana wake akufuna, angamumenye kapena kum’zunza. Choipa koposa n’chakuti, ngati atayesa kuthawa, iye angaphedwe.

Kodi Pali Ufulu kwa Onse?

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ukapolo kulibenso. N’zoona kuti, atachita misonkhano yambirimbiri, kukonza makalata a mfundo zazikulu ndiponso malamulo, mayiko ambiri analengeza kuti auchotseratu mwalamulo. Kulikonse amatchula motsimikiza kuti amadana ndi ukapolo. Malamulo amayiko amaletsa ukapolo, ndipo umboni wa kuchotsedwa kwake wasungidwa mwapadera m’mabuku amalamulo amayiko onse makamaka m’Nkhani 4 ya m’Chikalata cha Mfundo Zazikulu za Ufulu wa Chibadwidwe cha m’1948, imene mawu ake tawalemba pamwambapa.

Komabe, ukapolo udakalipo ndipo ukukulabe, ngakhale kuti kwa ena ndi nkhani yachinsinsi imene siinaululidwe. Kuchoka ku Phnom Penh mpaka ku Paris, kuchoka ku Mumbai kufika ku Brasília, anthu anzathu miyandamiyanda—amuna, akazi ndi ana, akuumirizidwa kukhala ndi moyo komanso kugwira ntchito monga akapolo kapena mumkhalidwe waukapolo. Bungwe lakale kwambiri lapadziko lonse lolimbana ndi ukapolo lotchedwa Anti-Slavery International, lomwe lili ku London, limanena kuti anthu amene ali muukapolo alipo ochuluka kwadzaoneni. Ndithudi, mwina pali akapolo ambiri padziko lonse lerolino kuposa n’kale lonse!

N’zoonadi, ukapolo wamasiku ano simungaudziŵe mwakuona zinthu zotchuka pa ukapolo monga nsinga, zikoti, ndiponso misika yobetcherana. Kukakamizidwa kugwira ntchito, ukwati wopondereza, kumangika ndi ngongole, kugwiritsa ana ntchito, ndiponso nthaŵi zambiri uhule ndiyo ili mitundu ina chabe ya mitundu yambiri yodziŵika ya ukapolo umene uliko. Akapolo angakhale adzakazi, oyendetsa ngamira, odula nzimbe, oluka zinthu kapena okonza misewu. N’zoona kuti, anthu ambiri sakugulitsidwa m’misika yobetcherana ya anthu onse, komabe sikuti iwo zinthu zikuwayendera bwinopo kusiyana ndi mmene analili akapolo anzawo akale ayi. Nthaŵi zina miyoyo yawo imakhala pamavuto oopsa koposa akale aja.

Kodi ndani amasanduka akapolo? Kodi iwo amakhala bwanji akapolo? Kodi chikuchitika n’chiyani kuti athandizidwe? Kodi pali chiyembekezo chakuti ukapolo udzatheratu?

 [Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 4]

KODI UKAPOLO WAMAKONO N’CHIYANI?

Limeneli ndi funso lomwe ngakhale a bungwe la United Nations avutika nalo kwa zaka zambiri poyesa kuliyankha. Tanthauzo lina la ukapolo n’lomwe linapangidwa ku Msonkhano wa Ukapolo wa m’1926, lakuti: “Ukapolo ndi mkhalidwe wa munthu amene ali ngati katundu wa munthu wina wokhala ndi ulamuliro wonse pa katunduyo.” Komabe, mawuŵa angathe kumasuliridwa m’njira zinanso. Malinga ndi zomwe mtolankhani wina dzina lake Barbara Crossette ananena, “ukapolo ndi mawu otanthauza anthu amene amalandira malipiro ochepa m’mafakitale akunja opanga zovala komanso mafakitale ogwiritsa anthu ntchito yaikulu koma ndalama zochepa a ku mizinda ya ku America. Mawuŵa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsutsa malonda achiwerewere ndiponso ntchito yaukayidi.”

Mike Dottridge, yemwe ndi mkulu wa bungwe lolimbana ndi ukapolo la Anti-Slavery International, akukhulupirira kuti “chifukwa chakuti ukapolo ukuoneka kuti ukuchitidwa m’njira zatsopano, kapena chifukwa chakuti liwuli layamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m’nkhani zina zambiri, n’zotheka kuti tanthauzo lake lidzasukuluka kapena kutha kumene.” Iye akuganiza kuti “ukapolo ndi mawu otanthauza mchitidwe wosunga kapena kulamulira moyo wa munthu wina.” Umaphatikizapo kukakamiza ndiponso kuletsa munthu kupita kwinakwake. Apa mfundo n’njakuti “munthu alibe ufulu wochoka ndipo sangakafunsire ntchito kwa munthu wina.”

A. M. Rosenthal analemba m’nyuzipepala yotchedwa The New York Times kuti: “Akapolo amakhala moyo waukapolo, ntchito yakalavulagaga, kugwiriridwa, njala, kuzunzidwa, kuchotsedwa ulemu wonse.” Iye anawonjezera kuti: “Kapolo amagulidwa ndi ndalama zokwana madola makumi asanu basi, choncho [ogulawo] alibe nazo kanthu kuti kaya akapolowo adzakhala ndi moyo nthaŵi yaitali bwanji asanakataye mitembo yawo mumtsinje.”

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Ricardo Funari