Kodi Makhalidwe ndi Otani Lerolino?

Tsiku lina m’maŵa m’April 1999, m’tauni ya Littleton, pafupi ndi Denver, Colorado, U.S.A., munali chipolowe. Anyamata aŵiri ovala makhoti akuda amatumba ataliatali anafika pasukulu yasekondale ya m’deralo ndi kuyamba kuwombera ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi. Analinso kuphulitsa mabomba. Ophunzira 12 ndi mphunzitsi mmodzi anaphedwa, ndipo oposa 20 anavulala. Atamaliza kupha kwachisawawako, anyamatawo anadzipha okha. Anali azaka zakubadwa 17 ndi 18 zokha ndipo ankada kwambiri magulu ena a anthu.

N’ZACHISONI kuti zitsanzo zimene zatchulidwa pamwambapa si zinthu zachilendo. Manyuzipepala, mawailesi wamba, ndi mawailesi akanema amaulutsa zochitika zofananazo padziko lonse. Malinga ndi zimene anena a bungwe la National Center for Education Statistics akuti, mu 1997 m’sukulu za ku America munachitika zipolowe zogwiritsira ntchito zida pafupifupi 11,000. Mu 1997 ku Hamburg, Germany, malipoti a zipolowe anawonjezereka ndi 10 peresenti, ndipo 44 peresenti ya anthu amene amawakayikira kuti ndiwo ankachita zimenezi anali anyamata osakwanitsa zaka 21 zakubadwa.

Kulandira ziphuphu n’kofala pakati pa anthu andale ndi akuluakulu a boma. Mu 1998 lipoti la mkulu wa bungwe la European  Union (EU) Anita Gradin linasonyeza kuti ndalama zowonongedwa popereka ziphuphu m’bungwe la EU m’chaka cha 1997 zinali zokwana madola 1.4 biliyoni. Zimenezi zinaphatikizapo zonse kungoyambira kulola magalimoto opanda chilolezo kudutsa ndiponso kulandira zinthu zaulimi kapena ndalama zina za bungwe la EU mwachinyengo. Kulandira ndalama zambiri mwachinyengo ndi kuzembetsa zida zankhondo ndiponso mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zakhala zikuloledwa, ndipo anthu olakwira malamulo akhala akupereka ziphuphu kwa ogwira ntchito ku EU kuti asaulule m’chitidwewu kwa aliyense. Akuluakulu onse a m’bungwe la EU anasiya ntchito mu 1999.

Komabe, si amaudindo apamwamba okha amene amachita chinyengo. Lipoti la EU lonena za ogwira ntchito mopanda chilolezo, linasonyeza kuti 16 peresenti ya ndalama za katundu ndi ntchito zonse zimene EU imapanga pachaka, zimaphatikizapo ndalama za mabizinesi amene sali olembetsedwa mwalamulo ndi amene sakhoma misonkho. Ku Russia malonda osaloledwa achitiridwa lipoti kuti afika 50 peresenti ya chiŵerengero chonse pamodzi. Komanso, ku United States, bungwe la Association of Certified Fraud Examiners linanena kuti makampani a ku America amawononga kwambiri madola oposa 400 biliyoni pachaka chifukwa chakuti antchito awo amaba ndalama kapena katundu wa kampaniyo.

Intaneti yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ambiri ogona ana amene amafuna kunamiza ana ndiponso akulu kuti achite nawo chigololo. Malinga ndi zimene ananena woimira bungwe la thandizani ana la Save the Children ku Sweden, akuti pali madandaulo ambiri onena za kuonetsa ana maliseche pa Intaneti. Ku Norway mu 1997, bungwe limeneli linalandira malangizo okwanira 1,883 oneza za kuonetsa ana maliseche pa Malo Achidziŵitso a pa Intaneti. Chaka chotsatiracho chiŵerengero cha malangizo ameneŵa chinakula zedi kufika pafupifupi 5,000. Zambiri mwa zinthu zimenezi zimakonzedwa m’mayiko amene maboma kapena akuluakulu a boma sangathe kuletsa m’chitidwe woipawu.

Kodi Makhalidwe Anali Abwinoko Kalelo?

Anthu ambiri amene sakondwera ndi kuipa kwa makhalidwe m’dziko lerolino angaganizire za kale n’kumalakalaka m’gwirizano umene unalipo m’masiku a makolo awo kapena a agogo awo. Mwinamwake anamvapo kuti anthu kalelo ankakhala mwabata ndiponso kuti chilungamo komanso mbali zina za makhalidwe abwino zinkaonedwa kukhala zofunika kwambiri pakati pa anthu onse. N’kutheka kuti anthu achikulire ananenapo za nthaŵi imene anthu ogwira ntchito molimbika ankathandizana, mabanja anali olimba, pamene achinyamata anali otetezeka ndiponso kupeza chithandizo m’mafamu a makolo awo kapena m’malo awo antchito ya manja.

Zimenezi zimabweretsa mafunso akuti: Kodi makhalidwe a anthu analidi abwinoko kalelo? Kapena kodi ndi malingaliro chabe amene timakhala nawo ofuna kubwerera kumasiku apitawo amene asokoneza chikumbumtima chathu cha zinthu zakale? Tiyeni tione mmene olemba mbiri ndi ofufuza za makhalidwe ayankhira.

[Bokosi patsamba 3]

Tanthauzo la Makhalidwe

M’nkhani zino liwu lakuti “makhalidwe” likutanthauza mfundo za makhalidwe abwino ndiponso oipa pa kakhalidwe ka munthu. Izi zikuphatikizapo chilungamo, choonadi, ndi miyezo yapamwamba yamakhalidwe pankhani za kugonana ndi zina zotero.