N’kusiyiranji Kusuta?

KUSUTA si kwa anthu amene amafuna kukhala ndi moyo wautali ndiponso wachimwemwe. N’kotheka kwambiri kuti munthu amene wakhala akusuta fodya kwa nthaŵi yaitali afe ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi fodya pambuyo pake. Mkulu wa bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) anati: “Ndudu ndi . . . chinthu chopangidwa mwaluso ndiponso mochenjera kwambiri chimene chimakhala ndi mlingo wokwanira bwino wa chikonga kuti chichititse munthu amene akuisuta kuloŵerera nacho kwa moyo wonse chisanamuphe.”

Choncho, chifukwa chimodzi chosiyira kusuta n’chakuti kusuta fodya kumaika pangozi thanzi ndiponso moyo. Kusuta kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi mitundu yoposa 25 ya matenda amene amaika moyo wa munthu pangozi. Mwachitsanzo, kusuta ndiko chopangitsa chachikulu cha nthenda ya mtima, sitiroko, chifuwa, kuwonongeka kwa mapapu, ndiponso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kansa, makamaka kansa ya m’mapapo.

N’zoona kuti munthu angamasute fodya kwa zaka zambiri asanagwidwe ndi ena mwa matendaŵa. Komanso, kusuta sikuchititsa munthu kukhala wokondedwa kwambiri ndi anthu ena. Kutsatsa malonda kumasonyeza anthu osuta fodya kukhala ngati osangalala kwambiri ndiponso athanzi. Koma si momwe zilili. Kusuta kumapangitsa mpweya womwe mumapuma kukhala wonunkha ndiponso kumathimbiriritsa mano ndi zala. Kwa amuna kusuta kumawachititsanso kukhala opanda chilakolako cha kugonana. Kumachititsa munthu amene amasuta kumatsokomola kaŵirikaŵiri ndi kumapuma movutikira. Kaŵirikaŵiri osuta fodya amakhala ndi masinya kumaso akadali aang’ono ndiponso amadwala matenda ena apakhungu.

Mmene Kusuta Kumakhudzira Ena

Baibulo limati: “Uzikonda mnzako monga udzikonda iwe mwini.” (Mateyu 22:39) Chikondi cha pa anansi anu—ndipo anthu a m’banja lanu ndiwo anansi anu apafupi kwambiri—ndicho chifukwa chachikulu kwambiri chosiyira kusuta.

Kusuta kumavulaza ena. Kufikira m’nthaŵi zaposachedwapa wosuta fodya ankatha kuyatsa ndudu pamalo alionse komanso samayembekezera kuti wina angamudzudzule. Koma zinthu zikusintha chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri tsopano amamvetsa kuopsa kwa kupuma utsi wofuka pa ndudu za anthu ena. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wosasuta amene wakwatira kapena kukwatiwa ndi munthu wosuta ali pangozi yaikulu kwambiri kuŵirikiza 30 peresenti ya kudwala kansa ya m’mapapo kusiyana ndi mmene akanakhalira ngati akanakwatira kapena kukwatiwa ndi munthu wosasuta. Ana omwe amakhala ndi makolo amene amasuta amadwala chibayo kapena chifuwa m’zaka ziŵiri zoyambirira za moyo wawo kusiyana ndi ana amene amakhala m’nyumba zimene mulibe munthu wosuta.

Amayi apakati amene amasuta amaika pamavuto ana awo osabadwawo. Chikonga, carbon monoxide ndiponso makemikolo ena oopsa amene amakhala mu utsi wa ndudu amaloŵa m’magazi a mayiyo n’kupita mwachindunji kwa mwanayo  m’chiberekero. Zina mwa zotsatira zake ndi kupititsa padera, ndiponso imfa za ana omwe angobadwa kumene. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ngozi za imfa za mwadzidzidzi za makanda osatha chaka n’zoŵirikiza katatu kwa ana amene amayi awo amasuta panthaŵi imene anali ndi pakati.

Mtengo Wake N’ngokwera

Chifukwa china chosiyira n’chakuti kusuta kumawonongetsa ndalama zambiri. Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi World Bank anayerekezera kuti mtengo wosamalirira odwala chifukwa cha kusuta ndi pafupifupi $200 biliyoni chaka chilichonse. Ndithudi, chiŵerengero chimenechi n’chaching’ono poyerekeza ndi mavuto ndiponso ululu kwa anthu amene amadwala matenda oyambitsidwa ndi fodya.

Kuŵerengera mtengo wa ndudu kwa wosuta aliyense payekha n’kosavuta. Ngati mumasuta, chulukitsani ndalama zomwe mumawonongera fodya patsiku ndi 365. Zimenezo zidzakusonyezani kuchuluka kwa ndalama zimene mumawononga pachaka. Chulukitsani chiŵerengero chomwe mwapezacho ndi 10, ndipo mudzapeza kuti ndi ndalama zingati zimene mudzawonongere fodya ngati musutanso kwa zaka khumi. Mungadabwe ndi kuchuluka kwake. Ganizirani za ntchito ina yomwe mungachite ndi ndalama zochuluka moterozo.

Kodi N’kwabwino Kusintha?

Makampani opanga fodya amatsatsa ndudu zokhala ndi phula lochepa ndiponso chikonga chochepa, zomwe amati ndi ndudu zabwinopo monga njira yochepetsera kuopsa kwa kusuta ku thanzi la munthu. Komabe, anthu amene amayamba kusuta ndudu za phula lochepa ndiponso chikonga chochepa amakhalabe ndi chibaba cha chikonga cha mlingo wofanana ndi womwe amasuta poyamba. Choncho, osuta fodya amene amasintha, kaŵirikaŵiri amasuta ndudu zambiri, akumakoka utsi wake kwambiri komanso mofulumira kwambiri, kapena kuti kusuta kwambiri pa ndudu iliyonse. Ngakhalenso kwa anthu amene sasuta ndudu zambiriwo, nawonso ali ndi mwayi wochepa woti angakhale ndi thanzi labwino poyerekeza ndi mapindu a kusiyiratu kusuta.

Nanga bwanji ponena za fodya wa m’kaliwo ndiponso ndudu zopangidwa m’mafakitale? Ngakhale kuti kwa nthaŵi yaitali makampani  opanga fodya akhala akunena kuti kusuta fodya wa m’kaliwo ndiponso ndudu zopangidwa m’mafakitale ndizo zisonyezero za moyo wapamwamba, utsi womwe zili nawo n’ngwakuphanso chimodzimodzi ndi wa m’ndudu zina zonse. Ngakhale ngati osuta sakoka utsi wa nduduzi kapena wa m’kaliwo, iwo ali pangozi yaikulu ya kudwala kansa ya m’milomo, m’kamwa, ndiponso ya palilime.

Kodi fodya opanda utsi n’ngwabwino? Ameneyu ali m’magulu aŵiri: fodya wopera ndiponso wosapera wotafuna. Fodya wopera amakhala waufa, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amagulitsidwa ali m’zitini kapena m’mapaketi. Kaŵirikaŵiri, anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito fodya ameneyu amamukhuthulira m’kati mwa mlomo wa mmunsi kapena m’tsaya. Fodya wosapera wotafuna amagulitsidwa m’nkhosi zitalizitali, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala m’mapaketi. Monga momwe dzinali likusonyezera, fodya ameneyu amatafunidwa, osati kuyamwidwa. Mitundu yonse iŵiri imeneyi ya fodya, wopera ndiponso wotafuna imanunkhitsa mpweya womwe mukupuma, imathimbiriritsa mano, imayambitsa kansa ya m’kamwa ndi ya pakhosi, imakulitsa chibaba, imachititsa timatuza toyera mkamwa tomwe tingayambitse kansa, imachititsa kusendeka kwa khungu la nkhama, ndiponso imafooketsa mano. Ndithudi, kupsipsintha kapena kutafuna fodya sindiyo njira ina yanzeru yosutira fodya.

Mapindu a Kusiya

Tiyerekeze kuti ndinu munthu amene wakhala akusuta fodya kwanthaŵi yaitali. Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani pamene mwasiya? M’kati mwa mphindi 20 mutasuta ndudu yanu yomaliza, kuthamanga kwa magazi anu kudzabwerera m’malo mwake. Pambuyo pa mlungu umodzi thupi lanu lidzakhala lopanda chikonga. Pambuyo pa mwezi umodzi kutsokomolatsokomola kwanu, kutsekeka kwa m’mphuno, kutopa, ndi kupuma movutikira zidzachepa. Pambuyo pa zaka zisanu ngozi yakuti mudzamwalira ndi kansa ya m’mapapo idzatsika ndi 50 peresenti. Pambuyo pa zaka 15 ngozi yakuti mudzadwala nthenda ya m’mitsempha ya mu mtima idzatsika ndi kufanana ndi munthu amene sanasutepo chibadwire.

Chakudya chanu chizidzakoma bwinobwino.  Mpweya wotuluka m’kamwa mwanu pamene mukupuma, thupi, ndi zovala zanu zizidzanunkhira bwino kwambiri. Simudzavutikanso ndi kugula fodya kapena kuwonongera ndalama pa kugula fodya. Mudzakhala wokhazikika. Ngati muli ndi ana, chitsanzo chanu chidzachepetsa mpata woti nawonso angakhale osuta. Mwachiwonekere mudzakhala ndi moyo wautaliko. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, muzidzachita zinthu mogwirizana ndi chifuno cha Mulungu, popeza Baibulo limati: “Tidzikonzere tokha kuleka chodetsa chonse cha thupi.” (2 Akorinto 7:1) Musalingire kuti nthaŵi yatha kuti musiye; ndibwino kwambiri kusiya mwamsanga.

Chifukwa Chake Kusiya Kuli Kovuta Kwambiri

Kusiya kusuta fodya ndi chinthu chovuta, ngakhale kwa anthu amene akufunitsitsadi kusiya. Makamaka zimenezi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti chikonga cha fodya chimakulitsa chilakolako chofuna kumangosutabe. “Poika m’magulu mankhwala omwe amawononga bongo amene amapereka chilakolako chofuna kumangowagwiritsabe ntchito, chikonga chinalingaliridwa kukhala chokulitsa chibaba kwambiri kuposa heroin [ndi] cocaine,” inatero WHO. Mosiyana ndi heroin ndi cocaine, chikonga sichisonyeza umboni wochuluka wa kuledzeretsa, motero n’kosavuta kuderera mphamvu yake. Komabe kachisangalalo kamene kali m’chikonga kamachititsa anthu ambiri kupitiriza kusuta kotero kuti azimva kachisangalaloko mobwerezabwereza. Chikonga chimasinthadi mkhalidwe wanu; chimaziziritsa nkhaŵa. Komabe, ena mwa mavuto amene ndudu imaziziritsa amayambitsidwa ndi chibaba cha chikongacho.

N’kovuta kusiya kusuta chifukwa chakuti kusuta ndi chizoloŵezi cha makhalidwe. Kuwonjezera pa kukhala woloŵerera ndi fodya, osuta amakhala ndi chizoloŵezi choyatsa ndi kusuta kaŵirikaŵiri. Ena anganene kuti: ‘Ndi ntchito ya manja’ kapena ‘n’kupititsa nthaŵi.’

Chifukwa chachitatu chimene chimapangitsa kusuta kukhala kovuta kusiya n’chakuti fodya wapangidwa kukhala mbali ya moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Makampani opanga fodya amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoposa madola 6 biliyoni chaka chilichonse pa kutsatsa malonda a fodya zimene zimachititsa osuta fodya kukhala ngati anthu osangalala kwambiri, ochangamuka, athanzi, ndiponso anzeru. Nthaŵi zambiri amawasonyeza atakwera pa kavalo, akusambira, akuseŵera mpira wa tennis, kapena akuchita zinthu zina zokondweretsa kwambiri. Mafilimu ndi mapulogalamu a pawailesi ya kanema amasonyeza anthu akusuta—ndipo nthaŵi zonse sasonyeza anthu wamba. Fodya amagulitsidwa mwalamulo ndipo amapezeka kulikonse mosavuta. Ambirife sitili patali ndi munthu winawake amene amasuta. Simungazembe zisonkhezero zimenezi.

N’zomvetsa chisoni kuti palibe mankhwala amene mungamwe kuti muchepetse chibaba chosuta monga momwe aspirin angaziziritsire kupweteka kwa mutu. Kuti munthu apambane pantchito yovuta yosiya kusuta, iye afunikira kukhala wofunitsitsadi kuti asiye. Monga momwe zilili ndi kunenepa, kusiya fodya kumafuna kulimbikira kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Kupambana pa ntchito imeneyi ndi udindo wa munthu amene amasutayo.

[Bokosi patsamba 25]

Oloŵerera Mwamsanga

Kafukufuku ku United States anasonyeza kuti mmodzi mwa achinyamata anayi amene anayesapo kusuta ndudu, pambuyo pake anakhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kumangosutabe. Zimenezi zinali zofanana ndi chiŵerengero cha omwe anali ndi chilakolako cha kumangogwiritsabe ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pambuyo pa kungoyesa chabe kugwiritsa ntchito cocaine ndi heroin. Ngakhale kuti 70 peresenti ya osuta fodya a zaka zoyambirira za unyamata wawo amadandaula chifukwa chakuti anayamba kusuta, ndi ochepa chabe amene amatha kusiya.

[Bokosi patsamba 25]

Kodi mu Utsi wa Fodya Muli Chiyani?

Utsi wa fodya uli ndi phula, lokhala ndi makemikolo oposa 4,000. Mwa makemikolo ameneŵa, 43 n’ngodziŵika kuti amayambitsa kansa. Mwa makemikolo 43 ameneŵa pali cyanide, benzene, wood alcohol, ndi acetylene (mafuta amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’nyali). Utsi wa ndudu ulinso ndi nitrogen oxide ndi carbon monoxide, yomwe ndi mipweya ya poizoni. Msanganizo wake wamphamvu kwambiri ndiwo chikonga, mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ndi opatsa chibaba kwambiri.

[Chithunzi patsamba 26]

Kuthandiza Wokondedwa Kuti Asiye Kusuta

Ngati ndinu munthu wosasuta yemwe amadziŵa kuopsa kwa kusuta, mosakayikira mudzadandaula pamene anzanu ndi okondedwa anu akupitiriza kusuta. Kodi mungachitenji kuti muwathandize kuti asiye kusuta? Kaŵirikaŵiri, kunyogodola, kupempha, kukakamiza, ndi kuseka siziphula kanthu. Ngakhalenso nkhani zonyoza. M’malo moti asiye, iye angasute ndudu n’cholinga choziziritsa kuŵaŵidwa mtima komwe njira zimenezi zingadzetse. Chotero yesani kumvetsetsa mmene kulili kovuta kusiya kusuta ndi kutinso kwa anthu ena n’kovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi kwa ena.

Simungasiyitse munthu kusuta fodya. Nyonga ya m’kati ndi chikhulupiriro chosiya kusuta ziyenera kukhala ndi munthu amene amasutayo. Inu mufunikira kupeza njira zachikondi zolimbikitsira chikhumbo chake choti asiye kusuta.

Kodi mungachite motani zimenezo? Panthaŵi yoyenera, mungam’sonyeze chikondi chanu ndi kumuuza kuti muli ndi nkhaŵa chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi chake chosuta fodyacho. M’fotokozereni kuti mudzam’thandiza pa malingaliro alionse osiya kusuta. Ndithudi, mawu ameneŵa angakhale osagwira mtima ndiponso opanda tanthauzo ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito mwachisawawa.

Kodi mungachite chiyani ngati wokondedwa wanu walingalira kuti asiye kusuta? Kumbukirani kuti iye angakhale ndi zizindikiro za kusiya kusuta, zomwe zina mwa izo ndi kusachedwa kukwiya ndi kupsinjika maganizo. Kupweteka kwa mutu ndiponso kusoŵa tulo angakhale enanso mwa mavuto. Kumbutsani wokondedwa wanuyo kuti zizindikiro zimenezi n’zakanthaŵi chabe ndipo ndi zisonyezero zakuti thupi likusinthira ku mkhalidwe watsopano ndi wathanzi. Khalani wolimbikitsa. M’fotokozereni mmene mulili wosangalala chifukwa chakuti iye akusiya kusuta. Panthaŵi yonse ya kusiya, thandizani wokondedwa wanuyo kupeŵa mikhalidwe yom’khumudwitsa yomwe ingam’pangitse kuyambiranso kusuta.

Bwanji ngati wayambiranso kusuta? Yesetsani kuti musapse mtima. Khalani wachifundo. Onani zimenezi kukhala phunziro kwa nonse aŵirinu, ndi kutsimikizira kuti ulendo wina udzakhala wopambana.

[Chithunzi patsamba 27]

Makampani opanga fodya amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoposa madola 6 biliyoni chaka chilichonse pa kutsatsa malonda a fodya