Mukadwala Chifukwa cha Mankhwala

NTHENDA ya kusagwirizana ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana (MCS) ndi yodabwitsa m’njira zambiri. N’chifukwa chake madokotala amatsutsana kwambiri pankhani ya mmene matendaŵa amakhalira. Madokotala ena amakhulupirira kuti MCS imayamba chifukwa cha mmene thupi lilili, ena amakhulupirira kuti imayamba chifukwa cha maganizo, komabe ena amati imayamba chifukwa zonse ziŵiri; thupi ndiponso maganizo. Madokotala ena amaganiza kuti MCS ingaimirenso matenda ena osiyanasiyana. *

Anthu ambiri amene akudwala MCS amati vuto lawo linayamba chifukwa chakuti panthaŵi ina anakhalitsa pafupi ndi mankhwala oopsa monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo; ena amati n’chifukwa chakuti anali kupezekapezeka pafupi ndi mankhwala oopsa ocheperapo. Odwala akangotenga MCS, amasonyeza zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za matenda chifukwa cha mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe m’mbuyomo ankagwirizana nawo, monga mankhwala onunkhiritsa ndi mankhwala oyeretsera m’nyumba. Ndiye n’chifukwa chake matendaŵa ali ndi dzina lakuti “kusagwirizana ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana.” Tiyeni tione nkhani ya Joyce.

Joyce anagwa nsabwe za kumutu nthaŵi yomwe anali kusukulu. Ndiyeno anam’thira mankhwala ophera tizilombo m’mutu. Joyce anadwala kwambiri, ndipo sanagwirizanenso ndi mankhwala ena a mitundu yambiri omwe ankagwirizana nawo poyamba. Ena mwa mankhwalawo ndi mankhwala oyeretsera m’nyumba, onunkhiritsa m’mpweya, onunkhiritsa zinthu zina, mankhwala ochapira tsitsi, ndiponso petulo. “Maso anga amatupa kwambiri kwakuti sindithanso kuona,” anatero Joyce, “ndipo mphuno zanga zimadwala, n’kundichititsa litsipa loopsa ndiponso nseru kotero kuti ndimadwala kwa masiku angapo. . . . Ndakhala ndikudwala chibayo kwa nthaŵi zambiri moti mapapu anga ali ndi zipserazipsera ngati a munthu amene wakhala akusuta fodya kwa zaka 40—chikhalirecho sindinasutepo!

Kukhalitsa m’malo a poizoni wochepa, akutinso kungapangitse MCS ndipo izi zikhoza kuchitikira kunja kapena m’nyumba. Ndipo, m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, kufalikira kofulumira kwa matenda obwera chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya m’nyumba kwachititsa anthu kupeka mawu akuti “sick-building syndrome” (Matenda a M’nyumba Zodwalitsa).

 Matenda a M’nyumba Zodwalitsa

Matenda a m’nyumba zodwalitsa anayambika m’ma 1970 pamene nyumba, masukulu, ndiponso maofesi okhala ndi moloŵera mpweya, analoŵedwa m’malo ndi nyumba zosalola mpweya kuloŵamo koma zogwiritsa ntchito makina okonza mpweya m’chipinda. Zimenezi zinachitika ndi cholinga chofuna kusamalira chilengedwe. Kaŵirikaŵiri zinthu zotetezera kutentha, matabwa opakidwa mankhwala, zomatira zouma ndi kuuluka mwamsanga, milimo yochita kupanga ndiponso makalipeti ndizo ankagwiritsa ntchito monga zipangizo zomangira ndiponso zokhala m’nyumba zimenezi.

Zambiri mwa zipangizo zimenezi, makamaka pamene zili zatsopano, zimatulutsa mpweya woopsa pang’onopang’ono umene umasakanikirana ndi mpweya wokonzedwanso uja. Mwachitsanzo zingatulutse mpweya woopsa wotchedwa formaldehyde. Makalipeti amawonjezera vutoli mwa kusunga mankhwala oyeretsera ndiponso mankhwala osungunulira zinthu amadzi osiyanasiyana ndiyeno kenako n’kumazitulutsa patapita nthaŵi yaitali kwambiri. “Nthunzi yotuluka m’mankhwala osungunulira zinthu amadzi ndi yomwe imawononga kwambiri mpweya wa m’nyumba,” limatero buku lakuti Chemical Exposures—Low Levels and High Stakes. Ndiyeno, “mankhwala osungunulira zinthu amadzi ali m’gulu la mankhwala amene kaŵirikaŵiri anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kusagwirizana ndi mankhwala amati ndiwo anayambitsa matenda awo,” limatero bukulo.

Anthu ambiri amatha kukhala bwinobwino m’nyumba zoterozo, pamene ena amasonyeza zizindikiro za matenda monga chifuwa cha mphumu kapena matenda a kholingo mwinanso mpaka kupweteka kwa mutu ndiponso kuwodzera. Kaŵirikaŵiri zizindikiro zimenezi zimatha odwalawo akachoka m’malo oterowo. Koma nthaŵi zina, “odwala akhoza kuyamba kudana ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana,” inatero magazini ya zamankhwala ya ku Britain yotchedwa The Lancet. Komano kodi n’chifukwa chiyani anthu ena amadwala ndi mankhwala pamene ena satero? Funso limeneli n’lofunika kwambiri chifukwa chakuti kungakhale kovuta kwa ena amene sakudwala kumvetsetsa vuto la anthu amene akudwala.

Tonsefe Ndife Osiyanasiyana

Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti tonsefe timakhudzidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kaya ndi mankhwala kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zimene zimachititsa zimenezi ndi chibadwa chamunthu, zaka, thanzi, mankhwala amene tikulandira panthaŵiyo, matenda omwe tili nawo, ndiponso zochita zathu monga kumwa moŵa, kusuta fodya, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala omwa munthu akadwala amagwira ntchito malingana ndi thupi lanu ndipo thupi lanulo ndilo limachititsa kuti “mankhwalawo agwire kapena asagwire ntchito komanso kuti akudwalitseni,” inatero magazini yotchedwa New Scientist. Zina mwa zotsatirapo zimenezi zikhoza kukhala zoopsa kwambiri, zingathe ngakhale kupha kumene. Nthaŵi zonse, mankhwala a m’thupi otchedwa enzymes amachotsa mankhwala onse achilendo m’thupi, monga opezeka m’mankhwala ochizira matenda ndiponso mitundu ina ya poizoni imene imaloŵa m’thupi m’zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma ngati mankhwala “oyeretsa m’thupi” ameneŵa ali olemala, mwinamwake chifukwa cha chibadwa, kuwonongedwa ndi poizoni, kapena chifukwa cha kusadya bwino, mankhwala owononga thupi akhoza kuchuluka kwambiri kufikira pochititsa mantha. *

 Matenda a MCS amafanizidwa ndi matenda a magazi otchedwa porphyrias omwe amachitika chifukwa cha ma enzyme. Kaŵirikaŵiri mmene anthu odwala porphyrias amakhudzidwira ndi mankhwala oopsa, monga a mu utsi wotulutsidwa ndi galimoto kapena ngakhale a mu zonunkhiritsa, ndi mofanana ndi mmene anthu odwala MCS amachitira.

Maganizo Nawo Amakhudzidwa

Wodwala MCS wina analongosolera atolankhani a Galamukani! kuti ena mwa mankhwala amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri amam’sokoneza maganizo. Iye anati: “Ndakhala ndikusintha khalidwe mwakuti pena n’kukhala munthu waukali, pena wofulukuta, wosachedwa kupsa mtima, wamantha ndi wandwii. . . . Zizindikiro zimenezi zimatha pambuyo pa maola angapo kapena masiku ambiri.” Kenako, amamva ngati ali ndi matsire ndipo amavutika maganizo mwaukulu wosiyanasiyana.

Zimenezi si zachilendo kwa anthu odwala MCS. Dr. Claudia Miller anati “mayiko oposa khumi ndi aŵiri anenapo zakuti anthu akhala akusokonezeka maganizo pambuyo poyandikana ndi mankhwala kwa nthaŵi yaitali, kaya poyandikana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena pokhala m’nyumba zodwalitsa. . . . Tikudziŵa kuti anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osungunulira zinthu amadzi ali pangozi yaikulu yokhala amantha ndiponso ovutika maganizo. . . . Choncho m’pofunika kukhala osamala kwambiri komanso kukumbukira kuti n’zotheka kuti bongo ndicho chiŵalo chomwe chimadana kwambiri ndi mankhwala.”

Ngakhale kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa kungayambitse vuto la kusokonezeka maganizo, madokotala ambiri amakhulupiriranso kuti kusokonezeka maganizo kungayambitse nawo vuto la kusagwirizana ndi mankhwala. Dr. Miller, amene tam’tchula pamwambapa, ndiponso Dr. Nicholas Ashford, amakhulupirira kwambiri kuti MCS imayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zenizeni osati za m’maganizo, koma anavomereza kuti “mavuto okhudza maganizo, monga imfa ya wokwatirana naye kapena chisudzulo, angafooketse mphamvu ya chitetezo m’thupi ndipo angachititse anthu ena kukhala odana kwambiri ndi mankhwala ngakhale pamlingo wochepa. Mosakayika, mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa bongo ndi thupi ndi wovuta kuumvetsetsa.” Dr. Sherry Rogers, amenenso amakhulupirira kuti MCS imayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zina zochitika m’thupi osati za m’maganizo, ananena kuti “kunyong’onyeka kumachititsa munthu kukhala wosagwirizana ndi mankhwala ngakhale pang’ono.”

Kodi pali chinthu chilichonse chimene anthu odwala MCS angachite kuti thanzi lawo likhale bwino kapena kuchepetsako matenda awo?

Chithandizo kwa Odwala MCS

Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala alionse odziŵika ochizira MCS, odwala ambiri atha kuziziritsa matenda awo, ndiponso ena atha kukhalanso ndi moyo wosasiyana kwenikweni ndi wa masiku onse. Kodi chawathandiza n’chiyani kuti alimbane ndi vutolo? Ena amati athandizidwa chifukwa chotsatira malangizo a dokotala akuti aziyesetsa kupeŵa mankhwala amene amayambitsa matenda awo. * Judy amene akudwala MCS amaona kuti kupeŵa kumam’thandiza kwambiri. Panthaŵi yomwe Judy ankachira matenda a zotupa pakhungu oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo kotchedwa Epstein-Barr, iye anakhudzidwa kwanthaŵi yaitali ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo amene ankagwiritsidwa ntchito m’nyumba mwake ndipo anayamba kudwala MCS.

Mofanana ndi odwala MCS ambiri, Judy sagwirizana ndi mitundu yochuluka ya mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito m’nyumba. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, amayeretsa m’nyumba mwake monse ndiponso kuchapa zovala zake zonse pogwiritsa ntchito sopo wamba ndi soda. Amaona kuti viniga amafeŵetsa bwino kwambiri zovala. Chipinda chake cha zovala ndiponso chipinda chogona muli zovala ndi nsalu zolukidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe basi. Mwamuna wake sasunga zovala zake zoyeretsedwa mwakungopukuta ndi mankhwala m’chipinda chawo cha zovalacho, kufikira zitatha fungo pamalo odutsa mphepo bwino kwa milungu ingapo.

 Ndi zoona kuti m’dziko lamakono lino n’kovuta kwa odwala MCS kupeŵeratu vuto la mankhwala oopsa. Magazini ya American Family Physician inati: “Chilema chachikulu chimene wodwala MCS amakhala nacho ndicho kukhala payekha akamayesayesa kusayandikana ndi mankhwala.” Nkhaniyo inafotokoza kuti odwala ayenera kugwira ntchito ndiponso kuyanjana ndi anthu ena moyang’aniridwa ndi dokotala, ndiyeno pang’onopang’ono n’kumagwira ntchito zochulukirapo. Panthaŵi yomweyonso, iwo ayenera kuyesetsa kuthana ndi vuto logwidwa ndi mantha aakulu ndiponso kuthamanga mtima mwakuphunzira njira zofeŵetsera mitsempha ndi njira zothandiza kupuma bwino. Cholinga chake ndicho kuthandiza odwala kuti pang’ono ndi pang’ono adzathe kukhala pafupi ndi mankhwala m’malo moiŵaliratu mankhwala alionse pa moyo wawo.

Mankhwala ena ofunika kwambiri ndiwo kugona tulo tabwino usiku. David amene akudwala MCS koma tsopano thupi lake silikusonyezanso mphamvu iliyonse ya matendaŵa, akunena kuti anathandizidwa kuchira chifukwa chogona m’chipinda momwe amapuma mpweya wabwino wochokera panja. Ernest ndi mkazi wake, Lorraine, omwe amadwala MCS, nawonso amaona  kuti “kugona tulo tokwanira komanso osasokonezedwa kumathandiza kulimbana ndi mpweya wa mankhwala womwe sungapeŵedwe masana.”

Inde, nthaŵi zonse zakudya zabwino n’zofunika kuti munthu akhalebe wathanzi. Kwenikweni, akuti zakudya zimenezi ndi “mbali yokha yofunika kwambiri yotetezera thanzi.” Ndiyeno, kuti thupi likhalenso lathanzi labwino, monga momwe lingathere, m’pofunika kuti likhale ndi mphamvu zogwira ntchito bwino. Mankhwala opatsa thanzi angathandize.

Kuchita maseŵera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizanso kuti munthu akhale wathanzi. Komanso, mukamatuluka thukuta mumathandiza thupi lanu kutulutsa poizoni kudzera pakhungu. Chinanso chofunika ndicho kuganiza bwino ndi kukhala wansangala, kuwonjezera pa kukondedwa komanso kukonda ena. Kwenikweni, “chikondi ndi kusekaseka” ndiwo malangizo amene dokotala wina amapereka kwa odwala ake a MCS. Inde, “mtima wosekerera uchiritsa bwino.”—Miyambo 17:22.

Komabe, kucheza pamodzi ndi anthu achikondi ndi ansangala kungakhale kovuta kwa odwala MCS amene sangathe kugwirizana ndi mankhwala onunkhiritsa, oyeretsera, ndi mankhwala ena amene ambirife timagwiritsa ntchito pa moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kodi anthu odwala MCS amachitanji m’mikhalidwe yoteroyo? Komanso, kodi ena angachitenji kuti athandize odwala MCS? Nkhani yotsatira idzalongosola nkhani zimenezi.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 23]

Kodi Mumafunikiradi Mankhwala Ambiri Choncho?

Tonsefe tiyenera kuyesetsa kusagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa mwachisawawa. Mankhwala amene timasunga m’nyumba ali m’gulu lomweli. Buku lakuti Chemical Exposures limati: “Mankhwala oipitsa mpweya wa m’nyumba akuoneka ngati ali m’gulu la zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri zoyambitsa mavuto a kusagwirizana ndi mankhwala. M’nyumba ndi mmene anthu amasanganizira mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala ouma ndi kuuluka mwamsanga.” *

Choncho dzifunseni ngati mukufunikiradi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mitundu yambirimbiri monga momwe mukuchitira, makamaka mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndiponso zinthu zina zokhala ndi mankhwala osungunulira zinthu amadzi amene amauma ndi kuuluka mwamsanga. Kodi mwayesapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osaopsa? Koma ngati muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa kwambiri, onetsetsani kuti musayambe kuwagwiritsa ntchito popanda kutsatira malangizo onse oyenera. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mukuwasunga pamalo abwino pomwe ana sangafikire komanso pamene akamatulutsa nthunzi siingadwalitse munthu. Kumbukirani kuti, ngakhale mankhwala okhala m’mabotolo otsekedwa angathe kutulutsa nthunzi.

Kusamala ndi mankhwala kumakhudzanso zinthu zimene timadzola. Mankhwala ambiri, kuphatikizapo onunkhiritsa, amapita m’magazi kudzera pakhungu. N’chifukwa chake kuvala kansalu kopakidwa mankhwala ili ina mwa njira zolandilira mankhwala ena ake. Ndiye ngati mwadonthezera mankhwala oopsa pakhungu lanu, “chithandizo choyamba komanso chofunika mwamsanga ndicho kusamba bwinobwino pamalo pomwe pagwera mankhwalapo,” limatero buku lakuti Tired or Toxic?

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la kusagwirizana ndi mankhwala, sagwirizana ndi mankhwala onunkhiritsa. Mankhwala amene amaika m’mitundu yambiri ya mafuta onunkhiritsa amapangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta a galimoto. Amagwiritsa ntchito acetone, camphor, benzaldehyde, ethanol, g-terpinene, ndi mankhwala ena ambiri. Matenda amene amakhudzana ndi zinthu zimenezi akhala akulengezedwa. Mwachitsanzo ku United States, alengezedwa ndi bungwe la Environmental Protection Agency. Chimodzimodzinso ndi mankhwala amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala ophera fungo loipa. Asayansi ya malo okhala akamapenda mankhwala ophera fungo m’nyumba, inatero magazini ya University of California at Berkeley Wellness Letter, “amawapenda monga zowononga dziko, osati monga zokonzera mpweya wa m’nyumba.” Mankhwala ophera fungo loipa m’nyumba sathetsa fungo loipalo; amangolibisa.

Buku lakuti Calculated Risks limati “imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri kuti tizidziŵe pa nkhani ya mankhwala oopsa [ndi yakuti] mankhwala onse ndi oopsa ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo winawake.”

[Mawu a M’munsi]