Anamwino—Kodi N’chifukwa Chiyani Ali Ofunikira kwa Ife?

“Unamwino ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zaluso zovuta kwambiri. N’zoonadi chifundo chingatisonkhezere, koma kudziŵa ntchito kokhako ndiko timadalira pogwira ntchito.”—Ananena mawuwa ndi Mary Adelaide Nutting, mu 1925, yemwe anali pulofesa waunamwino woyamba padziko lonse.

UNAMWINO wamba, unayamba kale zaka zikwi zambiri m’mbuyomo, ndipo unaliko ngakhale m’nthaŵi za m’Baibulo. (1 Mafumu 1:2-4) Kuyambira n’kale lonse, akazi ambiri odziŵika bwino akhala akudwazika matenda. Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tione nkhani ya Elizabeth wa ku Hungary (1207-31), mwana wamkazi wa Mfumu Andrew yachiŵiri. Iyeyu anayendetsa ntchito yogaŵa chakudya kutachitika chilala mu 1226. Kenaka, anamangitsa zipatala, zimene ankasamalirako akhate. Elizabeth anafa ali ndi zaka 24 zokha, atadwazika odwala kwanthaŵi yaitali ya moyo wake waufupiwo.

N’zosatheka kufotokoza mbiri ya unamwino osatchulapo Florence Nightingale. Mayi wachingelezi ameneyu anali wochita zachamuna ndipo iye ndi gulu la anamwino 38 anakonzanso chipatala cha asilikali ku Scutari, dera loyandikana ndi mzinda wa Constantinople, m’nyengo ya nkhondo yotchedwa Crimea ya m’zaka za 1853 mpaka 1856. Pamene anafika kumeneko, anthu 60 pa anthu 100 alionse anali kufa; koma pamene ankachoka mu 1856, anthu aŵiri okha ndiwo ankafa pa anthu 100 alionse.—Onani bokosi lili pa tsamba 22.

Bungwe lazamaphunziro la Institution of Protestant Deaconesses lam’tauni ya Kaiserswerth ku Germany limene Nightingale anaphunzirako asanapite ku Crimea, nalonso linalimbikitsa unamwino kwambiri. M’kupita kwanthaŵi, magulu ena odziŵika bwino a anamwino anayamba. Mwachitsanzo m’chaka cha 1903, Agnes  Karll anayambitsa gulu lotchedwa Professional Organization for German Nurses.

Masiku ano, anamwino ndiwo gulu lodziŵa ntchito lalikulu kwambiri m’zipatala zathu. Bungwe la zaumoyo padziko lonse la World Health Organization linanena kuti pakali pano pali anamwino ndi amzamba opitirira 9,000,000 amene akugwira ntchito m’mayiko 141. Ndipotu akuchita ntchito yofunikadi! Magazini yotchedwa The Atlantic Monthly inati anamwino “amapereka chithandizo, chidziŵitso, ndiponso chidaliro zomwe n’zofunika kwambiri kuti wodwala asafe.” Motero tingafunse moyenera kuti, Kodi bwenzi tikutani pakadapanda anamwino?

Ntchito ya Anamwino Pochiza Munthu

Insaikulopediya ina imalongosola kuti unamwino ndi “njira imene wodwala amathandizidwira ndi namwino kuti achire akadwala mwinanso akavulala, kapena kuti wodwalayo athe kudzisamalira yekha kumlingo umene angakwanitse.”

N’zoona kuti pali zinthu zambiri zimene zimachitika pochita zimenezi. Si kuti njirayi ndi kungoyeza anthu chabe monga pofuna kudziŵa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi awo ayi. Namwino amachita ntchito yaikulu kwambiri pochiza munthu. Malingana ndi zimene inanena The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine, “namwino amatanganidwa kwambiri ndi mmene wodwalayo akukhudzidwira ndi mavuto onse obwera ndi matendawo kusiyana ndi mmene amatanganidwira ndi matenda enieniwo, ndipo amalimbana kwambiri ndi kuziziritsa ululu, kukhazikitsa maganizo pansi, ndiponso ngati n’kotheka, kupeŵa kukulitsa matendawo.” Kuphatikizanso apo, namwino “amasamala odwala mwa kuwamvetsa, komwe kumafuna kutchera khutu akamalongosola nkhaŵa ndi mantha awo, ndiponso kuwalimbikitsa.” Ndipo bukuli likuti wodwala akamafa, ntchito ya namwino ndiyo “kuthandiza wodwalayo kutsirizika mwamtendere ndiponso mwaulemu wake.”

Anamwino ambiri amagwira ntchito zina kuwonjezera pa ntchito imene analembedwera. Mwachitsanzo Ellen D. Baer analemba zimene anali kuchita ali pa chipatala cha Montefiore Medical Center ku New York City. Iye sankafuna kungofikira pantchito yake yam’maŵa pamodzi ndi gulu lochita opaleshoni. “Ndinkafuna kukhala ndi odwala,” iye analemba motero. “Ndinkafuna kuwathandiza kuti ayambe kupuma, kuyenda, ndinkawamanga zilonda, kuyankha mafunso awo, kuwalongosolera zinthu, ndiponso kuwalimbikitsa. Zinkandisangalatsa kwambiri ndikamakondana ndi kupalana ubwenzi ndi odwala.”

Mosakayika munthu aliyense amene anagonekedwapo m’chipatala angakumbukirepo namwino wina amene anali ndi mzimu wodzimana ngati umenewu. Koma kodi kuti munthu akhale katswiri wa unamwino amayenera kutani?

[Chithunzi patsamba 19]

Florence Nightingale

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Mwachilolezo cha National Library of Medicine