Thanzi Labwino—Kodi Lingapezeke Mwanjira Zochiritsira Zatsopano?

Ndi nkhani zochepa chabe zomwe anthu amada nazo nkhaŵa kwambiri kuposa nkhani zaumoyo. Nthaŵi zina, pamaoneka ngati kuti dokotala aliyense ali ndi malingaliro akeake. M’malo mokhalira kumbuyo lingaliro lililonse, Galamukani! ikufuna kuyesetsa kufotokoza m’nkhani zotsatizanazi za kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chithandizo chamankhwala chotchuka ndi dzina lakuti njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse. Sikuti timakhalira kumbuyo chithandizo china chilichonse pa zithandizo zamankhwala zomwe titi tifotokoze kapena zithandizo zina zilizonse. Njira zambiri zochiritsira sitinazitchule, zina n’zotchuka kwambiri, ndipo zina zimadzetsa mikangano. Timakhulupirira kuti maphunziro okhudza nkhani zaumoyo n’ngofunika kwambiri kwa aliyense; ndipo kusankha chochita pankhani yokhudza zaumoyo ndi nkhani ya munthu aliyense payekha.

ALIYENSE amafuna kukhala wathanzi. Komabe, kukhala ndi thanzi labwino kungakhale kovuta, malinga ndi mmene ziŵerengero za anthu omwe akudwala zikusonyezera. Ena akuona ngati kuti anthu ambiri akudwala lerolino kusiyana ndi m’mbuyomo.

Pofuna kulimbana ndi matenda, madokotala ambiri amadalira pa kupereka mankhwala amene amakonzedwa ndiponso kutsatsidwa malonda mwamphamvu ndi makampani opanga mankhwala. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri n’chakuti, msika wapadziko lonse wa mankhwala oterowo watchuka kwambiri m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kuchoka pa kupanga ndalama madola mabiliyoni ochepa chabe pachaka kufika pa madola mabiliyoni mazanamazana pachaka. Kodi chotsatirapo chake chakhala chiyani?

Mankhwala omwe madokotala amapereka athandiza anthu ochuluka. Koma ngakhale zili choncho, thanzi la anthu ena amene amamwa mankhwalaŵa silinasinthe mwinanso likunka liipiraipira. Choncho, posachedwapa anthu ena ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zochizira matenda.

Komwe Anthu Ambiri Akuloŵera

M’madera amene njira zochizira zamakono ndiponso njira zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochiritsira ogwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri, anthu ambiri tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito kuchiritsa komwe kukutchedwa kuti njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse, kapena kuti chithandizo chochiritsira chokomera aliyense. “Malingaliro amphamvu kwambiri omwe kwanthaŵi yaitali akhala akusiyanitsa njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito panopa akuoneka kuti akutha,” inatero magazini yotchedwa Consumer Reports ya May 2000.

Magazini yotchedwa The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), ya pa November 11, 1998, inati: “Njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse, zomwe malinga ndi mmene zimagwirira ntchito zimafotokozedwa kuti ndi njira zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa gwero la matenda, siziphunzitsidwa kwambiri m’masukulu a zamankhwala kapenanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri m’zipatala za ku United States. Njira zochiritsira zimenezi zakopa chidwi cha ofalitsa nkhani, anthu odziŵa za mankhwala, mabungwe a boma, ndiponso anthu wamba.”

Komabe, ponenapo za zimene zinali zitachitika kumene, magazini yotchedwa Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy inafotokoza m’chaka cha 1997 kuti: “M’mbuyomu, madokotala a mankhwala ochiritsira amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse akhala akukayikira ponena za njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse. Komabe, pakali pano masukulu a zamankhwala okwanira 27 mu United States [lipoti la posachedwapa limati masukulu 75] amaphunzitsa za njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse, kuphatikizapo sukulu ya Harvard, Stanford, University of Arizona, ndi Yale.”

JAMA inanenapo za zomwe odwala ambiri akuchita poyesayesa kupititsa patsogolo thanzi lawo. Iyo inati: “Mu 1990, pafupifupi munthu mmodzi (19.9%) mwa anthu asanu omwe ankaonana ndi dokotala chifukwa cha nthenda yaikulu ankagwiritsanso ntchito njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse. M’chaka cha 1997 chiŵerengerochi chinakwera kufika pa munthu mmodzi (31.8%) mwa anthu atatu alionse.” Nkhaniyo inanenanso kuti: “Kafukufuku wochitika m’mayiko a kunja kwa United States akusonyeza kuti mankhwala ochiritsira omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse n’ngofala kwambiri m’mayiko onse otukuka.”

Malinga ndi magazini ya JAMA, gawo la chiŵerengero cha anthu amene anagwiritsa ntchito njira zochiritsira  zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse m’miyezi khumi ndi iŵiri yaposachedwapa linali 15 peresenti ku Canada, 33 peresenti ku Finland, ndi 49 peresenti ku Australia. “Chiŵerengero cha anthu ofuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse n’chachikulu mochititsa chidwi kwambiri,” inatero JAMA. Zimenezi n’zoona makamaka poganizira mfundo yakuti kaŵirikaŵiri njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse zimenezi, n’zimene zimalipiridwa mwakamodzikamodzi ndi ma inshuwalansi a zaumoyo. Choncho, nkhani ya m’magazini ya JAMA inamaliza ndi kunena kuti: “Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse komwe kukuchitika masiku ano kukusonyeza kuti chidwi cha anthu pa kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi n’chocheperapo kusiyana ndi mmene chingadzakhalire m’tsogolo muno ngati inshuwalansi itamadzalipirira njira zamtunduwu.”

Kwanthaŵi yaitali, kuphatikiza chithandizo chamankhwala ochiritsira osagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse ndi chithandizo chamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse kwakhala kukuchitidwa ndi anthu ambiri m’mayiko ochuluka. Dr. Peter Fisher, wa ku chipatala chotchedwa Royal London Homeopathic Hospital, ananena kuti kapangidwe ka mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse tsopano kakhala “pafupifupi ka masiku onse m’madera ambiri. Palibenso mitundu iŵiri ya mankhwala—mtundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse ndi mtundu wosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse. Pali kuchiritsa kwabwino ndi kuchiritsa koipa basi,” iye anatero.

N’chifukwa chake madokotala ambiri lerolino amazindikira kufunika kwa kuchiritsa kwa mitundu yonse iŵiriyi, kuchiritsa kogwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse ndi kuchiritsa kosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse. M’malo molangiza kuti wodwala agwiritse ntchito mtundu umodzi wa chithandizo kapena winawo, iwo amalangiza kuti agwiritse ntchito mtundu wa chithandizo chimene chingakhale chaphindu kwa wodwalayo pa njira zonse zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira.

Kodi ndi njira zina ziti zochiritsira zimene zimatchedwa kuti njira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse, kapena kuti njira zokomera aliyense? Kodi zina mwa njirazi zinayamba liti ndipo zinayambira kuti? Ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri akuzigwiritsa ntchito?