Kuthana ndi Matenda a Kachiwalo Kotchedwa Prostate

“Ndili ndi zaka 54, ndinayamba kukodza pafupipafupi, mwina mphindi 30 zilizonse. Chizindikiro chimenechi chinandichititsa kuti ndikaonane ndi dokotala, ndipo ndinapezeka kuti ndifunika kuchotsetsa prostate yanga.” Nkhani ngati zimenezi sizachilendo m’zipatala za prostate padziko lonse. Kodi mwamuna angatani kuti apeŵe matenda a prostate? Kodi ndi liti pamene iye angafune chithandizo cha madokotala?

PROSTATE ndi kachiwalo kooneka ngati mtedza kamene kali pansi pa chikhodzodzo ndipo kamakuta mtsempha wa mkodzo. (Onani chithunzi cha mafupa a chiuno cha mwamuna.) Mwa mwamuna wabwinobwino, kamalemera magalamu 20, ndipo mochulukira kamakula masentimita anayi m’litali mwake, masentimita atatu m’lifupi mwake, ndipo masentimita aŵiri m’bwambi mwake. Ntchito yake n’kutulutsa timadzi timene timapanga pafupifupi maperesenti 30 a ubwamuna wonse. Timadzi timeneti, tokhala ndi mankhwala otchedwa citric acid, calcium, ndi ma enzyme, mwinamwake timathandiza ubwamuna kuyenda bwino komanso kuthandizira mphamvu yobala. Komanso, timadzi timeneti tochoka mu prostate tilinso ndi mankhwala ena otchedwa zinc, amene asayansi amati amateteza matenda opatsirana okhudza ziwalo zoberekera.

Kuzindikira Prostate ya Matenda

Zizindikiro zingapo za m’chiuno mwa amuna zimayamba chifukwa cha nthenda ya kuŵaŵa kwambiri kwa prostate kapena zotupa. Matenda a prostate—kutupa ndi kuŵaŵa kwake—kungayambitse kutentha thupi, kumva kupweteka pokodza, ndiponso kupweteka  kwa m’chiuno kapena kwa chikhodzodzo. Ngati prostate yatupa kwambiri, ingam’lepheretse wodwalayo kukodza. Ngati kutupako kwachitika chifukwa cha bakiteriya, nthendayo imatchedwa bacterial prostatitis, ndipo ingakhale yopweteka kwambiri kapena yokhalitsa. Kaŵirikaŵiri imayamba chifukwa cha matenda a mtsempha wa mkodzo. Komabe, nthaŵi zambiri, chimene chimayambitsa kutupako sichidziŵika, choncho pachifukwachi nthendayo imatchedwa nonbacterial prostatitis.

Mavuto odziŵika a prostate ndi kukodza pafupipafupi, kukodza usiku, kukodza pang’onopang’ono, ndiponso kumva ngati mkodzo sunatheretu m’chikhodzodzo. Nthaŵi zambiri zizindikiro zimenezi zimasonyeza matenda a prostate otchedwa benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)—kutupa kwa prostate kopanda kansa—kumene kungakhudze amuna a zaka zoposa 40. Matendawa a BPH amachuluka malinga ndi zaka za anthu. Mwa amuna 100 a zaka 55, amuna 25 ali nayo nthenda imeneyi ndipo mwa amuna 100 a zaka 75, amuna 50 alinso ndi nthendayi.

Prostate ingagwidwenso ndi zotupa za kansa. Mochulukira, kansa ya prostate imatulukiridwa mwa kuyeza nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, ngakhale palibe zizindikiro zamatenda a prostate. Matendawa akafika podetsa nkhaŵa, kukodza kungalephereke ndipo chikhodzodzo chimatupa. Kansayo ikayambukira ziwalo zina, msana ungamaŵaŵe, kuphwanya kwa thupi, ndiponso miyendo ingatupe chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yodutsitsa madzi a m’thupi. Chaka cha posachedwapa, dziko la United States lokha linalengeza anthu atsopano pafupifupi 300,000 amene ali ndi kansa ya prostate ndi anthu 41,000 amene anamwalira chifukwa cha kansayo. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti mwa amuna 100 a zaka zoyambira 60 mpaka 69, amuna 30 adzadwala kansa ya prostate ndiponso mwa amuna 100 a zaka zoyambira 80 mpaka 89, amuna 67 adzadwalanso nthendayo.

Ndani Kwenikweni Amene Angadwale Nthendayo?

Kufufuza kukusonyeza kuti mipata yodwala kansa ya prostate imakula msanga munthu  atadutsa zaka 50. Ku United States, kansa imeneyi ndi yofala kwa anthu akuda pafupifupi kuŵirikiza kuposa mmene ilili kwa azungu. Kuchuluka kwa nthendayi n’kosiyanasiyana padziko lonse. N’njochuluka kwambiri ku North America ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya, ku South America n’njochulukapo pang’ono, ndipo ku Asia n’njochepa kwambiri. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuganiza kuti malo kapena kadyedwe kosiyanasiyana zingakhudze kuchuluka kwa kansa ya prostate. Ngati mwamuna wapita kudziko limene nthendayi ndi yochuluka, angakhale pangozi yaikulu.

Amuna amene ali ndi achibale odwala kansa ya prostate atha kudwala kansa imeneyi. “Ngati mwamuna ali ndi abambo kapena achimwene odwala kansa ya prostate amakhala ndi mpata waukulu  wodwala nthenda imeneyi,” bungwe la American Cancer Society limatero. Zina zothandizira nthendayi kuti ikhalepo ndi zaka za munthu, fuko lake, dziko lake, wina kudwalapo nthendayi m’banja, zakudya, ndi kusajijirika. Amuna amene amadya zakudya zamafuta kwambiri ndipo sayendayenda amawonjezera mpata wodwala kansayo.

Kuteteza Matenda a Prostate

Ngakhale kuti asayansi sanadziŵebe chimene chimayambitsa kwenikweni kansa ya prostate, iwo amakhulupirira kuti mwina angakhale majini ndi mahomoni. Ubwino wake, tikhoza kusintha zinthu ziŵiri zoopsa—kadyedwe kathu ndi kusajijirika. Bungwe la American Cancer Society limati kuli bwino “kuchepetsa kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri a nyama ndi kusankha zakudya zambiri zimene mumadya kuchokera ku zomera.” Bungweli limatinso ndi bwino kudya “zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kasanu kapena kuposa tsiku lililonse” komanso mkate, dzinthu, pasta, zakudya zina zochokera ku mbewu zosiyanasiyana, mpunga, ndi nyemba. Tomato, mpesa, ndi mavwende zili ndi mankhwala ena ake otchedwa lycopenes—mankhwala othandiza kuteteza DNA kuti isawonongeke ndiponso angathandize kuchepetsa vuto la kansa ya prostate. Akatswiri ena amatinso mankhwala ena a zitsamba komanso maminero angathandize.

A bungwe la American Cancer Society ndi la American Urological Association amakhulupirira kuti kuyezetsa kuti uone ngati uli ndi kansa ya prostate kungapulumutse miyoyo. Munthu angachire ngati kansayo itapezeka msanga. Bungwe la American Cancer Society limati kuli bwino kuti amuna a zaka zoposa 50, kapena zoposa 45 ngati ali m’magulu amene ali pangozi kwambiri, azipita kukayezetsa chaka chilichonse. *

Kuyezako kuyenera kuphatikizapo kuja kotchedwa prostate-specific antigen blood test (PSA). Antigen imeneyi ndi puloteni imene imatulutsidwa ndi maselo a prostate. Mlingo wake umachuluka ngati prostate ili ndi matenda. “Ngati PSA yanu yaposa pamlingo wake, pemphani dokotala wanu kuti afotokoze mpata womwe ulipo woti n’kudwala kansa ndi kuti mukufuna kuyezetsanso mbali zina,” likutero bungwe la American Cancer Society. Kuyeza thumbo la mudzi kochita kupisa chala kumatako kotchedwa digital rectal exam (DRE) kumachitidwanso. Dokotala angamve kudzera m’thumbo limeneli kuti malo ena ake a prostate sali bwino, popeza kuti iyo ili chapatsogolo pa thumbo limeneli. (Onani chithunzi cha mafupa a chiuno cha mwamuna patsamba 16.) Kuyeza kotchedwa transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) n’kothandiza “pamene zotsatira za PSA kapena DRE zasonyeza kuti penapake sipali bwino” ndipo dokotala ayenera kuona ngati angalimbikitse kuti atengeko kachidutswa ku prostate kuti akayeze. Kuyeza kumeneku kumatenga pafupifupi mphindi 20.

Kuwonjezera pa kupeza kansa ya prostate, kuyeza ziwalo zokodzera pachaka kungatulukire BPH, imene tafotokoza kale, idakali kumayambiriro, zimene zingachititse kulandira thandizo losaŵaŵa kwambiri. (Onani bokosi lakuti “Kuchiritsa BPH.”) Makhalidwe abwino amateteza munthu kuti asadwale matenda opatsirana kudzera m’chiwerewere, amene angayambitse matenda a prostate.

Ndithudi prostate yanu iyenera kutetezedwa ndi kusamalidwa. Mwamuna uja amene watchulidwa kumayambiriro a nkhani ino ananena kuti anachiriratu atachitidwa opaleshoni. Iye akuganiza kuti “amuna onse ayenera kukayezetsa chaka ndi chaka podziteteza,” ngakhale atapanda zizindikiro zilizonse.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 17]

Mndandanda wa Zizindikiro za Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Zoyenera kuchita: Yankhani mafunso ali pamwambawa mwa kuzunguliza nambala yoyenera.

Mafunso 1-6 ayenera kuyankhidwa:

0—Palibiretu

1—Osafika kamodzi pa kasanu

2—Osafika theka

3—Pafupifupi theka

4—Kuposa theka

5—Pafupifupi nthaŵi ina iliyonse

1. Kodi mwezi watha, mutatha kukodza, ndi kangati pamene munamva ngati simunamalize kukodza bwinobwino? 0 1 2 3 4 5

2. Kodi mwezi watha, mutamaliza kukodza munakodzanso kangati maola aŵiri asanathe? 0 1 2 3 4 5

3. Kodi mwezi watha, ndi kangati kamene munaona kuti mwaima kukodza n’kuyambanso kambirimbiri? 0 1 2 3 4 5

4. Kodi mwezi watha, ndi kangati kamene munaona kuti kanakuvutani kuti musakodze kaye? 0 1 2 3 4 5

5. Kodi mwezi watha, ndi kangati kamene mkodzo wanu unatuluka pang’onopang’ono? 0 1 2 3 4 5

6. Kodi mwezi watha, ndi kangati kamene munafunikira kuchita kudzikakamiza kuti muyambe kukodza? 0 1 2 3 4 5

7. Kodi mwezi watha, ndi kangati mutagaŵa patsiku, kamene munadzuka usiku kukakodza kuyambira nthaŵi imene munapita kukagona mpaka nthaŵi imene munadzuka m’maŵa? (Zungulizani chiŵerengero cha nthaŵizo.) 0 1 2 3 4 5

Chiŵerengero cha manambala amene mwazunguliza ndicho chizindikiro chanu cha BPH yanu. Poyambirira: 0-7; Pakatikati: 8-19; Podetsa nkhaŵa: 20-35.

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Kuchokera ku bungwe la American Urological Association

[Bokosi patsamba 18]

Kuchiritsa BPH

▪ MANKHWALA: Mankhwala ambiri osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito, malinga ndi zizindikiro za wodwala aliyense. Dokotala wanu yekha ndiye angakulembereni mankhwala ake.

▪ KUDIKIRIRA MOSAMALA: Wodwala amaonedwa ndi dokotala panthaŵi yake ndipo sagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

▪ KUCHIRITSA KWA OPALESHONI:

(a) Pochita opaleshoni yotchedwa transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), dokotala wa opaleshoni amapisa kachipangizo (resectoscope) m’mtsempha wa mkodzo kamene kali ndi kachingwe kamagetsi kamene kamadula mnofu n’kumatanso mitsempha ya magazi. Sifunika kucheka kwina kulikonse pakhungu. Imatenga pafupifupi mphindi 90. Opaleshoni yochita kupisa m’mtsempha wa mkodzo siŵaŵa kwambiri ngati maopaleshoni ochita kucheka pakhungu.

(b) Opaleshoni yotchedwa transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) ili ngati ya TURP. Komabe, njira imeneyi imakulitsa mtsempha wa mkodzo mwa kuuchekacheka pang’ono pamene umalumikizana ndi chikhodzodzo komanso kuchekacheka pang’ono prostate yomweyo.

(c) Opaleshoni ya pakhungu imachitidwa pamene njira yopisa m’mtsempha wa mkodzo singatheke chifukwa chakuti prostate yatupa kwambiri. Opaleshoni imeneyi imafunika kuchita kucheka pakhungu.

(d) Opaleshoni ya “laser” imagwiritsa ntchito kuunika kwamphamvu kwa laser kufafaniza zotupa zotsekereza mu prostate.

Wodwala ndiye ayenera kusankha thandizo limene angafune ngati lilipo. Nkhani yaposachedwapa m’magazini a The New York Times inati akatswiri ena akukayikira ngakhale kuyeza munthu kuona ngati ali ndi kansa ya prostate, makamaka akakhala amuna achikulire, popeza kuti “nthendayi imakula pang’onopang’ono kosati n’kuwonongeratu thanzi lake, pamene kuyesa kuichiritsa kungabweretse matenda ena aakulu kwambiri.”

[Bokosi patsamba 18]

Mafunso Amene Mungafunse Dokotala Wanu Musanachitidwe Opaleshoni

1. Kodi ndi opaleshoni yamtundu wanji imene mukugwirizana nayo?

2. Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani ndikufunika opaleshoni?

3. Kodi pali njira zina kupatulapo opaleshoni?

4. Kodi mapindu ake n’chiyani ochitidwa opaleshoni?

5. Kodi kuopsa kwake n’kotani kochitidwa opaleshoni? (Mwachitsanzo, kutayika kwa magazi kapena kufa mpheto.)

6. Bwanji ngati n’tapanda kuchitidwa opaleshoni?

7. Kodi ndi kuti kwina kumene ndingakafunsenso?

8. Kodi munachitapo opaleshoni imeneyi popanda kuika munthu magazi?

9. Kodi opaleshoni yake idzachitidwira kuti? Kodi madokotala ndi manesi ake amalemekeza ufulu wa wodwala pankhani ya kuikidwa magazi?

10. Kodi ndi mtundu uti wogonetsa tulo umene ndidzafunika kuchitidwa? Kodi wogonetsa tuloyo amadziŵa za kuchita opaleshoni popanda kuika magazi?

11. Kodi padzatenga nthaŵi yaitali bwanji kuti ndikhalenso bwino?

12. Kodi opaleshoniyo idzafunika kulipira ndalama zingati?

[Chithunzi patsamba 16]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

Chithunzi cha chiuno cha mwamuna

Chikhodzodzo

Prostate

Thumbo la mudzi

Mtsempha wa mkodzo

[Chithunzi patsamba 19]

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndi kantchito kothamangitsa magazi zingathandize kuchepetsa vuto la kansa ya “prostate”