Mavuto Oyesa Kuchita Zinthu Zambiri

MAYIKO A MASIKU ANO A AZUNGU ATENGEKA NDI CHANGU NDI KUPEPUTSA ZINTHU.

MAKINA otsukira mbale amapeputsa ntchito m’khichini. Nawonso makina ochapira zovala amapeputsanso ntchito m’chipinda chochapira. Anthu ambiri safunikiranso kuchita kuchoka panyumba kuti akagule zinthu ndi kukaika ndalama kubanki ayi—amangoyatsa kompyuta yawo n’kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti.

Inde, dziko m’mbali zina, lili ndi zipangizo zamitundumitundu zopeputsa ntchito. Pachifukwachi, mungaganize kuti anthu ayenera kukhala ndi nthaŵi yochuluka yokhala ndi mabanja awo ndi yopuma. Komabe, ambiri kaŵirikaŵiri amati atopa kwambiri ndiponso apsinjika maganizo kusiyana n’kale lonse. Zoyambitsa zake n’zambiri ndiponso zovuta.

Zina mwa zoyambitsazo ndi vuto la zachuma. Bungwe la ku Australia la Australian Centre for Industrial Relations Research and Training linapenda maola amene anthu amathera kuntchito m’dzikolo n’kupeza kuti “ambiri amagwira ntchito nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi maola oposa 49 pamlungu” ndiponso kuti “kugwira ntchito maola ochuluka ameneŵa kumasokoneza kwambiri moyo pabanja ndi pamudzi wonse.” Anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito amasankha kukhala kumalo abwinopo abata kutali ndi mizinda. Zimenezi zingafune kuyenda maola ambiri mlungu uliwonse, mwinanso tsiku lililonse, kukwera sitima zapamtunda ndi mabasi odzaza kwambiri kapena kuyenda m’misewu yapiringupiringu. Zimenezi zingawonjeze maola ogwira ntchito komanso nkhaŵa zake.

Kodi Mumavutika ndi Tulo?

Mavuto a tulo afala zaka zaposachedwa pompa moti zipatala za tulo azitsegula m’madera ambiri padziko lonse. Ofufuza apeza kuti ngati nthaŵi zonse anthu sagona mokwanira, amayamba kuvutika ndi tulo. Mwachibadwa, thupi lawo limafuna kupeza tulo timeneti ndipo limawakakamiza kutero ndipo amatopa. Koma chifukwa cha moyo wamasiku anowa wosoŵa tulo, anthu ambiri amakhalabe ndi vuto la kutopa kwambiri.

M’dziko lina la Azungu, nthaŵi yogona yatsika ndi maperesenti 20 m’zaka 100 zapitazo, kuchoka pa maola asanu ndi anayi usiku umodzi kufika pa maola asanu ndi aŵiri. Ofufuza apeza umboni wakuti vuto la tulo limayambitsa mavuto a kuphunzira ndi kuiŵalaiŵala, kufooka thupi, ndi kufooketsa mphamvu yoteteza thupi ku matenda. Ambirife tatulukira tokha kuti munthu wotopa ndi amenenso amakonda kulakwitsa zinthu. Kuipa kwake n’koti zolakwa zimenezi zingakhale zazikulu kwambiri ndiponso zoopsa.

Mavuto Oopsa a Kutopa

Kutopa chifukwa chogwira ntchito maola ochuluka patsiku ndi kuchotsa antchito ena akuti zinachititsa ngozi zoopsa chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20 zapitazi. Zina mwa zimenezo ndi ngozi ya nyukliya pamalo opangira magetsi ku Chernobyl, ku Ukraine; kuphulika kwa chombo cha m’mlengalenga chotchedwa Challenger; mafuta otayika m’thankala yotchedwa  Exxon Valdez imene inagunda chimwala ku Prince William Sound, ku Alaska.

Kuphulika kumene kunachitika ku Chernobyl kunachitika panthaŵi yoyesa mwapadera pamalo opangira magetsi. Martin Moore-Ede analemba m’buku lake lakuti The 24-Hour Society kuti “amene amayang’anira kuyesako ndi gulu lotopa kwambiri la akatswiri a zamagetsi amene anakhala pa malowo pafupifupi maola khumi ndi atatu, mwinanso kuposa pamenepo chifukwa chochedwa ndi maola enanso khumi kuti apeze chilolezo kuti ayambe.” Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, malinga ndi kufufuza kwa posachedwapa, rediyeshoni yakhala ndi zotsatira zake zokhalitsa. Zina ndi kuchuluka kwa ana odwala kansa ya pakhosi ku Ukraine kuyambira mu 1986.

Atafufuza kwambiri chomwe chinachititsa kuti chombo cha m’mlengalenga cha Challenger chiphulike, anthu otumidwa ndi pulezidenti kukafufuza analemba m’lipoti lawo kuti gulu lina la antchito linapitirira nthaŵi yawo ya ovataimu yamaola 20 ka 480 ndipo linanso ka 2,512. Lipotilo linawonjeza kunena kuti chifukwa chinanso chimene chinachititsa kuti alamule kuti chombocho chinyamuke nthaŵi yosayenera ndi kulema kwa oyang’anira chifukwa cha “kugwira ntchito maola ambirimbiri kwa masiku ambiri ndi kusagona tulo tokwanira.” Lipotilo linanenanso kuti “ngati ovataimu yapitirira muyeso, ntchitoyo sigwirika bwinobwino ndipo mpata woti anthu alakwitse umakula.”

Malinga ndi kunena kwa akuluakulu a bungwe la antchito, kuchepetsa ogwira ntchito, kumene amaganiza kuti kumachepetsa ndalama zotayidwa pogwira ntchitoyo, kunapangitsa kuti amalinyero a sitima ya Exxon Valdez agwire ntchito kwa maola ambiri ndi kuchita ntchito zinanso. Lipoti la ngoziyo linafotokoza kuti wothandiza pantchitoyo, amene anali kuyang’anira chombocho pamene ngoziyo inachitika patangopitirira pakati pa usiku, sanagone kuyambira m’mamaŵa tsikulo. Pafupifupi malita 42 miliyoni a mafuta—mafuta ochuluka amene sanatayikepo choncho m’mbiri ya dziko la United States—anawononga koopsa magombe ndi zachilengedwe ndipo anawonongetsa ndalama zoposa madola 2 biliyoni kuti ayeretse malowo.

 Mavuto Osaonekera a Kutopa

Malinga ndi mmene ena akuganizira, kutopa kumawonongetsa dziko madola osachepera 377 biliyoni chaka ndi chaka! Koma ndalama zimene amawonongazo kaya zichuluke motani sizingafanane ndi moyo ndi thanzi la munthu, zimenenso zimakhudzidwa kaŵirikaŵiri. Mwachitsanzo, taganizani ngozi za pamsewu. Malinga ndi chipatala cha zatulo ku Sydney, ku Australia, ngozi za pamsewu 20 kapena 30 pa 100 m’dzikolo zimachitika chifukwa chakuti oyendetsa ake amagona galimoto likuyenda. Ku United States, akulingalira kuti kusinza kumachititsanso ngozi za galimoto zosachepera 100,000 pachaka.

Komabe, zotsatira zake za kutopa si zokhazo ayi. Wovulala pangozi amene am’tengera msanga kuchipatala kuti akam’thandize angaganize kuti dokotala wake ndi wochangamuka ndiponso watcheru. Koma chifukwa chokhala ndi ntchito yochuluka ndi maola ambiri, dokotalayo sangakhale wochangamuka ndi watcheru! Lipoti la Australian Institute of Health and Welfare linavumbula kuti pafupifupi madokotala 10 pa 100 anali kugwira ntchito maola opitirira 65 pamlungu, 17 pa akatswiri onse 100 ochiritsa mtundu umodzi wa matenda anapitirira maola amenewo, ndipo “madokotala aang’ono” 5 pa 100 anagwira ntchito maola oposa 80 pamlungu!

“Makina n’ngotetezeka chifukwa cha mabuku ofotokoza kagwiridwe kake, mawu ochenjeza, ndi makosi ophunzitsa,” akutero Martin Moore-Ede. “Anthu amafika padziko pano alibe chitetezo choterocho. . . . Zoona zake n’zakuti sitidziŵa zambiri mmene munthu anapangidwira poyerekeza ndi mmene timadziŵira makina ndi mapulogalamu a kompyuta amene munthuyo amagwiritsa ntchito.”

Thupi lathu lilibe magetsi oyaka otichenjeza ndi maalamu amene amatiuza kuti tisiye kapena kuti tichite ntchitoyo pang’onopang’ono. Komabe, limatipatsa zizindikiro zochenjeza. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kutopa kwa nthaŵi yaitali, kuchita msunamo, kupsinjika maganizo, ndi kugwidwa msanga ndi matenda ofala. Ngati muganiza kuti muli ndi zizindikiro zimenezi koma mulibe vuto lina kapena matenda ena, mwina ndi nthaŵi yakuti mufufuzenso moyo wanu.

Mmene Kutanganidwa Kwambiri Kumawonongera Ubale

Moyo wopsinjika maganizo ndi wosagona tulo umawononganso ubale wa anthu. Taganizani nkhani ya John ndi Maria, ongokwatirana kumene. * Ankafuna zimene mabanja ambiri ongokwatirana kumene amafuna—nyumba yabwino ndi ndalama zokwanira. Choncho onse anakaloŵa ntchito. Koma chifukwa cha kusiyana mashifiti, analibe nthaŵi yochuluka yokhalira limodzi. Posakhalitsa ubale wawo unayamba kusokonezeka. Komabe, ananyalanyaza zizindikirozo n’kupitirizabe kugwira ntchito zawo zotangwanitsazo mpaka ukwati wawo, umene unali usanakhazikike kwenikweni, unatha.

“Ofufuza amasonyeza kuti chiŵerengero cha  kusudzulana m’mabanja ogwira ntchito za mashifiti ndi chokwera ndi maperesenti 60 kuposa cha ogwira ntchito masana,” limatero buku lakuti The 24-Hour Society. Komabe, kaya amagwira ntchito za mashifiti kapena ayi, mabanja ambiri amayesa kudzipanikiza kwambiri moti pamapeto pake amathetsa ukwati wawo. Kwa ena, kupsinjika maganizo ndi kutopa kungawachititsenso kukhala ndi moyo wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi uchidakwa ndiponso chizoloŵezi chosadya—zinthu zimene zimawonjezera kutopa komanso zingayambitse mavuto ena ambiri, ngakhale kuchitira nkhanza ana.

Pofuna kuwathandiza makolo kuti athe kugwira ntchito zopanikiza, malo osamalira ana akuchulukirachulukira, ena akumagwira ntchito maola 24. Komabe, ana ambiri mlezi wawo weniweni ndi wailesi ya kanema. Inde, kuti ana adzakule kukhala achikulire audindo ndi ogwirizana ndi ena, afunika nthaŵi yochuluka yocheza ndi makolo awo. Choncho, makolo amene amalekerera kwambiri ana awo chifukwa choyesa kukhala ndi moyo wapamwamba kwambiri angachite bwino kuona ngati zimene akuchitazo ziwathandiza ana awo ndi iwo eni.

M’dziko la masiku anoŵa lofulumira kutsogola ndi zaumisiri, kaŵirikaŵiri nawonso achikulire amakhudzidwa. Kufulumira kusintha kwa zinthu ndi kuchulukirachulukira kwa zipangizo zatsopano zamagetsi pamsika kumapangitsa ambiri kusokonezeka, kukhala osatetezeka, kukhala amantha, kapenanso kukhala achikale. Ndiye kodi tsogolo lawo n’lotani?

Kodi tonsefe, ana ndi akulu omwe, palibe chimene tingachite kusiyapo kungolamulidwa ndi dziko limene likuoneka kuti silisiya kuthamanga? Kapena kodi pali zinthu zina zimene tingachite kuti zitithandize kuthana nazo ndi kuwongolera moyo wathu? Ubwino wake n’ngwakuti zilipo zimene tingachite, malinga ndi mmene tidzaonera m’nkhani yotsatira.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Zithunzi patsamba 18]

Ngozi ya nyukiliya ku Chernobyl, kuphulika kwa chombo cha m’mlengalenga cha “Challenger” ndi kutayika kwa mafuta m’chombo cha “Exxon Valdez” kungakhale kutachitika chifukwa chotopa

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Mwa chilolezo cha U.S Department of Energy’s International Nuclear Safety Program

Chithunzi cha a NASA

[Zithunzi patsamba 19]

Moyo wotangwanika ungasokoneze maukwati

[Chithunzi patsamba 20]

Pofuna kuti athane ndi vutolo, ena amamwa moŵa mwauchidakwa