Moto!—Kodi Muyenera Kuuzimitsa ndi Chida Chiti?

NTHAŴI zambiri tikaona kabotolo kopachikidwa pachipupa kaja timangokadutsa mosakaganizira n’komwe! Komatu tsiku lina, kangadzapulumutse ofesi kapena fakitale yathu kapenanso nyumba yathu kuti isapse. Zozimira moto zam’manja zingathandize kupeŵa mavuto ang’onoang’ono kuti asafike poipa kwambiri. Mavutowa ndi monga pani ikagwira moto pachitofu kapena makatani akayaka chifukwa cha mbaula yootha. Monga zida zothandiza mwamsanga, zozimirazi anazipanga n’cholinga choti zizithana ndi mdani wolusayu asanakule mphamvu.

Mdaniyu amabwera m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Angabwere monga moto wogwira zinthu zamatabwa, moto wamafuta ndi wagasi, moto wamagetsi. Motero, nazo zozimira moto zam’manja zimakhala zosiyanasiyana. Nthaŵi zambiri, mumafuna kudziŵa mdani wanu ndiponso zida zanu. Koma sikuti muyenera kukhala odziŵa monga amachitira ozimitsa moto, koma muyenera kudziŵa mfundo zingapo chabe zofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, kodi inuyo mukanatani mukanakumana ndi izi?

Khukhi wina wophika buledi anali kutenthetsa chikombole cha mapani 20 atsopano, ataikamo mafuta okwana bwino pokonzekera kuphika buledi. Koma chitofu chinali ndi vuto lolephera kuchepetsa chokha moto, motero chinatentha kwambiri mwakuti mafutawo anayamba kuchita utsi. Khukhiyo, atavala magulovesi, anatsegula uvuni ya chitofu chija ndi kutulutsa chikombolecho. Koma potero, analola mphepo kukupiza mafutawo. Ndiye kunangomveka kuti buu! Malaŵi a moto woyaka wokha anafika mpaka kudenga. Khukhi uja sanavulale ndipo anachoka chothamanga n’kubwerera m’timphindi tochepa atatenga chibotolo chozimira moto popopera mpweya wa kaboni dayokisaidi ndipo anazimitsa motowo mwamsanga. Koma nthaŵi yomweyo utsi unachulukanso, ndipo mafuta aja anayakanso. Zimenezi zinachitika kanayi! Poopa kuti mpweya wozimira moto uja ungathe, khukhi uja anatenga chinsalu chozimira moto chomwe anachipachika chapafupi pompo ndi kuchiponya pa chikombolecho. Mtima wake unakhala pansi chifukwa chinauzimiratu moto uja.

Kaŵirikaŵiri, timafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida zabwino kwambiri zimene tili nazo kuti tizimitsiretu moto wochepa koma woopsa. Koma khukhiyu akanadziŵa za moto wobuka wokha, umene umakonda kuyaka pakangokhala utsi, bwenzi atangozimitsa uvuniwo, n’kusatsegula zitseko zake, kuti zimene zinali muuvunizo zizizire pazokha. Kapenanso adakayambira kugwiritsa  ntchito chinsalu chozimira moto chija, kenaka m’pamene adakagwiritsa ntchito chibotolo cha mpweya wa kaboni dayokisaidi. Mulimonsemo, nkhaniyi ikusonyeza kufunika kodziŵako pang’ono zoyambitsa moto ndiponso kuuzimitsa kwake.

Zinthu Zitatu Zopanga Moto

Kuphatikiza zinthu zitatu n’kumene kumabutsa moto ndipo masamu ake n’ngosachita kufunsa: kuphatikiza chinthu chotha kuyaka ndi mpweya wa okusijeni komanso ndi kutentha ndiye kuti mupanga moto. Kungochotsapo chimodzi mwa zinthu zimenezi, ndiye kuti motowo mwauzimitsa ndiponso mwapeŵa kuyambitsa wina. Tiyeni tione mmene zimenezi zimathekera.

CHINTHU CHOTHA KUYAKA: Pamene palibe choti n’kuyaka, moto umafa monga mmene ifenso timafera popanda chakudya. Akamazimitsa moto wam’tchire anthu ozimitsa moto amadziŵa zimenezi polambula njira zotsekereza moto wolusa. Mukakhala m’khichini mmene amaphikira gasi, kutsekereza moto kungakhale kungotseka gasiyo. Koma nthaŵi zina kuchita zimenezi kungakhale kovuta mwinanso kosatheka.

OKUSIJENI: Apanso moto umafanana nafe chifukwa nawo umafuna mpweya. Mukathira pamoto dothi lokwana fosholo yathunthu kapena kuponyapo chinsalu chozimira moto, umazirala. Koma sikuti okusijeni amayenera kutheratu kuti moto uzime. Mukachepetsa okusijeni wopezeka pamoto kuchokera pa 21 peresenti imene ili mumpweya n’kufika pa 15 peresenti, zinthu zambiri monga zamadzimadzi zotha kuyaka ngakhalenso zinthu zina zolimba—sizithanso kuyaka.

KUTENTHA: Kutentha koyambitsa moto kungachokere pa mbaula yootha, chitofu, mawaya amagetsi oloŵa paswichi imene alumikizapo zinthu zambiri, moto wothetheka kapena khala, mphezi, kapena zomera zoola, mankhwala oyaka, kapena zinthu zina zosiyanasiyana. Kumbukirani kuti mukaona utsi, makamaka wochokera pamafuta a nyama kapena ophikira amene aterekedwa, ndiye kuti moto woyaka wokha uyamba posakhalitsa.

Zopangidwa Kaamba ka Moto Uliwonse Wochepa

Nyumba zambiri zokhala anthu sizikhala ndi zozimira moto, koma malamulo amati mafakitale, maofesi, ndiponso nyumba zimene anthu osiyanasiyana amafikako zikhale nazo. Mitundu yake yodziŵika bwino ndiyo madzi, mankhwala amadzimadzi, thovu, mtundu wina wa ufa wouma, ndi kaboni dayokisaidi. Zozimira moto zogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa halon ayamba kuzisiya chifukwa akuti zimawononga mpweya wa ozoni wokhala m’mlengalenga. Pothandiza anthu kuti athe kusankha chozimira choyenera pakabuka moto mwadzidzidzi, zozimira zambiri amajambulapo zithunzi zosonyeza malo amene angazigwiritse ntchito ndi amene sangatero, mwinanso amagwiritsa ntchito utoto wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo zambiri zimakhala ndi zilembo, monga A, B, kapena C, zosonyeza mitundu ya moto umene zingazimitse. Akangokanikiza chopopera, mpweya wamphamvu umene umakhala m’zozimirazi umakankhira panja mankhwala ozimira motowo mothamanga kwambiri kudzera kukamwa kwake. Chifukwa chakuti zozimira moto zimakhala ndi mpweya wamphamvu, ziyenera kuyesedwa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi. Ndipo zozimirazi nthaŵi zonse  ziyenera kupachikidwa pafupi ndi khomo lotulukira ndipo ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kuzifikira. Tiyeni tsopano tipendeko pang’ono mtundu uliwonse wa zozimira moto zimenezi.

Zozimitsa za mtundu wa ufawo zili ndi mankhwala amene amazimitsa moto ndipo tingati ndiwo chida chozimira moto wamtundu uliwonse. Ufawo n’ngwothandiza pozimitsa moto wa gulu la A ndi la B ndipo umathandizanso pozimitsa moto wa gulu la C (wa zinthu zamagetsi). M’pake kuti mankhwala ozimira moto wosiyanasiyana ameneŵa amateteza bwino zedi nyumba yanu. Ufa wakewu umadetsa pamalo, komano zimenezi n’zazing’ono poyerekeza ndi zimene moto ungachite!

Zozimitsa za madzi amphamvu zimathandiza pa moto wa mapepala, matabwa, mapulasitiki, zinyalala, kapena zinthu zansalu. Nthaŵi zambiri moto umenewu umatchedwa wa gulu la A. Madzi amazimitsa bwino kwambiri moto chifukwa chakuti amaziziritsa kwambiri kutentha. Akakhala okwanira, madziwo amaziziritsa kutenthako mwamsanga kwambiri mwakuti motowo umalephera kukolera, motero umazilara. Koma musagwiritse ntchito madzi pozimira moto wa zamadzimadzi zotha kuyaka. Mukatero mumangokolezera motowo kukhala chimoto chadzaoneni! Chifukwanso chakuti madzi amagwira magetsi, musawagwiritse ntchito kapenanso kugwiritsa ntchito chida chilichonse chamadzi pamene pangakhale mawaya amagetsi.

Zozimitsa za mankhwala amadzimadzi zimakhala zamadzi osakanikirana ndi mchere wa soda wamitundumitundu ndipo zimagwira ntchito makamaka polimbana ndi moto wa mafuta a nyama ndi ophikira koma osati wa zinthu zopangidwa ndi mafuta okumba m’zitsime. Zimathandizanso polimbana ndi moto wa m’gulu la A.

Zozimitsa zathovu zimakhala bwino kuzigwiritsa ntchito pa moto wa gulu la A komanso makamaka pa moto wa mankhwala amadzimadzi amene amatha kuyaka (girizi, mafuta onga a galimoto, ndiponso utoto) wodziŵika kuti ndi moto wa m’gulu la B. Pali mitundu iŵiri ya zozimitsa zathovu, motero yambani mwadziŵa umene uli woyenera kwa inu. Mukathira thovulo pa mankhwala amadzimadzi amene akuyaka, limawaphimba ndipo utsi umene ukufuka sungayakenso ndiponso limatsekereza mpweya wa okusijeni. Motero, muyenera kuthira thovulo pang’onopang’ono kuti lisaloŵe pansi pa mankhwala amadzimadziwo, koma kuti lingoyala pamwamba pake. Samalani kuti musagwiritse ntchito thovu pafupi ndi magetsi.

Zozimitsa za kaboni dayokisaidi mungazigwiritse ntchito pozimitsa moto wamtundu uliwonse kupatulapo moto wa gasi. Zimatha kutero chifukwa chakuti kaboni dayokisaidi imachotsa okusijeni. Koma monga taonera poyamba paja, chinthu choyakacho chikapanda kuzizira, n’zotheka kuti moto ungabukenso wokha. Kaboni dayokisaidi ndi mpweya, motero sugwira bwino ntchito panja pamene pamawomba mphepo. Komabe chifukwa chakuti sudetsa, ambiri amaukonda pozimira makina osavuta kuwonongeka ndiponso zipangizo zamagetsi. Komabe m’nyumba, mpweya umenewu umam’banikitsa munthu, motero mukamaugwiritsa ntchito m’malo otere, onetsetsani kuti mutuluke motowo ukangozima ndipo mutseke chitseko.

 Chinsalu chozimira moto * n’chothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi moto ndipo n’chosavuta komanso n’choyeneradi pozimitsa moto waung’ono, monga umene ungabuke pamwamba pa chitofu m’khichini kapena pakapeti. Ingokokani chinsalucho pakhomapo pakachitsulo kokongola kamene amachipachikapo ndi kuchitambasula mutachiika kutsogolo kwanu potchinjiriza malaŵi a moto, ndiye phimbani nacho motowo. Komatu ngati simunaterobe, zimitsani msanga gwero la kutenthako ngati n’kotheka.

Nsalu zozimira moto zimapulumutsanso ngati malaya anu atagwira moto. Zoterezi zikachitika, kumbukirani lamulo lofunika ili: “Imani, igwani pansi, zigubuduzikani.” Osathamanga; mukamatero mumangokolezera malaŵiwo. Ngati inuyo mungathe kudzikulungiza m’chinsalu chozimira moto kapena ngati munthu wina aliyense angatero pamene mukugubuduzika, mungathe kuuzimitsa motowo mwamsanga zedi.

Chida Chabwino Choposa Zozimira Moto

Njira yabwino koposa yoteteza moto ndiyo kuupeŵa; motero khalani anzeru. Ikani machesi ndi zoyatsira moto zina posafikira ana. Katundu yense wotha kuyaka amene ali pachitofu chanu kapena pafupi nacho mum’chotse. Osaphika mutavala zovala za manja aatali alendelende omwe angagwire moto. Ikitsani zipangizo zochenjeza pakabuka moto m’nyumba mwanu.

Nazi njira zina zothandiza. Osalumikiza zipangizo zamagetsi zambirimbiri pamalo amodzi. Osasiya mafuta a nyama kapena ophikira akuŵira pachitofu chotentha popanda munthu wowayang’anira. Samalaninso pamene mukuika mbaula yootha. Ngati pafupi ndi nyumba yanu pali mabotolo a gasi, potulukira mpweya paja—pamene pangathe kubutsa moto wadzaoneni—pasaloze kuli nyumba. Gwiritsani ntchito mafyuzi amagetsi a saizi yoyenera. Sinthani zingwe zamagetsi zimene zili zowonongeka.

Kodi munaganizapo zoyeserera kuzima moto panyumba panu? Zingathedi kupulumutsa moyo wanu. Konzani zakuti banja lanulo lidzakumane pamalo alionse odziŵika bwinobwino ndiponso osavuta kupezanapo masana kapena usiku. Ndipo gaŵanani zochita: Kodi adzapulumutse ana kapena osatha kuyenda ndani? Kodi adzaitane ozimitsa moto ndani? Inde, kuyesereratu kumapulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu chifukwa kumawakonzekeretsa kudzachita zofunikira, ndipo sazengereza.

Zinthu Zikafika Pothina

Kumbukirani kuti mutha kupezanso katundu wina koma moyo simungaupezenso. Musaike moyo wanu pachiswe kuti muzimitse moto. Ngati mungalimbane ndi motowo popanda chovuta, teroni mutakhala pamalo amene simungavutike kutuluka pakhomo. Koma ngati mukukayika zakuti chozimira chimene muli nacho n’chosayenera kapena ngati mukuona kuti sichingazimitse motowo pakuti n’ngwaukulu, tulukani mwamsanga ndi kukaitana ozimitsa moto.

Dziŵaninso kuti utsi, makamaka utsi wapoizoni wochokera ku zinthu zopangidwa ndi mankhwala, umapha anthu ambiri poyerekeza ndi malaŵi a moto. Ungathe kupha munthu pasanathe mphindi ziŵiri! Motero pothaŵa m’nyumba imene ikuyaka, yendani choŵerama. Pansi pamakhala utsi wochepa ndipo mpweya wake umakhala wozizirirapo. Ngati n’kotheka gwirani pakamwa panu ndi kansalu konyowa. Musanatsegule chitseko, chikhudzeni kaye ndi kumbuyo kwa dzanja lanu. Ngati chili chotentha ndiye kuti kuseri kuli moto; pezani khomo lina lotulukira. Ndipo tsekani chitseko chilichonse mukangotuluka. Zimenezi zimachepetsa okusijeni kuti isafike pamotowo. Zikepe ndiye musayesere dala kuloŵamo pakabuka moto chifukwa zingathe kukutsekerani n’kusanduka ng’anjo yoti mupseremo!

Motero ngati mukuganiza zogula zida zotetezera moto panyumba, m’galimoto, kapena malonda anu, zingakhale bwino kukambirana nkhaniyi ndi oyang’anira zozimitsa moto kudera kwanuko. Mfundo zina ndi zina zingasiyane m’mayiko osiyanasiyana ndipo n’zosatheka kulongosola zonse m’nkhani ino.

Mulimonsemo, nthaŵi ina mukadzaonanso kabotolo kopachikidwa pachipupa kaja, dzaimeni ndi kukadziŵa bwino. Tsiku lina kangadzakuthandizeni kwambiri.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 25]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

MOTO

chinthu chotha kuyaka

kutentha

okusijeni

[Zithunzi]

GULU LA A

GULU LA B

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Chozimitsira Moto chotchedwa Chubb

[Chithunzi patsamba 26]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

Zovala zanu zikagwira moto, musathamange

1. IMANI

2. IGWANI PANSI

3. ZIGUBUDUZIKANI

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

© Coastal Training Technologies Corp. Reproduced by Permission

[Chithunzi patsamba 24]

Pali zida zambiri zozimira moto wamitundumitundu wa panyumba

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Chinthuzi chili pamwambachi: Chasindikizidwa mwa chilolezo cha bungwe la NFPA 10-1998, Portable Fire Extinguishers, Copyright © 1998, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02269. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.