Kodi Tsogolo la Mizinda Ndi Lotani?

“TIKAMAPHUNZIRA za mizinda yathu ndiye kuti tikuona zam’tsogolo mwathu.” Ismail Serageldin wa ku World Bank ananena choncho. Koma malingana ndi zomwe taona pakali pano, tsogolo limenelo silikuoneka ngati labwino.

N’zoonadi kuti anthu akuyesetsa kwambiri kuti moyo ukhale wabwinopo m’matauni ambiri. M’mumzinda wa New York City posachedwa pompa amaliza kukonzanso bwino malo a zisudzo otchedwa Times Square omwe ali ku Manhattan. Poyamba, mzindawu unali wotchuka chifukwa cha zithunzi zolaula, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndiponso umbanda. Koma panopo, masitolo ndiponso malo oonetserako zisudzo angoyalana m’mphepete mwa misewu ndipo zimenezi zimakopa alendo ambiri. Mzinda wa Naples, ku Italy unawonongekeratu pa nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse. Komatu magazini yotchedwa National Geographic inati “mzindawu n’ngosangalatsa kwambiri komanso wotsogola, ndipo unakhalako m’gulu limodzi ndi mizinda ya London ndi Paris. Mzinda wa Naples unadzaza ndi upandu komanso unasokonezekeratu. Komabe, pamene mzindawu anausankha kukhala malo oti akakambiraneko za ndale mu 1994, anaukonzanso apo ndi apo, makamaka kulikulu la mzindawu.

Inde, kukhala ndi mizinda yotetezeka komanso yaudongo kuli ndi poipira pake. Kaŵirikaŵiri kuti pakhale chitetezo chokwanira ndiye kutinso payenera kukhala apolisi ambiri. Vuto lina lingakhale lokhudza zachinsinsi. Malo ena opezeka anthu ambiri nthaŵi zonse amayang’aniridwa ndi makamera a wailesi yakanema ndiponso apolisi ovala zovala wamba. Mukamayenda mu paki n’kumadutsa akasupe amadzi othuvuka, kapena mukamadutsa zoumbaumba, kapenanso pamene pali maluŵa, mosadziŵa mungamadutse pamalo pamene akukuunikani.

Nthaŵi zina kutukula malo kumaika anthu osauka pamavuto aakulu. Tatiyeni tione khalidwe limene ena amati n’kutukula malo. Zimachitika n’zakuti anthu olemera amatenga malo amene poyamba anali a anthu osauka. Pamapeto pake kutukula malo kumeneku kumasintha kuyenda kwa zachuma. “Anthu amasiya ntchito yopanga zinthu paokha n’kuyamba kugwira ntchito yolembedwa, amasiya kudzidalira pa maluso awo n’kuyamba kudalira makina,” linatero buku lotchedwa Gentrification of the City, lomwe akonzi ake ndi Neil Smith ndi Peter Williams. Ntchito wamba zikamatha ndipo anthu antchito zapamwamba ndi zaluso akamafunika ambiri, nyumba zabwinopo zimafunikanso zambiri. Mmalo moti aziyendera  kuchoka kumalo akunja kwa mzinda, antchito ambiri olandira ndalama zambiri amakonda kungokonzanso bwinobwino nyumba za m’madera amene anali osaukawo.

Mwachionekere, zimenezi zimachititsa kuti maderawo akhale otukuka. Koma maderawo akamatukuka, mitengo ya zinthu imakwera, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri osauka aja amaona kuti sangathenso kukhala kuderali ngakhale kuti anakhala akugwirako ntchito kwa zaka zambiri!

Kodi Uku N’kutha kwa Mizinda?

Mwina mizinda yayamba kusintha chifukwa cha zaumisiri zatsopano. Anthu ambiri akayamba kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ngati njira yoodetsera katundu ndi kuchita malonda, zinthu zingasinthe kwambiri. Chifukwa cha umisiri watsopano makampani ena ayamba kale kupezekanso kunja kwa mizinda, n’kumakhala ndi anthu ambiri antchito.

Kugula zinthu ndiponso kugwira ntchito pa makompyuta kukayamba kufala, anthu sangaone chifukwa chodzivutitsira n’kupita kumsika kokhala anthu ambiri. Buku lakuti Cities in Civilization limati: “Tingathe kuona kuti m’tsogolomu anthu ogwira ntchito imodzimodzi, makamaka aganyu, nthaŵi zonse azidzagwirira ntchito kunyumba kapena kumalo ena apafupi, . . . ndipo potero magalimoto adzachepa pamsewu.” Wolemba mapulani wina dzina lake Moshe Safdie naye akuganiza kuti: “Zinthu zikadzasintha motere, n’zotheka kuti padziko lonse midzi yambiri idzatalikiranatalikirana, ndipo anthu okhalamo azidzakhala monga akutauni komanso pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ndiponso intaneti, chikhalidwe chawo chizidzafanana ndi cha m’mizinda ina yotchuka.”

Kodi N’chiyani Chidzachitikire Mizinda?

Anthu ambiri othirira ndemanga pankhaniyi akukhulupirira kuti zaumisiri zili apo, anthu sadzasiya kukopeka ndi mizinda chifukwa kutauni kumakhala ntchito ndiponso mwayi wochita zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mulimonse mmene zingadzakhalire m’tsogolo, koma panopo mizinda ya masiku ano ili m’mavuto! Ndipo sizikuoneka kuti papezeka njira yowathandizira anthu ambiri osauka am’tauni amenenso akuchuluka kwambiri pamavuto awo adzaoneni a kusoŵa nyumba ndiponso zaukhondo. Ndiponso palibe yemwe tingati watsala pang’ono kupeza njira yothetsera upandu, zowononga malo, kapena zoipitsa tauni.

Ena anganene kuti mayiko ndiwo amene ayenera kumapereka ndalama zambiri zothandizira mizinda yawo. Koma poganizira mbiri imene mayiko ambiri ali nayo pankhani ya kuyang’anira zinthu zawo, kodi n’kwanzeru kuganiza kuti mavuto a mizinda angathe kokha ngati patapezeka ndalama zowathetsera? Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, buku lakuti The Death and Life of Great American Cities linati: “N’kulakwitsa kwabasi kuganiza kuti ngati titangokhala ndi ndalama zokwanira zakuti tigwiritse ntchito . . . , ndiye kuti tingathetse mavuto onse a kuchulukana m’matauni athu . . . Chifukwatu pakali pano tawononga kale ndalama zochuluka kwambiri, koma taonani zinthu zimene tachita: Tamanga malo osalira ndalama zambiri koma amene mapeto ake asanduka kuchimake kophwanyirako malamulo, kowonongerako zinthu komanso kwa  makhalidwe oipa kuposa mmene zinalili poyamba.” Mawuŵa akuonekabe kukhala oona.

Koma ngati ndalama sizingathandize, ndiyeno chingathandize n’chiyani? Tisaiŵale kuti mizinda imakhalapo chifukwa cha anthu osangoti nyumba ndi misewu. Choncho, mfundo yaikulu n’njakuti anthu ndiwo ayenera kusintha ngati akufuna kuti mizinda ikhaleko bwino. “Chuma chachikulu chimene mzinda ungakhale nacho ndicho kusamala ndiponso kuphunzira kwa anthu ake,” anatero Lewis Mumford m’buku lakuti The City in History. Ndipo kuti tidzathetse kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, uhule, kuwononga malo, kusankhana, kuwononga zinthu, kulembalemba m’malo osiyanasiyana, ndiponso mavuto ena, pafunika kuchitapo zambiri osati kungochulukitsa apolisi kapena kungopentanso nyumbazo. Anthu afunika kuwathandiza kuti asinthiretu zoganiza ndi zochita zawo.

Kusintha kwa Oyang’anira

N’zoonekeratu kuti anthu sangasinthe zinthu kuti zifike mpaka pamenepa. Ndiye ngakhale anthu atayesetsa bwanji kuti athetse mavuto a mizinda ya masiku ano imeneyi, ndithudi sizidzatheka. Komabe, Ophunzira Baibulo sataya mtima chifukwa amaona kuti mavuto a m’matauni a masiku anoŵa ndi chitsanzo chinanso chosonyeza kuti anthu alephera kuyang’anira bwinobwino dziko lathu lapansili. Mizinda yamasiku ano yongomangidwa mwachisawawa komanso yosokonekera imasonyezeratu poyera kuti mawu a m’Baibulo pa Yeremiya 10:23 alidi oona. Mawuwo amati: “Njira ya munthu sili mwa iye mwini, sikuli kwa munthu woyenda kulongosola mapazi ake.” Kuyesa kwa anthu kuti adzilamulire okha kwabweretsa mavuto osasimbika, amene amachita kunyanya m’mizinda yathuyi.

Ndiye anthu okhala m’mizinda padziko lonse angalimbikitsidwe ndi lonjezo la m’Baibulo limene lili pa Chivumbulutso 11:18 lakuti Mulungu ‘adzawononga iwo akuwononga dziko.’ Kunena zoonadi, zimenezi zikusonyeza tsogolo labwino la anthu onse. Limalonjeza kuti Mulungu adzatenga ulamuliro wa dziko lathu lapansili pokhazikitsa boma, kapena Ufumu. (Danieli 2:44) Anthu onse sadzakhalanso ndi umphaŵi uliwonse, sadzasoŵanso nyumba zabwino ndipo adzakhala a ukhondo, azidzalemekezana, ndiponso sadzakhala opanda chiyembekezo. Mu ulamuliro wa Mulungu, anthu adzakhala ndi zinthu zambiri, athanzi labwino zedi, ndiponso adzakhala ndi nyumba zabwino.—Yesaya 33:24; 65:21-23.

Dziko latsopano limeneli n’lokhalo lomwe lingadzathetsedi mavuto a mizinda ya masiku anoyi.

[Zithunzi pamasamba 8, 9]

Anthu akuyesetsa kuti moyo ukhale wabwinopo m’matauni ambiri

Mzinda wa Naples, ku Italy

Mzinda wa New York City, ku America

Mzinda wa Sydney, ku Australia

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

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[Chithunzi patsamba 10]

Dziko latsopano la Mulungu lili ndi njira yothetsera mavuto a anthu okhala m’mizinda masiku ano