Kodi Njira Yothetsera Vutolo Ndiyo Ikulikulitsanso?

“Chinthu choipa kwambiri poyesa kusintha khalidwe loipa la akaidi ndicho kuwanyoza ndi kuwagwetsa mphwayi,” inatero NKHANI INA YA MU THE ATLANTA CONSTITUTION.

NTHAŴI zambiri ndende zimangoletsa zoipa kwakanthaŵi chabe. Kodi mkaidi akatuluka m’ndende, amakhaladi atakhaula mogwirizana ndi mlandu wakewo? Nanga olakwiridwawo kapena okondedwa awo zimawakhudza bwanji? “Ndine mayi wa mwana yemwe anaphedwa,” Rita anadandaula pamene  munthu amene anali ndi mlandu wakupha mwana wake wamwamuna wa zaka 16 anam’tulutsa m’ndende atangokhalamo kwa zaka zitatu basi. “Chonde taimani kaye muganizire zimenezi. Kodi mukuona mmene mtima unam’pwetekera mayiyu?” Monga mmene nkhani ya Rita ikusonyezera, nthaŵi zambiri pamakhalabe nkhani yomvetsa chisoni kwa nthaŵi yaitali makhoti atagamula kale mlandu ngakhale nkhaniyo itaiwalika m’nyuzi zimene zinaifalitsa kwambiri.

Nkhaniyi ndi yofunika kwa aliyense osati kwa anthu amene anakhudzidwako ndi za umbanda okha. Ndiponsotu, zimenezi zimakukhudzani chifukwa mungakhazikike maganizo komanso kutha mantha ngati akaidi omasulidwa asinthadi khalidwe. Koma simungatero ngati ukaidi wawaumitsiratu mtima.

Kokaphunzira Zaumbanda Wozama

Si kuti nthaŵi zonse ndende zimathetseratu khalidwe la umbanda. “Ngati ndalama zambiri zikuwonongedwa pomangira ndende zina mmalo mosintha khalidwe la akaidi, umbandawo umangoipiraipira,” analemba choncho Jill Smolowe m’magazini ya Time. Peter, * yemwe wakhala m’ndende zaka 14, angavomereze zimenezi. Iye anati: “Akaidi anzanga ambiri anayamba ndi timilandu tating’ono, kenaka anajaira n’kuyamba kuba katundu, mpaka n’kuyamba kuvutitsa anthu ena kwambiri.” “Kwa iwo ndende zili ngati makoleji. Akamatuluka m’ndendemo amakhala ataipiratu.”

Ngakhale kuti ndende zingasoŵetse ambanda kwakanthaŵi, zimaoneka kuti sizithetsa umbanda ngakhale pang’ono. Nthaŵi zambiri anyamata ndi abambo achinyamata a m’kati mwa mzinda amaona ngati kumangidwa ndicho chinthu chosonyeza kukula. Pamapeto pake amakhala apandu okakala mtima kwambiri. Larry yemwe ndi kabwerebwere anati: “Ndende siimasintha munthu ngakhale pang’ono. Akaidi akatuluka m’ndende amakachitabe zinthu zomwezo.”

Ukabwerebwere umenewu mwina ungatithandize kuona chifukwa chimene ofufuza ena ku United States anapeza kuti theka la milandu yonse ikuluikulu imachitidwa ndi apandu ochepa kwambiri. “Ngati akaidi alibe chochita chilichonse chopindulitsa, nthaŵi zambiri amangoganizira zimene adzachite akangowatulutsa komanso zimene aphunzirako . . . zomwe azikachita akawamasula,” inatero magazini ya Time.

Si kuti vuto limeneli lili ku United States kokha. John Vatis yemwe ndi dokotala pandende ya ankhondo ku Greece ananena kuti: “Ndende zathu zikungophunzitsa anthu kukhala ovutitsa, achiwawa, ndiponso oopsa. Akaidi ambiri akawamasula, amafuna kulipsira pa anthu.”

Mmene Anthu Ena Onse Amavutikira

Mavuto a ndende amakhudzanso ndalama za m’thumba mwanu. Mwachitsanzo, akuti pachaka, mkaidi aliyense ku United States kum’samalira kumadya ndalama pafupifupi madola 21,000 zimene anthu amalipirira msonkho. Akaidi oposa zaka 60 angafunike ndalama zoŵirikiza katatu kuposa pamenepo. M’mayiko ambiri anthu ayamba kusiya zodalira chilango chaboma pazifukwa zinanso. Iwo akuda  nkhaŵa ndi ambanda amene akuwamasula mwamsanga ndiponso ophwanya malamulo ena amene samangidwa n’komwe chifukwa ali ndi maloya odziwa kulankhula omwe amatchula mfundo zina zam’malamulo aboma zowaikira kumbuyo. Kaŵirikaŵiri anthu olakwiridwa amachitabe mantha ndi apanduwo, ndipo sangathe kunenaponso chilichonse pamlanduwo.

Nkhaŵa Ikukula

Anthu sangadalire ndende akaona mikhalidwe yauchinyama imene akaidi amakhalamo, monga imene yalongosoledwa m’bokosi lotsatirali. Akaidi omwe amawakhaulitsa moipa kaŵirikaŵiri sasintha khalidwe lawo. Komanso magulu angapo oona za ufulu wa anthu akuda nkhaŵa ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu a mafuko onyozeka amene amapezeka m’ndende. Iwo amakayika ngati zimenezi zimangochitika mwangozi kapena chifukwa cha tsankho.

Lipoti la 1998 la bungwe la Associated Press linatchula vuto la anthu amene anali akaidi kundende ya Holmesburg, ku Pennsylvania m’dziko la America amene ankafuna chipukutira misozi chifukwa chowagwiritsa ntchito ngati zoyeserera mankhwala pamene anali akaidi. Bwanji nanga zimene ayambiranso kuchita ku United States zomamangirira pamodzi anthu olakwa n’kumakawagwiritsa ntchito? Bungwe loona za ufulu wa anthu la Amnesty International linati: “Ogwira ntchito m’magulu otere, amagwira ntchito kwa maola 10 mpaka 12, kaŵirikaŵiri ali padzuŵa lotentha. Amangopuma kwa kanthaŵi pang’ono kuti amwe madzi, ndiponso kwa ola limodzi pa nkhomaliro. . . . Anthu omangidwa pamodzi ameneŵa akafuna chimbudzi, amangogwiritsa ntchito gututu amene amakhala kuseli kwa chinsalu chophimba. Akaidiwa amagwiritsa ntchito gututuyo ali chomangiriridwa pamodzi choncho. Ngati gututuyo palibe, posowa chochita akaidiwo amangonjuta poonekera. N’zoonadi kuti ndende zonse sizitero ayi. Komabe, kuzunza anthu mwauchinyama choncho kumaipitsa ozunzawo komanso ovomereza zimenezi.

Kodi Anthu Amapindula Nazo?

Nthaŵi zonse anthu ambiri amakhala momasuka apandu oopsa akawatsekera. Anthu ena amakonda ndende pazifukwa zinanso. Pamene ndende ina m’tauni yaing’ono ya ku Australia ankafuna kuitseka, anthu anakana. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa chakuti ndendeyo inkapezetsa ntchito anthu osaukawo.

Posachedwapa maboma ena agulitsa ndende zawo kwa a malonda pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zimene amawonongera ndendezo. Zimenezi n’zomvetsa chisoni chifukwa akaidi akachuluka ndiponso akamakhalitsa m’ndende ndiye kutinso amalonda aja zinthu ziziwayendera bwino. Choncho, chilungamo chingasokonezeke chifukwa chofuna ndalama.

Poganizira zonsezi, funso lofunika lija lidakalipobe: Kodi ndende zasintha apandu kukhalanso anthu abwino? Yankho lake nthaŵi zambiri n’lakuti ayi, koma mungadabwe kudziŵa kuti akaidi ena athandizidwa kusintha. Tatiyeni tione kuti zinachitika bwanji.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

 [Bokosi/Chithunzi pamasamba 6, 7]

Tiyeni Tionepo Mavuto Ena a M’ndende

KUDZAZANA: Ku Britain kuli vuto lodzazana kwambiri m’ndende, ndipo si zodabwitsa n’komwe! Dziko limenelo ndi lachiŵiri pa mayiko onse a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya lokhala ndi akaidi ochuluka. Limakhala ndi akaidi 125 pa anthu 100,000 alionse. Ku Brazil, ndende yaikulu ya mumzinda wa São Paulo anaimanga kuti izisunga akaidi 500. Koma mmalo mwake, imasunga akaidi 6,000. Ku Russia, ndende zoyenera kukhala ndi akaidi 28 zimakhala ndi akaidi 90 kapena mpaka 110. Vuto lake n’lalikulu kwabasi moti akaidi amachita kusinthana nthaŵi yogona. M’dziko lina la ku Asia, akaidi 13 kapena 14 amapanikizana m’selo yaing’ono kwambiri yamamita atatu okha. Pakalipano, ku Australia m’dera la kumadzulo, akuluakulu aboma angothetsa vuto losoŵa malo mwa kugwiritsa ntchito makontena onyamulira katundu posungiramo akaidi awo.

CHIWAWA: Nyuzipepala ya ku Germany yotchedwa Der Spiegel inanena kuti m’ndende za ku Germany akaidi ankhanza amapha ndi kuzunza anthu chifukwa “amalimbana ndi magulu ena akamachita katangale wa mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kugonana, ndiponso katapira.” Nthaŵi zambiri vuto losiyana mitundu limakolezera chiwawa m’ndende. “Pali akaidi ochokera m’mayiko 72, ndipo kusemphana maganizo ndi kukangana koyambitsa chiwawa n’zosapeŵeka,” ikutero nyuzipepala ya Der Spiegel. Akuluakulu a ndende ina ku South America ananena kuti pafupifupi akaidi 12 ankaphedwa mwezi uliwonse m’ndendeyo. Nyuzipepala ya Financial Times ya ku London inalemba kuti, “Akaidiwo anati ankafa kuŵirikiza pamenepo.”

KUGWIRIRA: M’nkhani yake yakuti “Vuto la Kugwirira M’ndende” nyuzipepala ya The New York Times inanena kuti “akuti amuna oposa 290,000 amawagwirira m’ndende chaka chilichonse.” Lipotilo linapitiriza kuti: “Nkhani yoopsa yakugwiriridwayi si kuti imangochitika kamodzi ayi, koma nthaŵi zambiri zimachitika tsiku n’tsiku.” Bungwe lina likuti ndende za ku United States, zimakhala ndi nkhani 60,000 za kugwirirana tsiku lililonse.

THANZI NDI UKHONDO: Matenda opatsirana mwakugonana n’ngofala kwambiri pakati pa akaidi. Nkhani za matenda a TB ya akaidi a ku Russia ndi mayiko ena a mu Africa zimafalitsidwa padziko lonse, monganso nkhani zokhudza kuchita mphwayi pa zachipatala, zaukhondo, ndiponso zazakudya zoyenera m’ndende zambiri padziko lonse.

[Chithunzi]

Ndende yodzaza kwambiri ya mumzinda wa São Paulo, ku Brazil

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

AP Photo/Dario Lopez-Mills

[Chithunzi pamasamba 4, 5]

Ndende yokhala ndi chitetezo chachikulu ya La Santé mumzinda wa Paris, ku France

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

AP Photo/Francois Mori

[Chithunzi patsamba 6]

Akazi ali m’ndende mumzinda wa Managua, ku Nicaragua

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

AP Photo/Javier Galeano