Dera la Maluŵa Okongola Koposa

YOLEMBEDWA NDI WOLEMBA GALAMUKANI! KU SOUTH AFRICA

ATATHA kulongosola mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluŵa a mu Africa, katswiri wa zamaluŵa wa ku Netherlands wa m’ma 1700, Carolus Linnaes anati maluŵawo anachokera “ku malo aja okongola kwambiri padziko lapansi, otchedwa Cape of Good Hope, amene Mlengi Wachifundo anawakongoletsa ndi ntchito zake zodabwitsa.

Ntchito zimene anazitcha kuti zodabwitsazi ndi zimene zimapezeka m’dera la kumwera kwa Africa. Anthu a ku Netherlands amene anasamukira m’derali anatcha tchire lopezeka kwambiri m’derali kuti fijnbosch, kutanthauza kuti “tchire lokongola.” Pakuti mawu akuti fijn amatanthauza kuti “chaching’ono,” n’zotheka kuti mawu awa ankanena za kuchepa kwa masamba ndiponso zomera kuphatikizaponso mitengo yathunthu laling’ono imene inali kumera m’deralo. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi mawu akuti fijnbosch, anasanduka “fynbos.” Masamba a mitengo ya ku Fynbos amakhala aang’ono ndiponso okhuthala, koma kukula, mtundu, ndiponso mpangidwe wa maluŵa ake zimakhala zosiyanasiyana.

Dera la Fynbos lili m’chigawo cha maluŵa chosiyana kwambiri ndi zigawo zina zamaluŵa padziko lonse. Chigawochi n’chotchedwa Cape Floral kingdom. * Ngakhale kuti n’chaching’ono pochiyerekezera ndi zigawo zina, chigawochi chili ndi zomera zamitundu yochuluka kwambiri, moti buku lina limati inaposa 8,550, ndipo yambiri siipezeka kwina kulikonse padziko lonse.

Pa phiri la Table Mountain lokha, anapezapo mitundu 1,470 ya zomera! Magazini ya New Scientist inati, “zomera zimenezi n’zambiri kuposa zonse zimene zimapezeka m’zilumba zonse za ku Britain.” Komabe, ku Fynbos kwatchuka m’mayiko enanso apadziko lapansi. Zili choncho motani?

Mitundu Yochuluka Mochititsa Chidwi

Ngati muli ndi duŵa lotchedwa geranium kunyumba kwanu, n’zotheka kuti linachokera ku Fynbos. Mwa mitundu 250 ya maluŵa amene amamera okha padziko lapansi, ambiri amapezeka m’chigawo cha Fynbos.

Kuphatikizanso apo, mwa mitundu 1,800 ya maluŵa omwe ali m’gulu lotchedwa Iridaceae mitundu 600 amamera kuderali, kuphatikizanso mitundu 72 yotchedwa gladioli imene siipezekanso dera lina padziko lonse. Tikanena za maluŵa otchedwa daisie ndiponso otchedwa vyigies, amapezeka mitundu yokwana 1,646 kumwera kwa Africa. * Ena mwa maluŵa ameneŵa ndi maluŵa otchedwa everlasting omwe sasintha mtundu ndipo amagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwa zaka zambiri atauma.

Komabe chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ku dera la Fynbos ndi zomera zake zomwe zimachita maluŵa zotchedwa erica kapena kuti heath. Mungadabwe kudziŵa kuti dera la Fynbos lili ndi mitundu 625 ya maluŵa a erica, pamene padziko lonse ilipo 740!

Maluŵa Otchedwa Sugar-Bush ndi Mbalame ya Choso

Linnaes anapenda gulu limodzi la maluŵa a ku Fynbos amene anali amaonekedwe osiyanasiyana odabwitsa. Iye anawapatsa dzina lakuti protea, kuchokera pa dzina la mulungu wachigiriki wotchedwa Proteus, amene anthu ankakhulupirira kuti ankasinthasintha maonekedwe athupi lake. Mitundu yokwana 328 ya maluŵa a protea n’njochokera m’dera la Fynbos. N’zochititsa chidwi kwambiri mukamakwera pamwamba pamapiri a ku Cape n’kungozindikira kuti chiduŵa chachikulu cha protea chili poteropo! Chiduŵachi nthaŵi zina chimakula kuposa nkhope yamunthu.

Duŵa lina lamtundu umenewu ndilo la sugar-bush. Maluŵa ake amakhala ngati makapu ndipo  amakhala ndi madzi otsekemera ambiri. Anthu oyamba kukhala kuderali ankachotsamo madzi otsekemera m’maluŵawo, n’kukawaphika n’kupanga uchi.

Mbalame ya kumeneko yamtundu wa choso imene imapezeka m’chigawo cha Fynbos chokha nayonso imakonda madzi otsekemera am’maluŵa ameneŵa. Pogwiritsa ntchito mlomo wake wautali ndiponso lilime, mbalameyi imapopa madzi otsekemera am’duŵalo, ndipo potero imathandizanso kwambiri duŵalo kuti libereke. Kuphatikizanso apo, mbalameyi imadya tizilombo timene timakonda maluŵa akuluakuluwo. Motero mbalameyi ndi duŵali zimadalirana kuti zikhale ndi moyo.

Zinthu Zinanso Zodalirana Kwambiri

Maluŵa ena a protea amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka, ndipo amabisika m’kati mwa zomera zina. Mbeŵa zimakonda fungo langati la yisiti limene maluŵa ameneŵa amatulutsa. Mbeŵazi zimaloŵetsa mitu yawo m’maluŵawo n’kumwa timadzi totsekemera tam’maluŵawo, ndipo zikatero zimapita kumene kuli maluŵa ena a protea ndipo potero zimathandiza kuti maluŵawo abereke. Motero mbeŵa ndi maluŵa a protea zimadalirana kuti zikhale ndi moyo.

Maluŵa otchedwa erica ndi mbalame yofiira kumimba yotchedwa orange-breasted sunbird, yopezeka m’chigawo cha Fynbos zimadalirananso chimodzimodzi. Chifukwa chakuti duŵa la maluŵa ameneŵa limakhala lokhota, mbalameyi siivutika poloŵetsamo mlomo wake popeza kuti nawonso ndi wokhota. Mbalameyi ikaloŵetsamo mlomo kuti imwemo madziwo mutu wake umathandiza maluŵa ameneŵa kuti abereke. Chaka chonse mtengo wa erica ukachita maluŵa mbalameyi imapeza phoso lake, ndipo mtengowu umapindula ndi ntchito yambalameyi youthandiza kubereka. Zimasangalatsa kwambiri mukamayenda m’mphepete mwa phirili  n’kumaona zochititsa chidwizi zili m’kati!

Ku Fynbos kuli zamoyo zina zambiri zofunika kwambiri kumeneko. Mwachitsanzo kulinso agulugufe otchedwa Table Mountain beauty, ndipo ndi mtundu okhawu umene umathandiza mitundu 15 ya maluŵa ofiira kuti azibereka. Duŵa lina lam’gulu la maluŵa ameneŵa ndi duŵa lotchuka lija lotchedwa disa, limene limakongoletsa kwambiri phiri la Table Mountain.

Kulinso mfuko zimene zimadya zibalo zangati chinangwa za zomera zosiyanasiyana. Mfuko za kumeneko zimatenga tizidutswa tamitsitsi n’kukatisunga mu una wake. Tina timataika m’njira ndiponso tina timatsalako mbeŵazi zikamadya, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri tizidutswati timazika mizu n’kumeranso.

Zomera zambiri za ku Fynbos zimakhala ndi njere zokutidwa ndi zinthu zofeŵa zooneka ngati mafuta zimene zimanunkhira mwakuti nyerere zimalephera kupilira. Nyererezi zikaluma zinthu zimenezi zimakokera pansi panthaka njerezo. Kenaka zimadya zinthu zofeŵazi koma osati njere zolimbazo. Potero, poti njerezo zimakwiririka, mbalame ndi mbeŵa siziona njerezo, choncho zimatha kumera.

Ndiye kulinso zouluka zina zangati ntchentche zamilomo yaitali. Zouluka zimenezi zimathandiza kwambiri kuti zomera za ku Fynbos zokhala ndi maluŵa aatali zizibereka. Mtundu wina wa zoulukazi uli ndi mlomo wautali pafupifupi masentimita 7 ndi theka. Inde, kudalirana n’kofunika kwambiri kuti zomera za m’dera la Fynbos zikhalepobe!

Mgwirizano Woyikana Pangozi

Wasayansi yoona zachilengedwe T.F.J. van  Rensburg analemba m’buku lakuti An Introduction to Fynbos, kuti, “N’zomvetsa chisoni kuti, anthu ndiwo akuwononga madera ena achilengedwe ngakhale kuti ndiwo ali ndi mphamvu zoyang’anira chilengedwechi.” N’zoonadi kuti zinthu zambiri zawonongedwa pakanthaŵi kochepa chabe, monga mmene Dr. Piet van Wyk analongosolera. Iye anati: “M’zaka pafupifupi 300 zapitazi, chiyambireni utsamunda, anthu agaŵagaŵa ndiponso kusintha chigawo cha chigwa cha Fynbos mwakuti 31 peresenti yokha ya zomera zam’chigawochi . . . ndiyo idakalipobe. Mitundu 39 ya zomera za ku Fynbos inatheratu, ndipo mitundu ina 1 033 imene inkapezeka apo ndi apo panopo ikusoŵa kwambiri.”

Zochita za anthu zimasokonezanso kudalirana pakati pa zamoyo ndi zomera za ku Fynbos. Buku lotchedwa Table Mountain—A Natural Wonder, limati, “Asayansi ya zachilengedwe, angoyamba kumene kuzindikira mgwirizano wa zamoyo ndi zomera za ku Fynbos. Kodi ngati chomera chinachake chitasoŵeratu, kanyama kamene kamathandiza kuti chizibereka (monga mbeŵa, gulugulufe kapena zouluka zina) kangafe?” Nanga bwanji za mbalame zam’derali? Malingana ndi zimene wasayansi yazamoyo wina wa ku South Africa C.J. Skead ananena, mbalame za mtundu wa choso zili pangozi chifukwa chakuti zimadalira kwambiri maluŵa amtundu wa protea.”

Nkhani zokhumudwitsa zimenezi zokhudza chigawo cha Fynbos n’zodetsa nkhaŵa. Ngakhale zili choncho, anthu amene amakhulupirira Mlengi Wachifundo,” monga ankachitira Linnaeus, ali ndi chiyembekezo. Choncho, tiyenera kukhulupirira kuti dziko lidzabereka ndi kumera maluŵa ochuluka kuposa kale lonse Yehova Mulungu akadzakwaniritsa lonjezo lake ‘lochita zonse kukhala zatsopano.’—Chivumbulutso 21:5.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mapu patsamba 16]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

Dera la Fynbos (likuoneka lobiriŵiralo)

Phiri la Table Mountain

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.

[Chithunzi patsamba 16]

Duŵa lotchedwa painted lady lili m’gulu la mitundu 72 ya maluŵa otchedwa gladioli amene sapezekanso kwina kulikonse padziko

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Una Coetzee (www.agulhasfynbos.co.za)

[Chithunzi patsamba 16]

Maluŵa ena a protea n’ngaakulu kuposa nkhope ya munthu

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Nigel Dennis

[Chithunzi pamasamba 16, 17]

Paphiri la Table Mountain lokha, akuti pali mitundu yazomera 1,470

[Chithunzi pamasamba 16, 17]

Duŵa lotchedwa strawberry everlasting

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Nigel Dennis

[Chithunzi patsamba 17]

Duŵa lina limene lili m’gulu la maluŵa ambiri otchedwa daisy a ku Fynbos

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Kirstenbosch, Cape Town

[Chithunzi patsamba 17]

Gulugufe wotchedwa Table Mountain beauty ndi yekhayo amene amathandiza mitundu 15 ya maluŵa ofiira kuti azibereka

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Colin Paterson-Jones

[Chithunzi patsamba 17]

Duwa lotchedwa pincushion protea

[Chithunzi patsamba 17]

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

National Parks Board of South Africa

[Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Pali ubwenzi wapadera pakati pa maluŵa a “erica” ndi mbalame ya choso

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Colin Paterson-Jones

[Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Maluŵa a protea ndi mbalame ya choso zimakondana kwambiri

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Kirstenbosch, Cape Town

[Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Duŵa lotchedwa Watsonia

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Kirstenbosch, Cape Town

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 18]

National Parks Board of South Africa