Kufufuza Madzi Amoyo

ZAKA zoposa 2,000 zapitazo, mzinda wotukuka ndithu wokhala ndi anthu 30,000 unatchuka ku chipululu cha ku Arabia. Ngakhale kuti kumeneko kunali kovuta kukhalako chifukwa choti mvula imagwa yochepa kungofika mamilimita 150 chaka chonse, anthu a mumzinda wa Petra anaphunzira kuthana ndi vuto lokhala ndi madzi ochepa. Ndipo mzinda umenewu wa Petra unalemera ndiponso unatukuka.

 Anthu okhala ku Nabataea mumzinda wa Petra analibe makina amagetsi opopera madzi. Sanamange madamu aakulu. Koma ankadziŵa mmene angatungire madzi awo ndi kuwasunga. Madamu aang’onoang’ono ambiri, zitsime, ngalande, ndiponso matamanda, ndizo zinawathandiza kufikitsa bwinobwino madzi mumzinda wawo ndi kuminda yawo ing’onoing’ono. Sanali kuwononga madzi ngakhale pang’ono. Zitsime ndi matamanda awo anazimanga bwino kwambiri moti anthu amakono a mtundu wa chi Bedouin amazigwiritsabe ntchito.

Katswiri wodziŵa za kayendedwe ka madzi anagoma n’kunena kuti, “Kuyenda kosaoneka kwa madzi ku Petra, n’kochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Anthu amenewo anali ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri.” Chaposachedwapa, akatswiri a ku Israel akhala akufunitsitsa kuphunzira luso lapamwamba la anthu a ku Nabatae omwenso ankalima mbewu m’dera la Negeb lomwe nthaŵi zambiri mvula siigwa mopitirira mamilimita 100 chaka chonse. Akatswiri a maphunziro a zauchikumbe afufuza minda yambiri yomwe ilipobe ya anthu a ku Nabatae. M’mindayi eni ake anachita luso pokonza njira yakuti madzi a mvula ya chizimalupsa azisungika.

Zimene anthu aphunzira kuchokera kwa anthu a ku Nabatae zayamba kale kuthandiza alimi okhala m’madera ouma a Sahel mu Africa. Komabe, njira zamakono zosungira madzi zingakhalenso zothandiza. Pa Chilumba china ku Canary Islands chotchedwa Lanzarote, chimene chili kufupi ndi gombe la ku Africa, alimi aphunzira kudzala mpesa ndi nkhuyu komwe sikugwa mvula. Amadzala mitengo ya mpesa kapena ya mkuyu pansi pa maenje ozungulira kenaka pamwamba padothi amaikapo phulusa lomwe limatuluka phiri likaphulika, kuopa kuti chinyezi chisathe chifukwa chotentha. Kenaka mame okwanira ndithu amadonthera pansi mpaka kuloŵa kumizu, mtengowo n’kupeza madzi.

Njira Zosalira Umisiri

Nkhani zofanana ndi zimenezi zosimba za kupeza madzi m’madera ouma zimapezeka padziko lonse, monga pakati pa anthu otchedwa Bishnoi omwe amakhala ku chipululu cha Thar ku India, akazi a ku Turkana ku Kenya, ndi amwenye otchedwa Navajo a ku Arizona ku United States. Maluso awo osunga madzi a mvula, omwe anawaphunzira kalekale kwambiri, n’ngodalirika kwambiri pothandiza zaulimi kuposa njira zamakono.

M’zaka za m’ma 1900, madamu ambiri anamangidwa. Anthu anagwiritsa ntchito mitsinje ikuluikulu, ndipo anakonza njira zambiri zothandiza pa ulimi wothirira. Wasayansi wina anati mitsinje yoposa theka la mitsinje yonse padziko lonse, yaikulu ndi yaing’ono yomwe, yapatutsidwako. Ngakhale kuti ntchito zimenezi zinabweretsa mapindu ena, anthu oteteza zachilengedwe anadandaula pa za kuwonongeka kwa malo, ndiponso makamaka za vuto la anthu ambiri zedi omwe nyumba zawo zinagwa.

Kuwonjezera apo, ngakhale kuti cholinga chake n’chabwino, nthaŵi zambiri ntchitozi sizipindulitsa alimi omwe akusoŵeratu madzi. Pokambapo za ntchito zaulimi wothirira ku India, nduna yaikulu yakale yadzikolo a Rajiv Gandhi anati: “Tawononga ndalama zambirimbiri kwa zaka 16. Anthu sanapindule nazo m’njira iliyonse. Sanapindule ndi ulimi wothirira, sanapeze madzi, sanakolole dzinthu zambiri, ndipo sanathandizike m’moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.”

Komano njira zosalira umisiri ndizo zathandiza kwambiri ndiponso ndizo sizinawononge kwambiri malo. Mayiwe ang’onoang’ono ndi madamu okwana 6 miliyoni omwe anthu anadzimangira okha ku China ndiwo akuthandiza kwambiri. Ku Israel, anthu anatulukira kuti ngati mutaganiza mozama, zingatheke kugwiritsa ntchito madzi omwewo pochapa, kenaka posamalira panyumba, ndipo potsiriza pake pothirira mbewu.

Njira ina yothandiza ndiyo yothirira mtsinde mwenimweni mwa mbewuzo. Njira imeneyi imasunga 5 peresenti ya madzi amene amawonongeka pothirira mogwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Kulima mbewu zosalira madzi ambiri ngati mapira kapena mcheŵere ndi njira inanso yogwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi, kusiyana ndi kulima nzimbe kapena chimanga zomwe zimafuna madzi ambiri.

Madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito pakhomo ndi kumafakitale angawagwiritsenso ntchito mosamala m’njira zinanso. Mwachitsanzo, mapepala  olemera kilogalamu imodzi angapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito madzi okwana pafupifupi lita imodzi ngati fakitaleyo ikugwiritsa ntchito madzi omweomwewo. Ukutu n’kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mosamala kwambiri. Mumzinda wa Mexico achotsa zimbuzi zofala zija n’kuika zimene siziwononga madzi ambiri. Mzindawu unakhala pa kalikiliki wodziŵitsa anthu mmene angachepetsere madzi amene amagwiritsa ntchito.

Zofunika Kuti Kusunga Madzi Kutheke

Kuti mavuto ochuluka a malo ndi madzi athe, n’kofunika kuti anthu asinthe maganizo awo. Anthu afunika kuti agwirizane mmalo moti azidzidziŵira okha zochita. Afunika kuti adzipereke ndithu pamene kuli kofunika kutero, ndiponso ayenera kukhala ofunitsitsa kusamala dzikoli kuti ena adzakhalepo bwino m’tsogolo. Poganizira zimenezi Sandra Postel analongosola motere m’buku lake lakuti Last Oasis—Facing Water Scarcity: “Tikufunikira mwambo pankhani yamadzi. Mwambo umene tiziutsatira kuti tithe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zachilengedwezi zimene sitizimvetsa ndipo sitingazimvetse n’komwe.”

Kunena zoona, “mwambowu” suyenera kukhala dera limodzi lokha. Dziko lathunthu pamodzinso ndi mayiko oyandikana nalo afunika kugwirizana popeza kuti mitsinje imadutsa malire amayiko. M’lipoti lake lakuti Beating the Water Crisis (Kuthetsa Vuto Lamadzi), Ismail Serageldin ananena kuti, “Poyamba anthu ankada nkhaŵa ngati madzi ali ochepa ndiponso sali abwino m’dziko lawo lokha, koma tsopano ayenera kuganizira za vutoli monga lapadziko lonse.”

Koma kusonkhanitsa mayiko kuti akambirane nkhani zokhudza dziko lonse si nkhani yamaseŵera. Mlembi wamkulu wa United Nations, a Kofi Annan anavomereza zimenezi ponena kuti, “Masiku ano mayiko amadalirana pa nkhani ya zachuma, koma angoyamba kumene kukhazikitsa njira zakuti azichita zinthu mogwirizana. Tsopano yafika nthaŵi yakuti titsatire mfundo yochitira zinthu pamodzi monga ‘mayiko ogwirizana.’ ”

Ndithudi, kukhala ndi madzi abwino okwanira n’kofunika, koma si kokwanira kuti tikhale ndi moyo wathanzi ndiponso wachimwemwe. Choyamba anthu ayenera kuzindikira udindo wawo kwa amene anapereka madzi ndi moyo womwe. (Salmo 36:9; 100:3) Ndipo mmalo mosaganizira zam’tsogolo n’kumawononga dziko ndi zinthu zake zachilengedwe, anthu afunika kuti ‘alime ndi kuliyang’anira,’ monga mmene Mlengi wathu analangizira makolo athu oyamba.—Genesis 2:8, 15; Salmo 115:16.

Mtundu Wamadzi Opambana Koposa

Popeza kuti madzi ndi ofunika kwambiri, si zodabwitsa kuti m’Baibulo amawafotokoza kuti n’ngofunika mophiphiritsira. Ndithudi, kuti tikhale ndi moyo monga mmene tinapangidwira, tiyenera kuzindikira gwero la madzi ophiphiritsa ameneŵa. Tiyeneranso kuphunzira kusonyeza maganizo angati a mkazi wa m’zaka za zana loyamba amene anapempha Yesu Kristu kuti: ‘Ambuye, ndipatseni madzi amenewo.’ (Yohane 4:15) Tamvani zimene zinachitika.

Yesu anaima pachitsime chakuya pafupi ndi mzinda womwe masiku ano amautcha Nablus. Zikuoneka kuti chitsime chomwecho n’chimene anthu ochokera m’mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse amapita kukachiona ngakhale panopo. Panthaŵiyo, mkazi wina wachisamariya analinso atafika kuchitsimeko. Mosakayikira, mkaziyo ankapitapitako kuti kunyumba kwake kukhale madzi okwanira ngati mmenenso ankachitira akazi ambiri a mzaka za zana loyamba. Koma Yesu anamuuza kuti am’patsa “madzi amoyo” oti sadzatha n’komwe.—Yohane 4:10, 13, 14.

M’pake ndithu kuti mkaziyo anachita chidwi kwambiri. Koma kwenikweni, “madzi amoyo” omwe Yesu anali kuwatchula sanali madzi enieni. Yesu ankaganiza za zinthu zauzimu zimene zingawapangitse anthu kukhala ndi moyo kwamuyaya. Komabe pali kugwirizana pakati pa madzi ophiphiritsa ndi madzi enieni. Timafuna zonsezo kuti tikondwere ndi moyo.

Kangapo konse, Mulungu anathandiza anthu ake kupeza njira yowathandiza madzi atasoŵeratu. Anawapatsa madzi modabwitsa Aisrayeli ambiri othaŵa omwe anadutsa chipululu cha Sinai paulendo wawo wopita ku Dziko Lolonjezedwa. (Eksodo 17:1-6; Numeri 20:2-11) Elisa mneneri wa Mulungu anayeretsa chitsime chamadzi  cha ku Yeriko chimene chinali chitaipitsidwa. (2 Mafumu 2:19-22) Ndipo nthaŵi imene Aisrayeli otsalira omwe analapa ankabwerera kwawo kuchokera ku Babulo, Mulungu anawatsogolera komwe kunali ‘madzi m’chipululu.’—Yesaya 43:14, 19-21.

Pakali pano dziko lathuli likufunika madzi ambiri zedi. Popeza kuti Mlengi wathu Yehova Mulungu anathandizapo kupeza njira zopezera madzi, kodi sangathenso kutero m’tsogolo muno? Baibulo limatitsimikizira kuti adzatero kumene. Pofotokoza mmene zidzakhalire mu Ufumu wake Mulungu anati: “Ndidzagwetsa mitsinje pazitunda zoti se, ndi akasupe pakati pa zigwa; ndidzasandutsa chipululu, chikhale thamanda lamadzi, ndi mtunda wouma ukhale magwero a madzi, . . . kuti iwo awone ndi kudziŵa, ndi kulingalira, ndi kumvetsa pamodzi, kuti dzanja la Yehova lachita ichi, ndipo Woyera wa Israyeli wachilenga ichi.”—Yesaya 41:18, 20.

Baibulo limatilonjeza kuti nthaŵiyo ikadzafika, anthu “sadzakhala ndi njala, pena ludzu.” (Yesaya 49:10) Chifukwa chakuti dziko lonse lidzakhala ndi oyang’anira atsopano, ndithudi padzakhala njira yatsopano yothetsera vuto lamadzi. Ulamuliro umenewu, womwe uli Ufumu umene Yesu anatiphunzitsa kuupempherera udzalamulira “ndi chiweruziro ndi chilungamo kuyambira tsopano ndi kunkabe nthaŵi zonse.” (Yesaya 9:6, 7; Mateyu 6:9, 10) Ndiye pamapeto pake, anthu padziko lonse adzakhaladi ogwirizana m’mayiko onse.—Salmo 72:5, 7, 8.

Tikafufuza madzi amoyo panopo, titha kuyembekeza kudzaona tsiku limene kudzakhaledi madzi okwanira anthu onse.

[Zithunzi patsamba 26]

Pamwambapo: Anthu akale omwe ankakhala ku Petra ankadziŵa kusunga madzi

Pansipa: Ngalande yamadzi yachinabatae ku Petra

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Garo Nalbandian

[Chithunzi patsamba 26]

Alimi a pachilumba china ku Canary Islands aphunzira kudzala mbewu m’madera mmene m’masoŵa mvula

[Zithunzi patsamba 29]

Kodi Yesu anatanthauzanji polonjeza kuti adzapatsa mkazi ameneyu “madzi amoyo”?