Marabou—Mbalame Imene Amailakwira

YOLEMBEDWA NDI WOLEMBA GALAMUKANI! KU KENYA

‘Sindinaonepo mbalame ina yoipa kuposa mbalame yamtundu wa dokowe yotchedwa marabou.’—Buku lakuti The World’s Wild Places—Africa’s Rift Valley.

MWA mbalame zonse zimene zili mu Africa, n’zochepa zimene zimanyozedwa kwambiri ngati mbalame ya marabou. Mbalameyi amainena kuti n’njankhanza, n’njonyansa ndiponso amati n’njachabechabe. N’zoonekeratu kuti anthu sagwirizana nayo mbalameyi.

Kodi mumachita chidwi mukaona mbalame zokongola kwambiri ndiponso zolira mosangalatsa? Komatu, mbalame ya marabou si yotero. Ili ndi mutu ndiponso khosi lofiirira zimene zilibe nthenga, ndipo imaoneka ngati yangoti ndwii komanso ngati ikudandaula. Ikakhala yaikulu, chinthu chotha kufufuma, chofiirira changati tayi chimalendeŵera pakhosi pake. Anthu ambiri amati chinthucho sichikongoletsa n’komwe mbalameyi. Komabe Dr. Leon Benun, yemwe ndi mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti yoona za mbalame kumalo osungirako zakale ku Kenya akutikumbutsa kuti: “Ngakhale kuti chinthu cholendeŵeracho n’chonyansa kwa ife, si ndiye kuti n’chonyansanso kwa mbalameyo.” Ngakhale zili choncho, mpakana pano palibe yemwe akudziŵa kuti chinthucho chimagwira ntchito yanji pathupi lambalameyi.

Ngakhale zimene mbalameyi imadya, sizisangalatsa anthu omwe amaiona chifukwa imadya nyama yowola. Nyamayo ikasoŵa, akuti mbalameyi imapha mbalame zinzake kuti idye. Si zodabwitsa kuti anthu ambiri amaoneka kuti amadana nayo kwambiri.

Komabe, ngakhale kuti zochita zake ndi maonekedwe  ake n’zonyansa, mbalameyi ili ndi zinthu zingapo zokhumbirika. Khalani nafe pamene tikuyesetsa kuti tiidziŵe bwino mbalame yambiri yoipa kwambiriyi.

Ndi Mbalame Yaikulu Kwambiri

Anthu ena amati mbalameyi n’njaikulu kwambiri kuposa mitundu yonse ya adokowe. Yaimuna yaikulu imatalika masentimita 150 ndipo imalemera makilogalamu 8. Zazikazi zimakhala zocheperapo. Mlomo wa mbalameyi n’ngolemera, wooneka ngati tchizulo ndipo umatalika kuposa masentimita 30. Mlomowu n’chida champhamvu kwambiri chimene mbalameyi imagwiritsa ntchito ponyotsola minofu yanyama zakufa.

Ngakhale kuti n’njaikulu choncho, mbalameyi imadziŵa kuuluka kwambiri. Ili ndi mapiko aatali oposa mamita aŵiri ndi theka, ndipo imatha kuuluka mofanana ndi mbalame zina zodziŵa kuuluka kwambiri. Ikamauluka imaoneka mochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Imabweza pang’ono mutu wake n’kuufikitsa m’mapeŵa ndipo imawongolera m’mbuyo miyendo yake yaitali. Imadziŵa kuuluka kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kuomba kwa mphepo moti imatha kupita m’mwamba zedi n’kumangooneka ngati kadontho! Ndiponsotu, anthu ena akhala akuiona mbalameyi ikuuluka m’mwamba kwambiri mpaka mamita 4,000!

Makolo Odalirika

Komabe chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi ntchito imene mbalameyi imachita monga kholo. Inde, mbalameyi imakhala ndi ntchito yotangwanitsa kwambiri yaukholo, ndipo ntchitoyi imayamba  ndi kumanga chisa. Ikasankha malo abwino omangapo chisa, mbalame yaimuna ndiyo imayamba kumanga kenaka yaikazi imadzaithandiza. Nthaŵi zina chisacho chimamangidwa m’mwamba mamita 40 kuchokera pansi, ndipo sichikhala ndi zinthu zambiri. Chisacho chimakhala chachikulu mita imodzi, ndipo chimakhala chathasathasa chili chosalongosoka bwino. Chimamangidwa ndi timitengo touma, nthambi zamitengo ndi masamba. Ndipotu, ikakhala mbalame yakuswa nthaŵi zina imaloŵa m’chisa chakale, koma imangochikonzanso powonjezera timitengo ndi zinthu zina. Anthu ena akuti magulu ena a mbalamezi akhala akukonzanso malo a chisacho kwa zaka 50.

Chisacho chili m’kati momangidwa, mbalame yaimuna imayamba kufunafuna yaikazi. Koma mosiyana ndi mmene zimachitira mbalame zina zonse, yaikazi ndiyo imatchetcherera yaimuna. Zazikazi zosiyanasiyana zofuna mwamuna zimapita kukadzionetsera kwa yaimunayo pofuna kuyikopa. Zimatha kukanidwa kwambiri. Koma khama limapindula, ndipo pamapeto pake yaikaziyo imadzaloledwa. Ndiye zimati zikagwirizana, mbalame ziŵirizi zimafufumitsa kwambiri chinthu cholendeŵera pakhosi chija, uku zikulira mopokosera pofuna kuwopseza zinzawo kuti zisawasokoneze. Anthu ena amati kulirako kumamveka ngati kulira kwa ng’ombe, udzudzu ndiponso ngati likhwelu, ndipotu uku n’kulira kokhaku kwa mbalameyi kumene kukudziŵika kupatula pa kulira kwa nthaŵi zonse kwa milomo yake yaikulu ikamagundana. Ndiye zimayamba kukondana kwambiri ndipo zimalimbikitsa chikondichi zikamalonjerana poŵeramitsa mutu n’kuudzutsanso. Izi n’zimene zimachitika nthaŵi zonse mbalameyi ikamabwerera ku chisa. M’kati mwa malonjeŵa mbalameyi imabweza mutu m’mbuyo kenaka n’kuutsitsa, n’kuyamba kuwombanitsa milomo yake kwa nthaŵi ndithu.

Mbalame ziŵirizo zimamalizira limodzi kumanga chisacho. Izo zimathandizananso kufungatira mazira kuti aswe. Zikafungatira mazirawo kwa mwezi umodzi, mazira ooneka motuwira omwe amakhala aŵiri kapena atatu amaswa timawunda tofiirira tanthenga zapatalipatali zosakhwima. Timawunda timeneti timasamalidwa bwino kwambiri. Ntchito yadzaoneni imayambika yotidyetsa zakudya zopatsa thanzi monga nsomba. Kuchokera m’madambo momwe mbalamezi zimapezekapezeka, makolo a timawundato amatha kupeza achule ambiri, ndipo achulewo n’chakudya chinanso chimene mbalamezi zimadya kwambiri. Timawundato timatha kupeza chakudya potola tinthuli timene makolo awo amabzikula n’kulavulira pachisacho. Timawundato timachedwa kukula, ndipo timakhala pomwepo mpaka titafika miyezi inayi ndipo apa m’pamene timatha kuuluka kuchoka pachisacho, nkuyamba kudzidalira.

 Zimagwira Ntchito Yaukhondo

Ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zambiri mbalameyi imadedwa chifukwa chakuti imadya nyama yowola, iyo imagwira ntchito yabwino ndithu. Nyama zolusa zimasiya nyama zakufa zitangoti mbwee n’kumawola m’zidikha za mu Africa. Kukanakhala kuti nyama zowolazo zimangokhala choncho, bwenzi matenda oopsa akufalikira mosavuta kwa anthu ndi nyama zomwe. Komabe, mbalameyi imachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri yochotsa nyansizo. Mothandizana ndi miimba, zomwenso ndi mbalame zimene zimadyanso nyama yowola, zimafufuzira pamodzi m’zidikha nyama zakufa. Nyama zakufazo zikapezeka, mbalame za marabou zimayembekeza kaye kuti miimba pakuti n’njamphamvu kwambiri ing’ambe mtembowo pogwiritsa ntchito milomo yawo yolimba yomwenso n’njokhota. Pakapita kanthaŵi ndithu, mbalame ya marabou imaimika chire mlomo wake ngati mpeni wochitira opaleshoni, n’kudumphira pa nyama yakufayo n’kujomphola nthuli yake yanyama kenaka n’kukaima poteropo kuti ipeze mpata wina. Miimbayo ikadya n’kukhuta, imafika nthaŵi yoti nazo mbalame za marabou zidye polimbirana makombo a nyamayo. Mbalame za marabou zimadya chilichonse chimene zingathe kumeza, kusiyapo mafupa basi. Zimameza nthuli zanyama zolemera mpakana kuposa hafu ya kilogalamu popanda vuto lililonse.

Zaka zaposachedwapa mbalamezi zayambanso kuchita ntchito yake yaukhondoyi osati kuthengo kokha ayi. Masiku ano mbalamezi sizikuopanso anthu ndipo zimapezekapezeka komwe amataya zinyalala m’matauni ndi m’midzi momwe. Ndiye chimachitika n’chiyani? Malowo amakhala audongo. Mbalameyi imathanso kuunguzaunguza m’madzi oipa otayidwa m’mabutchala, pofufuza tinthuli totsalira. Chitsanzo chotsatirachi chikungosonyeza kulimba kwa mbalamezi. Mbalame ina yamtunduwu inali pakalikiliki wofufuza tinthuli tanyama pabutchala ina kumadzulo kwa dziko la Kenya, ndiyeno mpaka inameza mpeni wodulira nyama. Patangopita masiku ochepa chabe, mpeniwo unapezeka pafupi ndi malowo uli mbee, ukuchita kuwala bwino, koma mbalame imene inaubzikula n’kuulavula inapitiriza zomwe imachita nthaŵi zonse ndipo siinasonyeze kudwala kwina kulikonse!

Tsogolo la Mbalameyi

Mbalame zina zimene zili m’gulu lomweli la adokowe za ku Asia zayamba kusoŵa, koma mbalame ya marabou ikupezekabe ku Africa. Palibe nyama yodziŵika yakutchire imene imadana ndi mbalameyi. Kalekale m’mbuyomu, anthu ndiwo anali mdani wankhanza wa mbalameyi. Anthu ankaiombera mbalameyi n’kusosola nthenga zake za m’mbali mwake pofuna kukongoletsera mipango ya azimayi. Buku lakuti Storks, Ibises and Spoonbills of the World linati, “N’zovuta kukhulupirira kuti nthengazi zimene zimaoneka mosangalatsa ndiponso zimakongoletsa zinthu zimene azimayi amakonda kuvala kapena kunyamula, n’zochokera pa mbalame yaikulu yonyansayi imene imadya nyansi.” Mwayi wake, anthu analeka kupha mbalamezi zaka zambiri m’mbuyomu, ndipo zikuchulukanso. Sitikukayikira kuti kukambirana pang’ono za mbalameyi kwavumbula kuti sitiyenera kuinyoza ndiponso kunyansidwa nayo. Zimene imachita ndiponso khama lake poyeretsa malo zimatipindulitsa kwabasi. Ngakhale kuti si yokongola kwambiri, mbalameyi imabweretsa ulemerero kwa Mlengi wake m’njira yonyozekayi.—Salmo 148:7, 10.

[Chithunzi patsamba 26]

Mlomo wa mbalameyi n’ngolemera, wooneka ngati tchizulo ndipo umatalika kuposa masentimita 30

[Chithunzi pamasamba 26, 27]

Mbalameyi ili ndi mapiko aatali oposa mamita aŵiri ndi theka

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

© Joe McDonald

[Chithunzi patsamba 27]

Timawunda tambalameyi timasamalidwa bwino kwambiri

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

© M.P. Kahl/VIREO

[Chithunzi patsamba 28]

Ntchito imene chinthu chofufuma chomwe chili pakhosi la mbalameyi chimachita pa thupi lake siikudziŵikabe

[Chithunzi patsamba 29]

Nthaŵi zina chisacho chimamangidwa m’mwamba mamita 40 kuchokera pansi