Anthu Akuona Ukalamba Mosiyana ndi Kale

KODI munthu umakalamba ukafika zaka zingati? Yankho la funsoli lingadalire ndi munthu yemwe mukum’funsa. Achinyamata aang’ono angakondwe kuika aliyense wa zaka zoposa 25 m’gulu la anthu okalamba.

Komatu oimba nyimbo za chamba chotchedwa opera safika pachimake paluso lawo mpaka atakula ndithu. Ndipo lipoti lina m’nyuzipepala ya ku Australia yotchedwa The Sun-Herald linanena za anthu amene amafuna kukhala mabwana kuti: “Masiku ano ngati sunakhalebe bwana utakwanitsa zaka 40, ndiye kuti basi sudzakhalanso bwana.”

Zimene Anthu Ambiri Amaganiza

Anthu ena amaganiza kuti anthu amene ali okalamba amachita ngozi kaŵirikaŵiri ndipo amachedwa kugwira zinthu m’mutu ndiponso matupi awo amayamba kufooka kwambiri. Kodi n’chilungamo kuganiza choncho? Komatu bungwe la World Health Organization litafufuza, panapezeka kuti ku Ulaya konse, “munthu mmodzi pa atatu alionse amene amamwalira pangozi zapamsewu, amakhala asanakwanitse zaka 25.” Komanso msinkhu umene matupi a anthu amayamba kufooka kwambiri n’kuyambira zaka 30 mpaka 40, ndipo palibe umboni uliwonse wakuti nzeru za munthu wabwinobwino zimachepa akamakula.

Bwanji nanga zimene anthu amaganiza kuti anthu okalamba amadwala chifukwa cha kukalambako? Magazini ina ya zachipatala ku Australia yotchedwa The Medical Journal of Australia imati, “Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ukalamba ndi matenda n’zogwirizana.” Mfundo yoona n’njakuti, anthu ambiri okalamba ali ndi thanzi ndithu ndipo samadziona ngati okalamba. Ena amaganiza ngati mmene ankaganizira yemwe anali mlangizi wa pulezidenti ku America wotchedwa Benard Baruch, yemwe anati: “Ine ndikamati ukalamba ndiye kuti ndi zaka 15 kuposa zaka zanga.”

Nanga n’chifukwa chiyani anthu okalamba amanyozedwa, ndiponso nthaŵi zina ngakhale kuchitiridwa tsankhu? Kwenikweni mbali yaikulu ya yankho la funsoli n’njokhudza mmene anthu amawaonera anthu okalamba.

Mmene Anthu Amawaonera Anthu Okalamba

Max Frankel, m’magazini ya The New York Times Magazine ananena kuti, “Anthu a ku America amakonda achinyamata monyanyira ndipo asokoneza kwambiri maganizo a atolankhani osiyanasiyana okhudza mmene ayenera kuonera anthu okalamba.” Iye anadandaulanso kuti, “ Anthu okalamba atsala pang’ono kusiyiratu kuwagwiritsa ntchito m’zinthu zofalitsidwa ndi atolankhani.” Mwina zimenezi zitithandiza kumvetsetsa mfundo yachilendo imene bungwe la The UNESCO Courier inaona yakuti: “Kuyambira kale . . . anthu sanawachitireko okalamba zinthu zotero. Anthu amawathandiza powateteza ndiponso powapatsa ndalama, koma zimene amawaganizira n’zoipa kwambiri.”

Ngakhale madokotala amawachitiranso tsankhu anthu okalambaŵa. Malinga n’kunena kwa magazini a The Medical Journal of Australia akuti: “Madokotala ambiri, komanso anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti munthu akaposa zaka 65 ndiye kuti wapitirira msinkhu woyenera chithandizo chopeŵera matenda. . . . Kuganiza moipa kumeneku kwachititsa kuti anthu okalamba asamaŵerengedwe akamafufuza zinthu zambiri zofunika.”

Magazini yomweyi inanena kuti: “Kuganizira okalamba moipa, powanena kuti ndi otha  ntchito kungatengedwe ngati ndiye chifukwa chake sali oyenera kulandira mankhwala amphamvu. Matenda ambiri ofala, koma osati oopsa amene amangokhudza pang’ono mbali yathupi, monga kuyamba kuchita khungu ndiponso kugontha amawanyalanyaza kapenanso amangoti ndi mmene zimakhalira munthu akamakalamba. . . . Kuti okalambaŵa athandizidwedi powateteza kumatenda, anthu ayenera kusintha mmene amawaonera okalambawo.”

“Mwina nthaŵi yafika yoti tionenso bwino mmene timaonera anthu okalamba, makamaka m’mayiko otukuka,” inalangiza choncho magazini ya zachipatala ya ku Britain yotchedwa The Lancet. N’chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zili zofunika kwambiri? Magaziniyo inafotokoza kuti: “Kuona anthu okalamba m’njira yabwinopo kungathetse maganizo ambiri olakwika amene amachititsa anthu kukhulupirira mabodza akuti okalamba adzachuluka kwambiri mwakuti azidzatha mankhwala ofunika m’zipatala.”

Anthu Okalamba Akuchuluka Kwambiri

Kunena zoona anthu okalamba ayamba kale kuchuluka, ndipo si kuti akuchuluka mwapang’onopang’ono koma akuchuluka mwamsanga zedi. Nkhani ina m’magazini ya The UNESCO Courier inanena kuti, “Padziko lonse, kuyambira chaka cha 1955 mpaka chaka cha 2025, anthu amene  adzakhale ndi zaka 65 kupita m’tsogolo, adzaŵirikiza kanayi ndipo poŵerenga kuchuluka kwawo moyerekezera ndi anthu ena onse, adzakhala atachuluka moŵirikiza kaŵiri.

Panopa anthu okalamba ku India aposa kale anthu onse amene ali ku France. Ndipo akuti ku United States, anthu okwana 76 miliyoni amene anabadwa patapita zaka 18 nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse itatha, adzapuma pantchito m’kati mwa zaka 50 zikubwerazi. Akatswiri oyendetsa chuma ndiponso azachipatala akuda nkhaŵa ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu okalamba, ndipo anthufe zikutipangitsa kuti tiganizepo mofatsa pankhani ya mmene timaonera kukalamba.

Kuyerekezera Moyo ndi Seŵero

Anthu ena amayerekezera moyo ndi seŵero la mbali zitatu. Mbali yoyamba imakhala nthaŵi yaunyamata yosangalatsa ndiponso yophunzira zinthu. Udindo wosamalira banja ndiponso kugwira ntchito yotangwanitsa ndiyo mbali yachiŵiri ya seŵeroli. Mbali yachitatu, anthu am’seŵerowo amawalangiza kuti apume pa ntchito zawo n’kumangodikira tsiku.

Komabe kuyambira m’ma 1900, zaka za “anthu a m’seŵeroli” amene ali “mbali yachitatu” zawonjezereka ndi zaka 25 kuposa kale pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana monga chitukuko pa zachipatala ndiponso zaukhondo. Ambiri sakondwera kuti awapumitse  pantchito zawo kuti azingokhala. Okalamba omwe adakali ndi mphamvu zawo akuchulukabe ndipo akufuna kuti nkhani ya mbali yachitatu m’seŵeroli aisinthe.

Ndi Aphindu Kwabasi

Si zoona zimene anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti okalamba ambiri amadalira anthu ena. Magazini yotchedwa The New York Times Magazine inanena kuti ku United States, “anthu ambiri okalamba amadzidalira okha, si osauka ndipo ali ndi zinthu zambiri kuposa mabanja achinyamata . . . ndiponso [kuti] akatswiri a chikhalidwe cha anthu atulukira kuti okalamba olemera adzayamba kuchuluka.” Philip Kotler, yemwe ndi pulofesa wa zamalonda pa yunivesite yotchedwa Northwestern University ku United States, anathirira ndemanga pankhaniyi. Iye ananena kuti, “Posachedwapa azamalonda adzayamba kuona anthu achuma azaka 55 kapena kuposa pamenepo kuti ndiwo angapindule nawo kwambiri powasatsa malonda.”

Phindu la anthu okalamba si ndalama zawo zokhazo ayi. Nyuzipepala ya ku Sydney yotchedwa The Sunday Telegraph inanena kuti ku Australia “tsopano agogo ndiwo akugwira theka lantchito zonse zapakhomo zokhudza kulera ana, ndipo amayi ambiri ndithu amasiya ana akuleredwa ndi agogo awo iwo atapita kuntchito.”

M’madera ena monga mumzinda wa ku France wotchedwa Troyes, nzeru zimene zimapezeka ndi anthu okalamba zimaonedwa kuti ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Anthu akupeza nawo nzeru zimenezi pamene okalambaŵa akuwagwiritsa ntchito yophunzitsa ana akaŵeruka kusukulu maluso monga ukalipentala, kupanga magalasi, kusema miyala, maluso a zomangamanga ndiponso kukonza mapaipi monga a mipope ya madzi. Kuwonjezera pa kuphunzitsa ena, nawonso okalamba ambiri zedi akupita kusukulu kukaphunzira maluso osiyanasiyana.

Magazini yotchedwa The UNESCO Courier ya January 1999 inati, “bungwe la ku Paris loona za mayunivesite a anthu okalamba lotchedwa International Association of Universities of the Third Age linanena kuti, ‘pali mayunivesite a okalamba oposa 1,700 padziko lonse.’” Ponenapo za mayunivesite ameneŵa, magaziniyo inati: “Ngakhale kuti mayunivesite a anthu okalambaŵa n’ngosiyana kwambiri m’zinthu zina ndi zina ndiponso mmene amawayendetsera m’mayiko onse, kaŵirikaŵiri cholinga chawo n’chimodzi chofuna kuthandiza okalambawo kuti azichita nawo zinthu zonse zokhudza chikhalidwe ndiponso umoyo wa anthu onse.” Akuti yunivesite ina yotero ku Japan inali ndi ophunzira 2,500!

Alexandre Kalache, yemwe ndi mtsogoleri wa gulu loona za okalamba la Ageing and Health Programme la m’bungwe la World Health Organization ananena kuti, “Poganizira zonse zimene okalamba amachitira abale awo ndiponso m’madera awo, tingaone kuti n’zochuluka zedi, ndipo n’zosasimbika chifukwa chakuti zambiri zimakhala zopanda malipiro.” Anapempha kuti: “Mayiko . . . ayenera kuona okalamba awo osati monga mtolo koma ayenera kuwaona monga njira yomwe ingathandize kuthetsa mavuto . . . , chinthu choyamba kwenikweni n’chakuti aziwaona monga anthu oti angathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito.”

Mutha kuvomereza kuti, kukhala osangalala tikamakalamba kumadalira zimene anthu ena amatiganizira ndiponso zimene amadana nazo, koma kwakukulukulu, kumadaliranso ndi mmene ifeyo timaonera moyo. Kodi inuyo mungatani kuti mukhalebe munthu woganiza bwinobwino ndiponso wamphamvu zake, ngakhale thupi lanulo likukalamba? Chonde ŵerengani bokosi limene liri patsamba 16 ndi 17, kuti muone zimene okalamba ena akunena kuti ndizo zimawathandiza kukhalabe amphamvu ndi kusangalala nawo moyo.

Yesetsani Kumachitabe Zinthu Zosiyanasiyana

Mutha kuona kuti chinthu chimene okalamba ambiri amphamvu zawoŵa amachita n’chakuti amagwira ndithu ntchito, kaya ntchito yolembedwa kapenanso yongodzipereka. Amachitanso zinthu zina zolimbitsa thupi nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, amacheza ndi anthu azaka zosiyanasiyana ndiponso amapembedza Mulungu. Monga mmene mukuonera zinthu zodzetsa chimwemwezi, zingathandize achinyamata ndi okalamba omwe.

Panopa, n’zokhumudwitsa kuti ngakhale pamene mukuŵerenga nkhani imeneyi, inunso mukukalamba. (Mlaliki 12:1) Komabe chitani zanzeru, pomvera mfundo imene ili m’magazini ya Bulletin of the World Health Organization yakuti: “Thanzi limathandiza munthu kuti azitha kuchita zinthu, komatu kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana n’kumene kuli kothandiza kwambiri kuti munthu akhale wathanzi.”

[Bokosi/Zithunzi pamasamba 16, 17]

Amachitabe Zinthu Zosiyanasiyana Ndipo Amasangalala Nawo Moyo

▪ KU SOUTH AFRICA: Piet Wentzel, amene ali ndi zaka 77 amagwira ntchito yongodzipereka nthaŵi zonse.

“Ndimadziŵa kuti, kuti munthu akhalebe ndi thupi lolimba, nthaŵi zonse ayenera kumachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi, ndakhala ndikulima dimba laling’ono. Ndimamva ngati ndine munthu wina ndikatha kuchita ntchito yolimbitsa thupi imeneyi. Kuti ndithe kuchita zimenezi, ndalimbikitsidwa ndi mfundo ija yakuti, ‘Zengerezu analinda kwawukwawu.’”

[Chithunzi]

“Ndimadziŵa ubwino wochita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi nthaŵi zonse,” anatero Piet

▪ KU JAPAN: Yoshihaur Shiozaki, amene ali ndi zaka 73 amagwira ntchito yolangiza anthu pa nkhani za malo ndi nyumba.

“Ndimadwala msana, matenda a kuthamanga magazi ndiponso matenda a m’makutu. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito njinga yakapalasa poyendera kuntchito kuchoka kunyumba masiku anayi pamlungu; ulendo wonse wopita ndi kubwerera umakhala mtunda wamakilomita 12. Kupalasa njinga kumalimbitsa kwambiri thupi langa, chifukwa ndikamatero msana wanga sumapweteka kwambiri komanso miyendo yanga imalimba. Ndimayesetsa kukhalabe mwamtendere ndi anthu ena, ndiponso oyandikana nawo. Ndimayesetsa kuti ndisamangoona zolakwa zokhazokha za ena. Ndafika pozindikira kuti anthu amamvera zinthu mofulumira ukamawalimbikitsa kuposa ukamawanyoza.”

[Chithunzi]

“Ndimayesetsa kuti ndisamangoona zolakwa zokhazokha za ena,” anatero Yoshihauru

▪ KU FRANCE: Léone Chalony, amene ali ndi zaka 84 ndi mlaliki wa nthaŵi zonse.

“Nditapuma pantchito mu 1982, zinthu zinali zovuta chifukwa chakuti ndinkaikonda ntchito yanga yokonza anthu tsitsi. Ndinalibe udindo wina uliwonse, choncho ndinakhala mpainiya, dzina la alaliki a nthaŵi zonse a Mboni za Yehova. Kuphunzira Baibulo ndi anthu achidwi ambiri kwandithandiza kuti maganizo anga akhalebe ochangamuka. Popeza kuti ndilibe galimoto, ndimayenda wapansi kwambiri. Ndikamatero ndimakhalabe wathanzi.”

[Chithunzi]

“Kuphunzira Baibulo ndi anthu ambiri kumandithandiza kugwiritsa ntchito ubongo wanga,” anatero Léone

▪ KU BRAZIL: Francisco Lapastina, amene ali ndi zaka 78 amagwira ntchito yongodzipereka nthaŵi zonse.

“Nthaŵi zambiri sindipsa mtima wina akandikhumudwitsa kapena akandinyoza. Ndimangoti mwina munthuyo ali ndi zina zimene zam’sokoneza maganizo kapena kuti ali ndi mavuto ena ake. Tonsefe timakhala ndi masiku ena amene sitichezeka. Ndimayesetsa kusasunga chidani ndiponso kusaiŵala kuti anthu ayenera kundizoloŵera. Zimenezi zandithandiza kukhala ndi anzanga enieni ambiri.”

[Chithunzi]

“Ndimayesetsa kusasunga chakukhosi,” anatero Francisco

▪ KU AUSTRALIA: Don MacLean, amene ali ndi zaka 77 amagwirabe ntchito kwa maola 40 mlungu uliwonse.

“Patha zaka zinayi atandichita opaleshoni yamtima, koma ndidakali ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri. Sindinaione opaleshoni imeneyi monga chinthu choti chindipundula kwa moyo wanga wonse. Tsiku lililonse ndimapitabe kukayenda, monga mmene ndakhala ndikuchitira kwa zaka zambiri. Pamene ndinali wamng’ono, n’kamaona ena akukalamba nthaŵi yawo yokalamba isanakwane, nthaŵi zonse ndinkangoti zimenezo zisadzandichitikire. Ndimasangalala kwambiri ndikamadziŵana ndi anthu n’kuyamba kumalankhulana nawo. Moyo wathu ukakhala wokonda zinthu zauzimu, ndiye kuti tidzionera tokha zimene zinanenedwa pa Salmo 103: 5 kuti: ‘[Yehova] akhutitsa m’kamwa mwako ndi zabwino; nabweza ubwana wako unge mphungu.’”

[Chithunzi]

“Musakalambe nthaŵi yanu yokalamba isanakwane,” anatero Don

▪ KU JAPAN: Chiyoko Chonan amene ali ndi zaka 68, ndi mlaliki wanthaŵi zonse.

“Mfundo yothandiza kukhalabe ndi thanzi labwino n’kupeŵa zinthu zimene zingakufooleni nkhongono. Ndimayesetsa kuti ndisamangodandaula ndi zilizonse ndipo ndimaona kuti kusintha nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi zinthu zina zimene ndimachita kumandithandiza. Posachedwapa ndinayamba kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito chida chinachake chophunzitsira ana kuŵerengetsera masamu kuti zala ndi maganizo anga zikhale zamphamvu. Ndikukhulupirira kuti kuyamba kuchita zinthu zatsopano kumathandiza.”

[Chithunzi]

“Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi bwino kuyamba kuchita zinthu zatsopano,” anatero Chiyoko

▪ KU FRANCE: Joseph Kerdudo amene ali ndi zaka 73, amagwira ntchito yongodzipereka nthaŵi zonse.

“Njira yofunika kwambiri kuti munthu akalambe bwino ndiyo kuchitabe zinthu zosiyanasiyana ngati zitatheka kutero. Kugwira ntchito kumakhutiritsa, ndipo mufunika kuonetsetsa zimene mumadya n’kusiya kudya zosafunika. Ndimakhulupirira kuti mukakhala n’cholinga m’moyo, mumasintha. Ndimaganiza kuti moyo wauzimu n’ngofunika kwambiri potithandiza kukhalabe athanzi labwino. Ndisanakhale m’gulu la Mboni za Yehova, ndinkangochita zinthu mosaziganizira bwino ndipo ndimangoti zinthu zonse n’zoipa. Kudziŵa choonadi cha m’Baibulo ndiko kumathandiza kwambiri kuti munthu alimbane ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana.”

[Chithunzi]

“Moyo wauzimu n’ngofunika kwambiri,” anatero Joseph